Water Productivity A Road to Sustainable Agriculture Dr. Saeed Nairizi President, ICID Jan. 2015.
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Transcript of Water Productivity A Road to Sustainable Agriculture Dr. Saeed Nairizi President, ICID Jan. 2015.
Water Productivity A Road to Sustainable Agriculture
Dr. Saeed Nairizi President, ICID
Jan. 2015
Increasing Pressure on Fresh Water Availability
for Food Supply
1. Population Growth
2. Fresh Water Availability Decline
3. Climate Change
4. Industry Development
5. Environmental Concerns
6. Change in Water Consumption Pattern
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 20500
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
World Less developed regions
More developed regions Least developed countries
mil
lio
n
data UNDP Population Reference Bureau (2012 Revision)
Total Population by regions
The Decline of Water Availability in developing Countries
Source: World Bank 2002a.
Food Supply Dilemma
Estimated and projected number of undernourished people by region, 1991-2030
Global Agricultural Production
Rain fed Agriculture
60 %
Irrigated Agriculture
40 %
Evolution of cropland surface area (1961-2008)
(data FAO)
Anticipated Sources of Growth in Crop Production, 1997-2030
Developing Countries Food Self Sufficiency
91 % (at present)
86 % (in 2030)
FAO Reports :
What are the options ?
• Rain water productivity
• Agricultural water productivity
Rain water productivity
Improving and Upgrading the Management of
Dry Farming
Permanent Meadows & Pastures
Forest and Bush Lands
Gaps are large between farmer's actual yield and achievable yields for major rainfed cereal crops
Some Technical Solution for Rain Water
Productivity Enhancement
Soil moisture conservation technique Minimum to no-till system
Manure and mulching
Recycling city waste
Water harvesting Small furrows
Terracing and bunds
Small dams
Improving varieties and cropping pattern
Supplemental irrigation
• Crop yield enhancement
• Optimizing crop water requirement
• Irrigation water management
Agricultural Water Productivity
Progress in maize yields in tons/ha by region (1980 – 2009)
data Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
• Agro-Technical consideration
• Biotechnology practices
• Genetic Engineering approaches
Crop yield enhancement
Evapotransporation → Crop Water Requirement
Irrigation Water Management
• Irrigation Application Management
• Irrigation Water Losses Management
Irrigation application Management
1. Economical Considerations
Deficit irrigation
Cropping pattern
2. Technical Improvements
Irrigation system modernization
Land leveling
Canal lining
Water use
Non-Consumptive Use
Non-beneficial
Consumptive Use
Irrigation water losses Management
BeneficialRecoverabl
eNon-recoverable
Minimizing the Irrigation Water losses at farm level
Non-beneficial:
Minimize the Water evaporated or transpired for purposes other than
the intended use:
sub-surface micro irrigation method
Mulching or covering of soil surface
Weeding the unwanted vegetation
Non-recoverable
Reducing flows to:
saline groundwater sinks
deep aquifers that are not economically exploitable
the sea
High Evaporation
Sprinkler Irrigation
Low Evaporation
Sub surface micro irrigation
MANY THANKSFOR
YOUR ATTENTION