Water Injection & Treatment for Tight Oil EOR
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Transcript of Water Injection & Treatment for Tight Oil EOR
WATER INJ / TREATMENT FOR TIGHT OIL EORSHONN ARNDT, CNRL EXPLOITATION ENGINEER DEECEMBER 10, 2014 CALGARY, AB, CANADA
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Ordos Basin
Permeability
EOR Choices for LTO
Enhanced(Water(Flood(• Cyclic(• Advanced(Gas(Injec8on(• N2(or(CO2(misc(• HC((WAG)(• Air(Injec8on(Biochemical(• MEOR(• Enzyme(Flooding(Thermal(• Steam(Injec8on(
Low((
Tight( Low( Moderate( High(0.1( 1( 10( 100(
Water(Flood(Chemical(Gas(Injec8on(Biochemical(Perm(Modifiers(((((((((
Primary(/w(fracs(Other?(((((((((((
Req’s Water
Req’s Water
Req’s Water
ORDOS BASIN CHINA
Reference 1
Reservoir
Pressure 2.94 - 6.38 MPa (Low), Temp 40 - 80 C
Oil Properties
Visc 1.48 - 4.3 cP, 0.693-0.8 g/ml, GOR low
Formation Water (mg/L)
Ca 6712-19 002, K/Na 6985 - 39 439, Ba 120 - 1693
Mg 18 - 1266
Salinities 70 000 - 132 000
CL 39 228 - 80 907
HCO, CO3, SO4 low
Case Study: Advanced WFJing’an Oilfield, Ordos Basin
Permeability 0.5 - 2 mD
Porosity 8 - 13%
Depth 1690
Reservoir Pressure 10.51 MPa
Primary Recovery 8-10%, AWF incr RF~ 3-5%
Wuliwan
Reference 1
Losing Energy
Early Water Breakthrough
Optimal 40 - 50 m3/d
Nanliang
Drill injectors 6 months before producers
Case Study: Frac Injectors?Ansai Oil Field, Ordos Basin
In 1990, 44 Wells not fractured with W/H injection pressures of 6.1 MPa.
23 Neighbouring wells were frac’d and injection pressures were 5.9 MPa.
Additionally, why convert frac’d producers to injectors?
Conclusion: Water injection will open up natural fractures…do not exceed frac pressure that will lead to early break through!
Reference 1
Case Study: Low Sal WF
Reference 2
Xi Feng Oilfield Permeability 1.12 mD
Porosity 10.7%
Clay Content 11.4-34.3% (34% Smectite)
Pore Throat Radius 0.05-.29 um
Reservoir Temp 65 C
Oil Density 0.81 g/cm3
Oil Visc 9 cP
Salinity 58 430 mg/L (Ca 2460, Mg 317)
Low Sal Water
A. 5569 mg.L (Ca 200, Mg 30)
B. 2784 mg/L (Ca 100, Mg 15)
No movable fines Results: Improved %OOIP by 13.3%
Need NF treatment or brackish source!
Restricted)Pore)Throat)
Grain) Boundary)Layer)Forms)(Adsorp:on)of)Fluids))
Grain)- - - -+ + + +
POTENTIAL DAMAGE TO RESERVOIR & WELLBORE
Injector
Producer
Well Bore • Large particles >33% ave Pore Throat i.e. 2 mD, Particles>0.5 um will plug.
Near Well Bore • Clay Swelling • Adsorption (chemicals / ions) • Injected small particles • Bacteria
Well bore / Near Well Bore • Damage from non compatible drilling / completions / WO fluids • Artificial fracs potential channels for injection fluid • Water Blocks (if Swi < Swirr)
Reservoir (natural filter) • Plastic Deformation of Matrix • Gas Break out from Oil
Water Front
Well Bore Damage Particle size > 33% Pore Throat
Reference 3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13
Near Well Bore Damage Particle size >7% & < 33% Pore Throat
Can also improve Injectivity with pressure pulsing or seismic stimulation
Reference 3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13
Formation Damage Particle size <7% will pass through
Reference 1
Water Specifications Water Floods
(1)Inlet polymer compound water oil content: less than or equal 2000mg/L; (2)Inlet treated water floating content: less than or equal 200mg/L; (3)Compound in the treated water content: less than or equal 450mg/L (4)Viscosity of the polluted water: 0.75 to 2.0mPa.s (testing conditions: rate of
shear is 7.53S-1 , temperature 45 degree) (5) Water density: 1000Kg/cbm (6) Oil density: 840 ~860 Kg/cbm (7) Water temperature: 40~42 deg C.
