Water Chemistry in Steam Generators: Opportunities for Investigation IAPWS Workshop – Canadian...
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Transcript of Water Chemistry in Steam Generators: Opportunities for Investigation IAPWS Workshop – Canadian...
Water Chemistry in Steam Generators:Opportunities for Investigation
IAPWS Workshop – Canadian National Committee 11 May 2009
Proprietary and Confidential
Who Is B&W
Supercritical Boilers
Baghouses
Wet Scrubbers
Pulp & Paper
Renewables
Small Industrial Boilers
Subcritical Boilers
Nuclear Steam Generators
Dry Scrubbers
SCR Systems
Replacement Parts
Auxiliary Equipment
Construction
Electric Utilities
Nuclear Services
Customers• Utility Companies• Industries• Pulp & Paper Mills
Original Equipment• Supercritical Boilers• Subcritical Boilers• Small Industrial “Package” Boilers• Nuclear Steam Generators• Environmental Equipment
• Baghouses/Fabric Filters• Particulate Control Systems
• Wet/Dry SO2 Scrubbers
• Selective Catalytic NOx Reduction (SCR)
Aftermarket Products/Services• Construction• Replacement Parts• Plant Upgrades• Manufacturing
.2
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .3
We Wrote The Book… We Wrote The Book… Steam: Its Generation and UseSteam: Its Generation and Use
Proprietary and Confidential
History of Babcock & Wilcox in Canada
1844 Small foundry starts in Cambridge, Ontario
1859 John Goldie and Hugh McCulloch purchase foundry
1923 Goldie and McCulloch amalgamate with B&W
1963 B&W becomes sole owner
1978 McDermott International, Inc. purchases B&W
1999 Last major plant expansion
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .5
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Schematic - NuclearSteam Generator
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .6
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Stress Corrosion Cracking Intergranular Attack
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .7
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Schematic - Utility RadiantBoiler
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .8
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Schematic - Oil & Gas FiredIndustrialBoiler
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .9
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Long Term Overheat/Creep
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .10
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Long Term Overheat/Creep
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .11
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .12
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .13
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Steam Generator Water Treatment Initiatives
Nuclear Steam Generation• All volatile treatment (AVT)• Advanced amines for pH control• Polymer dispersants for deposition control
Thermal Steam Generation• Congruent phosphate treatment• Reducing AVT• Equilibrium phosphate• Polymer dispersants/• Oxygenated treatment (OT)
Few Initiatives over the Last 10-Years
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .14
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Deposition/Fouling Research Needs
Oxide Growth/Corrosion Product Generation (CPG)Corrosion Product Transport (CPT)
• Filterable/Non-filterable materials• Sampling
Steam Generator (Boiler) Fouling (SGF)• Systematic study of variables• Hard collars versus loose sludge• Influence of silica (slippage through water treatment plant/role in
deposition, etc.)
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .15
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Example of a Hard Collar
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .16
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Variables to be Considered in Deposition Studies
Heat FluxFluid VelocityParticle ConcentrationFilterable/Non-Filterable MaterialsChemical Treatment and ImpuritiesSurface RoughnessFlowParticle Size DistributionTemperature
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .17
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Oxide Formation/Dissolution/Exfoliation
Oxide on Austenitic Material
Supercritical Conditions
Oxide on Austenitic Material
Supercritical Conditions
Proprietary and Confidential
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Oxide formation in steam generator environment
Oxides on Alloy 690 after exposure in AVT water (a) and AVT water+830ppm SO4 (b) for 1000 hr at 282C
(a) (b)
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .19
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Role/Nature of Organics
Boiler Tolerance for Individual Organic CompoundsEffects on Deposition Process
• Deposit enhancers• Deposit inhibitors• Resulting deposit morphology
Thermal Stability/Decomposition Products• Nature of decomposition products• Steam partitioning
Effects on Boiler Performance• Effects on nucleate boiling• Foaming characteristics
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .20
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Boiler Carryover in a Superheater Tube
Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .21
Opportunities in Steam Generation
Integrated Exposure/Crevice Chemistry
Integrated Exposure Concept• Relative assessment of impurities collecting in crevices• Being used on a relatively simplistic basis at many plants• Improved correlations would be useful
CPG/CPT/SGFRole of OrganicsSteam PartitioningExamine/Improve Crevice Chemistry Predictive Codes
• EPRI MULTEQ• AECL ChemSolv™