By:R. PRANAVI (12241A01A8)V.VENKAT RAMANA REDDY (12241A01C0)

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GOKARAJU RANGARAJU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

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Why is World water day celebrated ?

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Distribution of Earth’s Water

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Sources of Water

Salt Water in Oceans 1348 BCM

Fresh Water 37.5 BCM

Sources of Fresh Water

Polar Ice and Glaciers 28.200 BCM

Ground Water < 800 m deep 3.470 BCM

800 - 4000 m deep 4.710 BCM

Lakes and Rivers 0.127 BCM

Others (soil moisture and atmospheric vapours)

0.704 BCM

Availability Of Water :

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We use water for cooking, growing and preparing food; in sustaining industry, to maintain our health, and for recreational purposes.Our daily existence relies on the availability of water.As the global population rises and the consumption of

water increases, we find ourselves depleting all of our water It is estimated that by 2025 1.8 billion people around the

world will live in extreme water scarcity.

Consumption of water:

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Fresh water usage:

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Wastage of water : Wastage of water leads to scarcity and conflicts

among nations but also within it.For instance, while India and Bangladesh dispute over

the Ganges has become a global issue.There are a number of solutions to deal with the

problem of water scarcity and we need to begin somewhere.

The first step should be to educate people to be responsible in their usage of water.

Desalination is another solution that could be considered.

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Water has always been perceived as a gift from the gods as it rained from the heavens.

Water provides the Earth with the capacity of supporting life. An organism doesn’t have to be told how important water is to their existence.

Water quenches the thirst of humans and animals. It gives life to plants and is essential for food production. Needless to add, we use water for almost all activities in our

life from bathing to cooking and without which life itself ceases to exist.

Importance of water

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Increase in population

Increase in industries

Increased Use of Irrigation Use of Fresh Water in

Industrial Animal Production

Depletion of Fresh Water Resources

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Causes : Marine dumping industrial waste Oil pollution Global Warming Under ground storage leakage Atmospheric Deposition Radioactive Waste Sewage and Waste water Eutrophication

Water pollution

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• Industrial waste can accumulate in nearby lakes and rivers. These are toxic to marine life such as fish and shellfish, and subsequently to the humans who eat them. Heavy metals can slow development; result in birth defects and some are carcinogenic.

• Microbial water pollution causes diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever being the primary cause of infant mortality.

• Sulphate particles from acid rain can cause harm the health of marine life in the rivers and lakes .

• Suspended particles in freshwater reduces the quality of drinking water for humans and the aquatic environment for marine life these particles often reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the water, disrupting the growth of photosynthetic plants and micro-organisms.

Dangers of water pollution:

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• Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary

• Use environmentally household products, such as washing powder, household cleaning agents and toiletries.

• Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilisers. This will prevent runoffs of the material into nearby water sources.

• Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans

Prevention of water wastage:

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Modi Sir’s Scheme in Gujarat:

Gujarat State Watershed Management Agency (GSWMA) is the nodal

agency to implement Integrated Watershed Management Programme

(IWMP) across Gujarat state. The main aims of the IWMP are to restore

the ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing

degraded natural resources such as soil, vegetative cover and water. The

outcomes proposed are prevention of soil run-off, regeneration of natural

vegetation, rain water harvesting and recharging of the ground water

table. This is expected to enable multi-cropping and the introduction of

diverse agro-based activities, which help to provide sustainable livelihoods to the people residing in the watershed area.

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Recent report released by The United Nations cautions that by the year

2025 almost 2.7 billion people will face severe water shortages

worldwide. Reports published by the International Atomic Energy

Agency (IAEA), suggests that estimated 1.1 billion people will be

deprived of access to safe drinking water. Approximately, 2.5 billion

people will have no basic sanitary and another 5 million people will

die each year from water borne diseases.

Latest Scenario :

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• Education is the key pathway to developing sustainable values and lifestyle.

• Never put water down the drain when there may be another use for it such as watering a plant or garden, or cleaning.

• Don't let water run while shaving or washing your face. Brush your teeth first while waiting for water to get hot, then wash or shave after filling the basin.

• Conserve drinking water daily .

Measures:

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• Check faucets and pipes for leaks• Water your lawn and garden in the morning or evening

when temperatures are cooler to minimize evaporation.

• Collect water from your roof using a rainwater tank to water your garden, water only when necessary. More plants die from over-watering than from under-watering

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*Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin*

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