1. Loro Francesco ARPAV Subotica, Septermber 2013 Surface water protection and discharge control: EU framework discharge limit values environmental standard values Environmental Prevention and Protection AgencyEnvironmental Prevention and Protection Agency

2. Summary The european framework A special case the Venice lagoon Whos ARPAV The environmental controls

3. E.U. RULESE.U. RULES DIR 91/271 Council Directive concerning urban waste-water treatment (UWWTD) DIR 91/271 Council Directive concerning urban waste-water treatment (UWWTD) DIR 91/676 Council Directive concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources DIR 91/676 Council Directive concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources DIR 2000/60 Directive establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (WFD) DIR 2000/60 Directive establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (WFD) The european framework Directive 2008/105/EC Directive on Environmental Quality Standards Directive 2008/105/EC Directive on Environmental Quality Standards

4. DIR 1991/271/EUDIR 1991/271/EU On the collection, treatment and discharge of urban waste water The treatment and discharge of waste water from certain industrial sectors. (Annex 3) Definition of industrial waste water Installation of a waste water collection treatment and collection system The european framework Definition of sensible area Discharge permit Industrial Water reuse Reuse of sludges

5. DIR 1991/271/EU: discharge limitsDIR 1991/271/EU: discharge limits The european framework Waste water collection system (Art. 3) Deadline Numbers of EI 31/12/2000 > 15.000 31/12/2005 2.000 15.000 31/12/2005 10.000

6. DIR 1991/271/EU: the time tableDIR 1991/271/EU: the time table The european framework Sensitive area (Art. 5) Deadline Action 31/12/1993 MS identification 31/12/1998 WWTP to reduce the pollutants for agglomerations of more than 10 000 p.e 31/12/1998 Limit values fixed on Annex II sect. B

7. DIR 1991/271/EU: the time tableDIR 1991/271/EU: the time table The european framework Less Sensitive Areas (Art. 6) Deadline Action 31/12/1993 MS identification 31/12/1998 WWTP to reduce the pollutants for agglomerations of more than 10 000 p.e 31/12/1998 Limit values fixed on Annex II sect. B Small Agglomerates (Art. 7) Deadline WWTP 31/12/2005 Less than 2000 p.e. (discharge in fresh waters) 31/12/2005 Less than 10.000 p.e. (discharge in coastal waters

8. DIR 1991/271/EU: the time tableDIR 1991/271/EU: the time table The european framework The industrial sectors (Art. 13) Deadline Action 31/12/2000 WWTP to reduce the pollutants for agglomerations of more than 4000 p.e 31/12/2000 Annex III list of industrial sectors 31/12/1993 C.A. set requirements appropriate to the nature of the industry concerned for the discharge of such waste water

9. Directive 2000/60/CE WFD The european framework A new approach An holistic view Polluter pays principle The role of river basin management plan The achievment of good state before 2015

10. Enhance surface and ground water protection Achieve good status for all waters by 31st December 2015 Manage water resources on the basis of river basins independent from the administrative structures Proceed with an action which unites emission limits and quality standards Remind all the water services of the right price representing better the real economic costs Allow citizens to participate in choices adopted The european framework

11. Annex X: detailed list 33 PS and PHS Decision 2455/2001/EC Directive 76/464/EEC List I Defined with criteria of toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation List II Substances with a deleterious effect on the aquatic environment Elimination of pollution Reduction of pollution Annex VIII: generic list (main pollutants) River Basin Management Plans ERA Achievement of quality standards for human health protection and aquatic environment protection EQS Limit values fixation Water Monitoring: Surveillance, Operational and Investigative Monitoring Limit values and quality objectives fixed at European level, that must be applied in every member State National lists Directive 2000/60/EC DPSIR analysis Substances inventories: productive cycles and discharges characterization Local lists (river basin level) ERA EQSs and Limit values for local lists Targeted risk-based assessment Simplified risk- based assessment EUROPEANLEVELNATIONAL LEVEL LOCALLEVELRIVER BASIN N e w D i r. E U L e v e l Natio nal Local Level O l d D i r. The european framework Directive 2008/105/CE

12. The european framework The old approach was based on list of substances List of substance that is duty to eliminate List of substance that is duty to reduce A generic list of pollutants List of Priority substances List of Priority hazardous substances Achievement of good ecological status by 2015 Evaluation case by case of the EQs From the old approach to The new approach

13. It is the general expression of the status of a body of surface water, determined by the poorer of its ecological status and its chemical status SOME DEFINITIONS (DIR 2000/60/UE) River basin River basin means the area of land from which all surface run- off flows through a sequence of streams, rivers and, possibly, lakes into the sea at a single river mouth, estuary or delta. The european framework Surface water statusGood surface water chemical status Good surface water chemical status means the chemical status required to meet the environmental objectives for surface waters established in Article 4(1)(a), that is the chemical status achieved by a body of surface water in which concentrations of pollutants do not exceed the environmental quality standards established in Annex IX and under Article 16(7), and under other relevant Community legislation setting environmental quality standards at Community level.