2. Outlet water parameter requirement (1) Oil removal stage outlet water oil content & floating particle content: less than or equal 50mg/L. (2) Filtering stage(final outlet water ) oil content: less than or equal 20mg/L; Floating particle content: less than or equal 20mg/L; Floating particle diameter average mean: less than or equal 2 micron. 3. Required production treatment cost. The total cost to the station roughly 3.0RMB/ton, equals USD0.44/ton.
III. Oil field inject water quality standard
1. Water driven oil field injected water quality standard Currently DaQing oil field regular injecting water carries the industrial standard issued by National Petroleum & Gas General Corporation <<Particles of Classic Rocks Oil Reserve Injecting Water Standard>> (Table 1) ((SY/T 5329-94) and DaQing Oil Co. Ltd issued enterprise standard << DaQing Oil Reserve Injecting Water Standard>> (Q/SY DQ0605-2000) (Table 2).
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Oilfield Water Technical Requirements China Also consider water compatibility & scaling tendencies & other impurities that affect injectivity.
Frac Fluid Req’s
<100 ppm<1 um
<30 ppm
<10 cells / mL
Water Treatment Technologies
Suggested Configurations for Tight Oil
1. Skim Tank - DAF/DGF or EC - MMF - UF - chem inj
Add NF or WAC to remove divalents for Low Salinity flooding
Final Thoughts
1. Put a reservoir in front of your reservoir (i.e. filtration). Damage may not be reversible!
2. Mother nature (formation / water quality) drives water treatment solutions.
3. It’s critical to inject early and keep the water flowing (i.e. maintain reservoir pressure).
References: 1. Advanced Water Injec0on for Low perm Reservoirs Ran Xinquan Petroleum Industry Press 2013 2. Coreflood study of low salinity effects in low permeability sandstone reservoirs, Wu Jiazhong et al 2012 3. A new methodology that surpasses current bridging theories, VIkers et al 2006 4. Injec0on Water Quality -‐ A Key Factor to Successful Waterflooding, Bennion et al JCPT June 1998 5. Produced Water Treatment in Hydraulic Fracturing, Martex et al 2013 Canadian Business Conference 6. Forma0on Damage, King et al, March 14, 2009 presenta0on 7. Enhanced Oil Recovery Injec0on Waters, Collins et al, 1982 US DOE 8. Iden0fying Op0mum Techniques for Parafin Control, Schuler, March 2014 9. SPE 122189 Improving Water Injec0on in a Mature Field, Cavallero et al, 2009 10. Water and Fluid Based Reten0on in Low Perm Media, Bennion et al, 2006 11. Study and Applica0on of Waterflood Protec0on Technology in Developing Low Perm Reservoirs, Zhang et
al, 2013 12. Decompression adn Augmented Injec0on during Waterflooding Development in Low Perm Reservoirs,
Zhang et al, 2012 13. Mechanisms and Effec0ve Preven0on of Damage for Forma0ons with Low-‐Porosity and Low-‐Permeability,
Yan et al, 2012 14. Product Descrip0on – Shengl Oilfield Water Treatment for Low Perm Reservoirs 15. SPE893731 Oil Recovery with HZ Waterflooding, Osage COunty Oklahoma 2004, Westermark et al 16. New Field Water Treatment for Produced Water Reuse in Fracing Tipton_Steven, July 9, 2013 presenta0on