Water Beneath the Surface
description
Transcript of Water Beneath the Surface
By: Melbert Tabada Jumawan Jr.
Where does the water of rivers and lakes came from?
Is it possible that rocks can be a good storage of water?
Groundwater
Belt of Soil Moisture
Intermediate Belt
Distribution and Movement of Water Underground
Water Table
Two factors that affect the distribution and movement of groundwater
Water Beneath the Surface
1. Porosity2. Permeability
- Aquifers
- Aquitards e.g. clay
Water Beneath the Surface
Unconfined aquifer system
Classification of groundwater aquifers
Classification of groundwater aquifers
Confined aquifer system
Water Beneath the Surface
what factors influence how groundwater is stored inaquifers?Factors controlling natural recharge:a. amount of moisture used by vegetation
b. nature of precipitation eventc. presence of subsurface barriersd. amount of groundwater used by humans
Spring
Water Beneath the SurfaceNatural Resources of Water
Water Beneath the SurfaceNatural Resources of Water
Hot Springs
Jigokudani hotspring in Nagano Japan
Natural Use of Groundwater
• Geysers
Water Beneath the Surface
Strokkur, Iceland
Water Beneath the Surface
Artesian WellArtesian Spring
Artesian Well
Wells
Water Beneath the Surface
A well is a hole bored into the zone of saturation.
Caves
Cave
Travertine
Geologic Activity of Groundwater
Caverns
Water Beneath the Surface
Characteristics of features found within caverns
1. stalactites 2. stalagmites3. columns
Geologic Activity of Groundwater
Karst Topography
Water Beneath the Surface
Irregular topography
• Sinkholes—surface depressions Common features
Examples of Karst Topography
El Torcal (Antequera - Spain)
Limestone pavement in Dent de Crolles, France
Examples of Sinkholes
Alapaha River, Florida
A special type of sinkhole – formed by rainwater leaking through the pavement and
carrying dirt into a ruptured sewer pipe.
Environmental Problems Associated with Groundwater
Water Beneath the Surface
Overuse and contamination threatens groundwater supplies in some areas.•1. Treating it as a nonrenewable resource
• 2. Land subsidence caused by its withdrawal
• 3. Contamination
• 4. Salt water intrusion
Land Subsidence
References:http://science.pppst.com/groundwater.html http://www.pref.osaka.jp/en/attraction/
culture/aquapolis/img/wakimizu.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquiferhttp://website.lineone.net/~polar.publishing/
geysersoficeland.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_springhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Artesian_Well.pnghttp://www.geo.ua.edu/intro03/PDFs/
Groundwater.pdf
http://groundwater.oregonstate.edu/groundwater/images/depressionb.gif
http://www.swisseduc.ch/stromboli/perm-small/bagni_san_filippo/icons/bagni_san_filippo_08.jpg
http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=saltwater%20intrusion&imgurl
http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=sinkholes&imgurl
http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=groundwater&imgurl