FRESHWATERWATER SCARCITY

* Causes of water scarcity* Needs to conserve water

WATER FACTS TEMPLES OF MODERN INDIAMULTIPURPOSE RIVER PROJECTS CLASSIFICATION OF DAMSDAMS IN INDIA (MAP)DISADVANTAGES OF DAMSRAINWATER HARVESTING* Methods of rainwater harvesting

Three - fourth of the earth surface is covered withwater but only less percentage of it is accounted byfreshwater. This freshwater can be mainly obtainedby precipitation, surface run off and ground waterthat is continually being renewed and rechargedthrough the hydrological cycle ensuring that wateris a renewable resource.

3. Excessive use of water4. Unequal access to water among

different social groups.Qualitative aspects1. Bad quality of water.2. Population growth3. Commercialisation of agriculture4. Industrialisation5. Urbanisation

Industrial waste in irrigation water

Quantitative aspects1. Variation in seasonal and annual precipitation2. Over exploitation of water resources

The shortage of water as compared to its demand is known as water scarcity.

Cultivation of crops

depends on water. As India

is a agricultural country, so

availability of water is must.

Water is also essential for

drinking and other

domestic works.

It is also used in

industries.

Water is necessary for life on earth. It is

believed that life first originated in water

before it invaded land. Water is in fact a pre-

condition of life.

• timber dams• embankment dams• masonry dams

• low dams• medium height dams• high dams

Dams can be classified based on their structure,

intended purpose or height :

Back side of a dam

• Adverse effect on aquatic life:

• Adverse effect on soil fertility:

Dams also fragment rivers making itdifficult for the aquatic fauna tomigrate, especially for spawning.

• Displacement of local communities:The building of large dams results in

displacement of local communities because thelocal people often give up their land andlivelihood and their control over resources forgreater food of the nation.

The multipurpose river projects areresponsible for providing assured meansof irrigation to farmers. Due to this,most of the farmers have changed thecropping pattern shifting to waterintensive and commercial crops. This hasled to salinisation of soil leading toecological imbalance.

It is a method through rainwater is collected &stored intanks or wells to use it later where is no water. Waterharvesting systems are considered a variable alternativeboth socially and environmentally in a country like India

Rainwater harvesting by making tanks