PowerPoint Presentation

Crop And Irrigation Water Requirement Estimation By Remote Sensing And GIS: A Case Study Of Karnal District, Haryana, India

Presented By:-

Rohit Tiwari - 11BCL0175 Vikas - 11BCL0100 Ahmad Waqar - 11BCL0111 Pushpesh Ranjan - 11BCL0011 Aayush Kumar - 11BCL0032 1 * INTRODUCTION:-

Its is estimated that demand for food crops will double during the next 50 years with limited land and water resources, farmers need to increase their output from existing cultivated areas to satisfy the food demand of increasing population. Irrigation systems will be essential to enhance crop productivity in order to meet future food needs and ensure food security.Developments in irrigation are often instrumental in achieving high rates of agricultural goals but proper water management must be given due weightage in order to effectively manage water resources.Better management of existing irrigated areas is required for growing the extra food to fulfill the demand of increasing population. Irrigation contributed in number of ways. It enables farmers to increase yields and cropping intensities, stabilize production byproviding a buffer against the vagaries of weather, and create employments in rural areas. Rural poverty in intensively irrigated areas, such as states of Punjab and Haryana in India, became much lower than in predominantly rain fed states such as Orissa and Madhya Pradesh.

*ABOUT THE PROJECT

The project analyses the irrigation water requirement of wheat crop for Rabi season in Karnal District of Haryana state. The total area under wheat cultivation was estimated by LandSAT ETM+ image. Potential evapotranspiration has been taken from Haryana meteorological department. Potential evapotranspiration and crop coefficient for wheat was used for estimating crop water requirement. Effective rainfall was determined using India Meteorological Department gridded rainfall data. Effective rainfall and crop water requirement was used foe determining irrigation water requirement. 35% losses was assumed to calculate net water requirement. Multiplying the wheat crop area and net irrigation water requirement the volume of water required for wheat during the Rabi season was estimated. * STUDY AREA :-

Karnal district lies on western bank of river Yamuna. Karnal is located at 29.43o N latitude and 76.58o E longitudes and is about 250 meters above mean sea level. The topography of Karnal district is almost plain and well irrigated through canals and tube-wells. Irrigated area is about 205627 ha. While the gross irrigated area is 388917 ha. The important crops grown in this district include wheat, rice, sugarcane, sorghum, maize and berseem.The climate of the district is dry and hot in summer and cold in winter. Its maximum and minimum temperatures vary from 43oC to 21.5oC in June and from 22oC to 4oC in January.The land of Karnal district is plain and productive. The soil texture varies from sandy loam to clay loam. The soils are alluvial and are ideal for crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane, vegetables etc.

* MATERIAL AND METHODS :-

In order to accomplish the task, the data used for the study includes Landsat ETM+ imagery. The image contains 8 bands including a panchromatic band covering a swath of 185 km.

The meteorological data was obtained from IMD (India meteorological Department, Pune). The data consists of 0.5 x 0.5 gridded daily data of rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature. The data was subsequently processed in a GIS environment and converted into TIFF format to facilitate GIS analysis.

Landsat ETM+ image was processed in order to prepare crop mask for the area. We have taken the radiance image of Karnal district from satellite.

The Karnal district boundary map was overlaid on the radiance image to extract the study area.

Fig. Radiance Image (Landsat ETM+)

Ground truth data has been collected during rabi season and that was provided as training sites for various land use types. Information

about crops and cropping pattern were obtained from the farmers of the area. Based on the field visits, and classified image obtained from ANN, an area of interest (AOI) for wheat crop has been identified. Crop mask of the area has been prepared based on extracted wheat area and as indicated below in Fig.

Fig. Wheat crop mask

WORK TO BE DONE:-

Estimation of area under low, medium and high crop density.Calculation of total annual rainfall.Estimation of annual evapotranspiration.Calculation of total water requirement in Karnal district.THANK YOU