Water - Harish

8/3/2019 Water - Harish

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WaterContamination


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The next

WORLD WARwill be over

WATER


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Six effects of water pollution.

1. The food chain.

When the toxins are in the water the animals drink it goes to the

meat, which we eat and it affects us as well as our food supply.

2. Diseases can be spread through polluted water.

Infectious diseases such as typhoid and cholera can be contracted

from drinking contaminated water. The human heart and kidneys

can be adversely affected if polluted water is consumed regularly.

Other health problems associated with polluted water are poor

blood circulation, skin lesions, vomiting, and damage to the nervous

system. Water pollution is the main cause of human death around

the globe.

3.Acid Rain

It contains sulfate particles which effects plants and animals in

lakes.

4. Pollutants in the water will alter the overall chemistry of the

water.

Causing changes in acidity, temperature and conductivity. These all

have affect on marine life.

5. Marine food sources are contaminated.

Or in other words eliminated.

6.Altered water temperatures.

(Due to human actions) this can kill the marine life and affect the

delicate ecological balance in bodies of water, especially lakes and

rivers.


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Is There Really A Water Crisis?

Over 1 billion people lack access to safe water

2 out of 3 people will be living with water shortages by 2025

Half of the world's wetlands have been lost since 1900.

The basis for most projections for future conflicts is that with the

growth of demand, the decline in freshwater availability , and the

adverse health effects from poor water quality, scarcity will resultin violence and water wars.

YES
http://boingboing.net/2009/11/16/is-there-really-a-wa.htmlhttp://boingboing.net/2009/11/16/is-there-really-a-wa.htmlhttp://boingboing.net/2009/11/16/is-there-really-a-wa.html


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? Why[Situation]


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The globalsituation


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The globalsituation

Less than 3% of the worlds water is

fresh the rest is seawater and

undrinkable.

Of this 3% over 2.5% is frozen, locked

up in Antarctica, the Arctic and glaciers,

and not available to man.

Thus humanity must rely on this 0.5%

for all of mans and ecosystems fresh

water needs.


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TheIndiansituation

PM's Independence Day Speech, 2009

Dr Manmohan Singh, said:

Climate change is threatening our ecosystems; water scarcity

is becoming a way of life and pollution is a growing threat to

our health and habitat.


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India has 16 % of the worlds population and 4% of its fresh waterresources.

TheIndiansituation

Water availability(Rank):

Weighted average: 14.0 thousand cubic

metres

# 1 Iceland: 294.34 thousand cubic

metres

# 47 USA: 7.09 thousand cms

# 68 UK: 3.1 thousand cms# 89 China: 1.72 thousand cms

# 93 India: 1.56 thousand

cubic metres# 141 Botswana: -7.46 thousand cubic

metres

Severe water stress:

Weighted average: 25.5 %

#1 Israel: 100 %

# 23 India: 80.2 %# 36 China: 44.7 %

# 42 United States: 31.3 %# 51 United Kingdom: 21 %


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TheIndiansituation

Groundwater [Depleted]

Surface water [Polluted]

Rainfall [Wasted]

Population [ ]

Demand [ ]

Consumption [ ]

SCARCITY

Agriculture [ ]

Health & Environment[ ]

Future [ ? ]

Industrial Growth [ ]

Economy-Industry [ ]

Water Business[ ]


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Surface Water

Eutrophication

Oxygen depletion

Ecological health

Ground Water

Fluoride

Nitrate Arsenic

Iron

Sea water intrusion

TheIndiansituation

Common issues of Surface and Ground water Pathogenic (Bacteriological) Pollution

Salinity

Toxicity (micro-pollutants and other industrial pollutants)


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TheIndiansituation

Groundwater is the major

source of water in our country

with 85% of the population

dependent.

Groundwater water tabledecline - 33 centimeters per

year.


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TheIndiansituation

Fresh water (rain and snow)availability - 4,000 BCMMost of which returns to the seas via rivers.

Surface and ground water availability - 1,869 BCM.

Of this, 40 % is not available.

Groundwater Consumption:

92% - Agricultural

5% - Industrial 3% - Domestic.

Surface water Consumption:

89% - Agricultural

2% - Industrial 9% - Domestic.


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TheIndiansituation

On an average there are about 40 rainy days in an year423 Tier I cities and 499 Tier II towns together generate around

30000 mn litres of wastewater of which about 7000 mn litres is

treated.

About 57000 industries in India generate around 14000 mn litres of

waste water of which about 40% is let untreated into the canals,

streams, lakes, rivers etc.

Sewage along with agricultural runoff also contribute to depletion

of large number of nutrients from surface water.

A large part of domestic sewage is left uncollected. This leds tostagnation of sewage water leading to water borne diseases such as

malaria and also contamination of ground water.


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TheIndiansituation


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TheIndiansituation

Brazil

Russia

China Canada,

Indonesia

U.S

India Columbia Democratic Republic

of Congo.

Fewer than 10 countries possess 60% of the worlds availablefresh water supply:


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The Indiansituation

India receives abundant rains compared to other water scaredcountries but

This map shows how

much water the Indian

infrastructure fails tostore!


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Indian government is too focused on economic growth, instead of

facilitating in basic human needs.

Poor water Management system.

Biofuel threatens India water supply.

Package Water Industries are encouraged.

