Water Movement

Oceans Water Movement – Day 6

Objectives

• TODAY, I WILL BE ABLE TO:• Identify the ______________________on the

shoreline.• Describe how __________affects ocean water

movement.• Identify patterns of ocean _____________.

Key Points• A wave is visible evidence of energy passing through water.• The sawing and grinding action of rock fragments in the water is

called abrasion.• Beach nourishment decreases beach erosion without the

construction of protective structures.• Beach nourishment, groins and seawalls are designed to prevent or

slow shoreline erosion.• The energy that drives surface ocean currents comes from wind.• Friction is involved in the development of surface currents.• The Coriolis effect causes surface ocean currents to be deflected.• The rising of cold water from deeper layers to replace warmer

surface water is called upwelling.• Ocean currents that move toward the poles are warm.• An ocean current that is moving toward the equator is cold.

Types of Water Movement

• There are three general types of ocean water movement:1. ____________________2. ________________currents3. ________________ currents

• Each plays a different role in the movement of water in the oceans.

Waves• When you go to the beach, what is one of the first

things that you notice?

• WIND!• It’s always windy by the ocean! Did you know that…

• Ocean waves are caused by _________!

• Let’s take a closer look.

• A wave is _______________________________ _______________________________________.

Waves

• Waves are continuously _________against the ________________________.

• This continuous motion will cause the shoreline to ___________________over time.

• The ______________________action of rock fragments in the water is called abrasion.

• Abrasion creates all sorts of ________________ structures along the shoreline.

Waves

Shoreline abrasion has the power to smooth rocks.

Waves

Shoreline abrasion has created this sandstone cliff off the coast of British Columbia.

Waves

Shoreline abrasion has created this sandstone cliff off the coast of British Columbia.

A Sea Arch formed by abrasion and erosion.

Waves

• In some areas, like the Outer Banks of North Carolina, work is being done to protect the shoreline and keep it from being eroded.

• Three protective structures that protect a shoreline from erosion are:

1. beach _________________________2. ___________________________3. ___________________________

• Why would it be important to protect shorelines like the Outer Banks?

Waves

• Beach nourishment is the ______________ ____________________________________.

• Beach nourishment _______________beach erosion ________________the construction of protective structures.

Why would beach nourishment be important in an area like this?

Waves• Groins are barriers built to trap sand to keep

the shoreline from losing sand.

Waves• A Seawall is a wall built to shield the coast and

defend property from breaking waves.

Surface Currents

• Surface currents are movements of water that flow ______________on the ____________of the ocean.

• Like with waves, the ____________that drives surface ocean currents comes from ___________.

• _____________is also involved in the development of surface currents.

Surface Currents Map

What do you notice about the current pattern in the northern hemisphere?

What do you notice about the current pattern in the southern hemisphere?

Surface Currents

• Because of the _____________, currents are deflected to the ___________in the Northern Hemisphere and to the _________in the _____________Hemisphere.

• This is known as the ____________________.

• BOTTOM LINE: The Coriolis effect causes surface ocean currents to be ________________.

Surface Currents

• Wind can also cause _______________water movements.

• Upwelling is the _______________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Surface Currents

• Upwelling brings greater concentrations of dissolved nutrients, such as nitrates and phosphates, to the ocean surface.

• The importance of upwelling.

Deep Ocean Currents

In which direction do the warm currents flow?What about the cold currents?

Deep-Ocean Currents• Ocean currents that move toward the ________are ______.• An ocean current that is moving toward the _______is

________________.• Video showing ocean currents.

• Why is the water moving towards the equator cold? Where does it become cold?

• It becomes cold when the current moves ____________under the water. Colder water is denser.

• What about the warm water?• It warms up when the current brings it up to the _________.

This happens around the equator because of exposure to sun.

Check In – Use complete sentences1. What is the visible evidence of energy passing through water?2. Define abrasion. How does abrasion shape the coast?3. List the 3 ways beach erosion can be decreased. Which of those

doesn’t involve constructing (building) anything? 4. Where does the energy come from that drives surface ocean

currents?5. Which FORCE is involved in the development of surface

currents?6. What temperature are the currents that move towards the

poles? What about the currents that move towards the equator?7. What causes surface ocean currents to be deflected?

You be the expertFirst, read on your own in your books about your subject area.

1. Coriolis Effect – pg. 449 2. Upwelling – pg. 450-4513. Waves – pg. 455-4564. Shoreline abrasion – pg. 463-4645. Shoreline protection – pg. 466-4676. Cape Hatteras – pg. ES 327. Deep-Ocean Currents – pg. 451-453

As you read, write down at least 5 key points in the space provided.

If you have time, draw a simple diagram of your subject area in the space provided.

Individual Expert

• My subject is __________________________1. __________________________2. __________________________3. __________________________4. __________________________5. __________________________

Group

• Group Key Points:1. __________________________2. __________________________3. __________________________4. __________________________5. __________________________

Coriolis Effect ____________________________________________________________________________Upwelling _______________________________________________________________________________Waves ______________________________________Shoreline abrasion _______________________________________________________________________Shoreline protection _____________________________________________________________________Cape Hatteras ____________________________________________________________________________Deep-Ocean Currents __________________________

_________________________________________