14. PollutionPollution The direct or indirect introduction, as a result of human activity, of substances or heat into the air, water or land which may be harmful to human health or the quality of aquatic ecosystems or terrestrial ecosystems directly depending on aquatic ecosystems, which result in damage to material property, or which impair or interfere with amenities and other legitimate uses of the environment SOME DEFINITIONS (DIR 2000/60/UE) PollutantPollutant any substance liable to cause pollution, in particular those listed in Annex VIII ANNEX VIII: INDICATIVE LIST OF THE MAIN POLLUTANTS 1. Organohalogen compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the aquatic environment 2. Organophosphorous compounds 3. Organotin compounds 4. Substances and preparations, or the breakdown products of such, which have been proved to possess carcinogenic or mutagenic properties or properties which may affect steroidogenic, thyroid, reproduction or other endocrine-related functions in or via the aquatic environment 5. .. The european framework

15. Targets and deadlines (Art. 4) The european framework Before 2015 Surface waters Good environmental status Progressively reducing pollution from priority substances and ceasing or phasing out emissions, discharges and losses of priority hazardous substances Underground waters Before 2015 Good environmental status Reverse any significant and sustained upward trend in the concentration of any pollutant resulting from the impact of human activity in order progressively to reduce pollution of groundwater.

16. Targets and deadlines (Art. 4) The european framework Before 2006 Enforcement of monitoring plan Before 2020 Reduction of PHS Water-pricing policies Polluters pays priciples Before 2010

17. Targets and deadlines (Art. 4) The european framework Before 2012 Controls on points and diffused sources (Art. 10) Program of measure (art. 11) Before 2009 Enforcement of measures (art. 11) Before 2021

18. The unique case of Venice Lagoon A hystory of laws, protection acts and pollution Law 16 April 1973 Decree 23 4 98 Decree 16 12 98 Decree 09 02 99 Decree 26 05 99 Decree 30 07 99

19. The catchment basin

20. The Venice lagoon and its catchment basin Surface: 2000 Km2 Outfalls: 24 Total annual mean flow: 22 m3 /s Industrial discharge permit in 2003: 238 Industrial annual flow: 0,76 m3 /s Inhabitants: 1.000.000 Municipalities: 108 Main rivers: Dese, Zero, Marzenego, Osellino, Lusore, Muson, Tergola

21. The Venice Lagoon 550 Km2 510 Km2 of water surface 40 Km2 Islands (among which 117 islands forms Venice)

22. The role of the national legislation Venice lagoos has a special legislation with special emission limit (very low) The definition of limits was made on the basis of experimental monitoring Evaluation of the industrial cycles and their emission Analysis of WWTP emission Analysis of the Catchment Basin

23. The role of the Enviromental Agency Art. 10 WFD: combined approach Controls of the emissions on the use of B.A.T. Controls of emission limit values Best enviromental practices on diffuse sources The DPSIR (Driving forces, Pressures, States, Impacts, Responses) is the concectual model used to accordance with Artt. 5,8,10, 13 of WFD Controls Modelling

24. The role of the Enviromental Agency on Industry Emission Evaluation of the existing plant and existing emission point Evaluation of the quality of the emission 117 Emission points Project ISPERIA Project DRAIN

25. The industrial area of Porto Marghera DM26/5/99: Analysis of industrial emission in Porto Marghera Project ISPERIA

26. The industrial areas in the Catchment basin The industrial districts The evaluation of the industrial emission from specific industrial sectors Project DRAIN

27. The discharge limit values in Venice Lagoon Class of substances or categories Total number of substances per class/category Priority substances per class/category N. of analyzed substances Metals 6 4 6 Organometals 6 2 3 Policyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 9 9 6 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 37 5 14 Nitroaromatics 7 - 0 Alophenols 9 1 2 Anilines e derivatives 5 - 0 Pesticides 54 14 29 Semivolatile Organic Compounds 8 1 1 Other compounds 19 8 2 Total 160 44 63

28. The pressure sources Nitrogen surplus from agricoluture UWWTP Industrial Areas

29. Pollutant 2008 EQS Italian Regulati ons (g/L) EQS for the Venice area (g/L) EQS Dir.2008/105 Inland surface waters Average annual value (g/L) Limit values for discharges in the catchment area of the Venice lagoon (g/L) Cadmium 1^ 0.01 0.08 5 (1) Mercury 1^ 0.005 0.01 3 (0,5) Nickel 20^ 0.5 20 100 Lead 10^ 0.03 7.2 50 (10) Total PAH 0.2^ 0.06 (Lagoon ) Benzo(a)pi rene 0.004 D* 0.003 M-L 0.003 (Lagoon ) 0.05 The discharge limit value

30. The limit emission for the catchment basin A dedicated monitoring network that check: Macropolluntants Micropolluntants EBI

31. From bottom to top The enforcement at local level of the Dir. 1991/676/Ce (Nitrate directive) The role of IPPC permits for industrial plant (for example galvanic industry) Agricultural use of sewage sludge: a dedicated legislation

32. A special WWTP: PIF (Progetto Integrato Fusina) A unique platform able to treat: More than 110.000 m3/d of urban wastewater More than 50.000 m3/d of industrial wastewater and water from remediation areas A group of installation SG 31 Incinerator Plant for sludge and WWTP Area 23h Soil and Rock management Isola delle Tresse: dedging sludge management Phytoremediation

33. Urban Waste Water Industrial Waste Water FUSINA WWTP Industrial WWTP Lagoon Phytoremediation Industrial water (reuse) Incinerator SG31 (sludge) PIF Flow chart

34. SG 31 Incinerator and WWTP FBR plant for incineration of industrial and urban sludge MBR plant to recuce the productio of sludge

35. Phytoremediation Costructed wetland: 110 ha 100.000 mc/d The lagoon area presents some specific enviromental conditions The acquatic plants: Phragmites australis Typha latifolia Schoienoplectus lacustris Nynfhea alba

36. the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection and Prevention in the Veneto operative since October 1997 Organised as a network throughout the region has more than 1000 employees and the following organisation AAgenziagenzia RRegionale per laegionale per la PProtezione erotezione e PPrevenzionerevenzione AAmbientale delmbientale del VVenetoeneto (Veneto(Veneto Regional Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency)Regional Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency) Who ARPAVARPAV is Head Office focuses on general strategy, administration and management 7 Provincial Departments 2 Regional Departments (Laboratories, Land management -Meteorological, Avalanches and Agro- Environmental). 9 Tematic centres of excellence (Air, Water-internal, transitional and Adriatic sea, Physical Agents, Soils, Wastes, industrial risks and polluted sites, meteorological centre, avalanche centre)

37. Conclusion The role of knowledge of the territory The role of technologies A Bottom-Top approach Many roles to play = Many actors = more coordination Finish line Marathon de Sable

38. RoutineRoutine Best Practice:Best Practice: control typologiescontrol typologies RoutineRoutine colour, turbidity, odour, taste, residual chlorine, pH, conductivity, ammonia, nitrite, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, coliphorm bacteria at 37C E. coli, Enterococci Herbicides Orgnochlorine compounds Metals (if requested) verification Clostridium perfringens, algae, nematods with free life, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aerug., count of colony 22C e 36C, mushrooms, staph. pat., Al, As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, Fe, Hg Total Pesticides PAH Dry residual at 180C, total hardness, Kubel, Na, CN, F, TOC

39. S c h e m e o f In s titu tio n s c o o p e r a tin g o n im p le m e n ta tio n o f th e w a te r f r a m e w o r k d ir e c tiv e 2 0 0 0 / 6 0 / E C M in is try o f A g ric u ltu re M in is try o f H e a lth M in is try o f In fra s tru c tu re a n d T ra n s p o rt A P A T A u th o rity o n th e w a te r re s o u rc e s a n d w a s te s W a te r B a s in A u th o rity A R P A W a te r C y c le S e rv ic e A A T O P ro v in c e s M u n ic ip a litie s R e g io n s M in s try o f E n v iro n m e n t

40. Information and reports on environmental topics www.arpa.veneto.it Thanks Contact: Francesco Loro ARPAV Tel: +39.348.064.43.62 Mail: lorofrancesco@gmail.com / floro@arpa.veneto.it Aknowledgement: Marco Ostoich - ARPAV