The Indiansituation

The IndianGovernment


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? How[Problem]


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Challenges


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Challenges

Industries Over exploitation

Groundwater depletionPollution

Land Degraded

Agriculture Spoiled

Groundwater & Surface water polluted

Health Issues


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Challenges

Government

Inefficient Government State construction

Lack of integrated water management

Inadequate enforcement of environment legislation relating to

water

Insufficient facilities for waste water treatment

Insufficient local technological research on water


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Challenges

Public

Wasting Water

Polluting Water


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Challenges

Climate change.

2020 India will become a water stressed nation.

66 million Indians in 20 states are at risk due to excess fluoride

10 million due to excess arsenic in groundwater

Out of these 6.3 lakh rural schools only 44 % have water supplyfacilities

Half of all Indian children are undernourished and half of all

adult women suffer from anaemia.


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Challenges

37.7 million Indians are affected by waterborne diseases

annually

1.5 million children are estimated to die of diarrhoea alone

180 million working days are lost due to waterborne disease

each year

Economic burden is estimated at $600 million a year.

1,95,813 habitations in the country are affected by poor water

quality.


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Challenges

Indias rivers carry 90% of the water during the period fromJune to November, but only 10% is available during the other six

months.

Biofuel threatens Indias water supply.

161 of out of approximately 600 districts in India havebeen declared drought.

At least 45% of India's land area is degraded.

90% of the sewage generated by municipal councils and

over 50% of sewage discharged by municipal corporationsgoes untreated


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Challenges

Overview of the major problems:

Drinking Water

Inadequate and intermittent supply of drinking water

Metallic and bacterial pollution of water

Inadequate piped water supply in rural areas and some urban

slum areas Loss of water in transmission (distribution) and storage

Lack of financial resources for improvements.


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Challenges

Affect agriculture production

Insufficient local technological research on water

Lack of integrated water management

Inadequate enforcement of environment legislation relating to

water

Lack of control over-exploitation of groundwater resources

Insufficient facilities for waste water treatment


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Challenges

Industrial Water

Inadequate enforcement of special water

regime for industries requiring considerable

amounts of water

Inability of municipal water supply

organizations to meet increasing

demands of existing and new industries


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Challenges

Uncontrolled exploitation of ground water by some industrial

establishments

Safety of industrial establishments from surplus surface water andfloods

Lack of proper draining facilities


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Challenges

River Yamuna- the principal drain for New Delhis waste.

Residents pour 150 million gallons of sewage into the river each

day.

In New Delhi the Yamuna itself is clinically dead.

River Ganges- River of Dead Bodies


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Challenges

Groundwater in Sukinda is believed to be contaminated with

chromium. Sukinda, which contains one of the largest open cast

chromite ore mines in the world, 60% of the drinking water contains

hexavalent chromium

The World's Most Polluted Places (Times survey)Sukinda, India

Number of people potentially affected:

2,600,000


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Market Study

Supply & Demand

There are two dominant features in current global water

consumption patterns:

The supply of fresh water is limited, but demand is growing steadily.Many countries are failing to satisfy the basic need to provide

sufficient quantities of water of acceptable quality.

The development of the water market is being shaped by four megatrends:

global population growth.

infrastructure

water quality

Climate change


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Case Study [ecosan* ecological sanitation ]

The concept behind ecological sanitation(ecosan) is that sanitation problems could be

solved more sustainably and efficiently if the

resources contained in excreta and wastewater

were recovered and used rather than

discharged into the water bodies and the

surrounding environment.

THE SOLUTION

Applying Ecological Sanitation means both creating awareness for

recycling of human disposals as well as developing an adequate toilet

design for separating urine and faces to make agricultural use

possible and exude the use of water.


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Signs of hope[Solution]


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Solution

Progress is Must,

But

Environment isFirst.


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Solution

Solutions to water problems require the consideration of cultural,educational, communication and scientific aspects.

Plant Trees

Avoid Pollution

Conserve water

Technologies and Innovations

Water Purification Systems

Seawater desalination

Water Footprint


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Solution

The much-awaited seawater desalination plant, the largest in the country with a

capacity of 100 MLD (million litres per day), coming up near Minjur about 35 km

north of Chennai .

Under the technology, developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology

(NIOT), warm water is pumped into a vacuum flash chamber and the resultant

vapour is condensed using cold water to get crystal clear potable water.

Desalinated water is of a better quality and the cost is only 6 paise per litre.


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Solution

Rain Water Harvesting

Irrigation Water Management

Hydrological projects - Construction of Dams

Artificial Recharge to Ground Water through Dug well


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SolutionNational River Linking Project


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Solution

Try to do one thing each day that will result in saving water. Don't worry if the savings

are minimal every drop counts! You can make a difference.

Remember to use only the amount you actually need.

Form a group of water-conscious people and encourage your friends and neighborsto be part of this group. Promote water conservation in community newsletters andon bulletin boards.

Encourage your friends, neighbors and co-workers to also contribute.

Encourage your family to keep looking for new ways to conserve water in and

around your home.

Make sure that your home is leak-free. Many homes have leaking pipes that gounnoticed.

Do not leave the tap running while you are brushing your teeth or soaping your face.


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Solution

Avoid flushing the toilet unnecessarily. Put a brick or any other device that occupiesspace to cut down on the amount of water needed for each flush.

When washing the car, use water from a bucket and not a hosepipe.

Do not throw away water that has been used for washing vegetables, rice or dals.

Use it to water plants or to clean the floors, etc

You can store water in a variety of ways. A simple method is to place a drum on araised platform directly under the rainwater collection source. You can also collectwater in a bucket during the rainy season.

Donate fund for ongoing projects.


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Solution

sAvE wAtEr

SaVe WoRlD


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Thank You

Water - Harish

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