Water Footprints of Nations From: Hoekstra, A.Y., & Chapagain, A.K. (2007) Water footprints of...
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Transcript of Water Footprints of Nations From: Hoekstra, A.Y., & Chapagain, A.K. (2007) Water footprints of...
Water Footprints of Nations
From: Hoekstra, A.Y., & Chapagain, A.K. (2007) Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Water Resource Management 21: 35-48.
What is a country’s water footprint?
“…The amount of water needed for the production of the goods and
services consumed by the inhabitants of that country.”
» Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2007
What are the two parts of a water footprint?
Internal Water
FootprintWater used
from sources inside the country
External Water
FootprintWater used outside a
country to make stuff that’s imported in
The Four Reasons There are four
big things that affect size of a water footprint
How much is CONSUMED
The more ‘things’ people buy, the more water is being used.
People in more developed countries use and waste… because they can always buy more!
#1
What is CONSUMED
The type of ‘things’ that are bought in the country.
Different products use different amounts of water. For example, meat and steel are expensive in terms of money and water.
#2
What the CLIMATE is
More water is wasted in dry countries than in wet when trying to grow food.
Water is lost to evaporation when irrigating crops. Crops must be watered more often, too.
#3
How they FARM
Crops can be watered more or less efficiently.
How efficient irrigation is in a country affects its water footprint.
Efficient farming depends on money, education and politics.
#4
Water Footprints of Nations
Water Footprints in cubic metres per person per year.• Red: Above Global Average• Green: At or Below Global Average
Development Level
• Advanced economies: Blue • Developing countries: Orange & Red
– More developed economies: Orange– Least developed economies: Red
1.Many countries with advanced development have large water footprints. Why do you think this is?
2.Some less developed countries have large water footprints. Why do you think this is?
Thinking back over the presentation, answer the following questions: