Water-based PVDF Coatings for Sustainable Design III

Arkema Inc. Technical Polymers 900 First Ave., Bldg. #10 King of Prussia, PA 19406 Phone: 484-678-7243 Toll Free: 800.KYNAR.500 Web: www.kynar500.com Contact Us

©2019. The material contained in this continuing education program belongs to Arkema Inc. Questions or concerns about the program content need to be addressed with the program instructor.

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AK09-W10

This continuing education program is sponsored and provided to you due to the professional courtesy of: Water-based PVDF Coatings

for Sustainable Design III

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Promotional Statement Slide

The American Institute of Architects –Course No. AK09-W10; LUs- 1.00 - This program qualifies for HSW creditArchitect-Forum is a registered provider with The American Institute Of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates Of Completion for non-AIA members available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA .of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

This course has been design as a structured asynchronous program therefore has been formatted for online use only. Please don’t forget to print your AIA/CES Certificate of Completion. Successful completion is scoring 80% or higher on your final exam. If you wish to print later you can access all certificates from you’re A-F transcript center.

IIBECInternational Institute of Building Enclosure Consultants - www.iibec.orgCEHs: 1.00This course qualifies for HSW.This course is approved for IIBEC CEHs. Users are to self-report to IIBEC by submitting their certificate of completion to IIBEC

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Course Description

This course describes the basics of water-based PVDF coatings and how they help attain sustainability goals. The course begins with a brief description of the components of a weatherable coating, and describes the function of each. Because of its critical role in the weatherability and sustainability properties of water-based PVDF coatings, the chemistry of the carbon-fluoride bond is also described.

After these basics, the focus of the course moves to defining what some of the key terms surrounding sustainability mean, and delves into the details of three important sustainability programs as they pertain to coatings:

– The ENERGY STAR Roof Products Program. – USGBC’s LEED Program. – California’s Title 24 Cool Roofs Program.

The course concludes with an explanation of how water-based PVDF coatings work to help attain various sustainability goals, and provides two case studies.

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Learning Objectives

After completing this course, you will be able to:1. Describe the functional properties of each primary component of a weatherable

coating.2. Describe how the gloss and color fade of various kinds of weatherable coatings

compare.3. Describe the key functional differences between water-based and solvent-based

fluoropolymer coatings.4. Compare the performance of PVDF coatings to other kinds of weatherable coatings.5. For each of these rating systems, describe the sustainability requirements that

pertain to water-based PVDF coatings:1. ENERGY STAR Roof Products Program.2. LEED requirements within multiple credit categories.3. Title 24 Cool Exterior Roofs and Ceilings.

6. Describe three specific ways that water-based PVDF coatings can contribute to sustainable buildings.

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Overview of Weatherable Coatings

Module 1

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Module 1: Objectives

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

• State a working definition of a weatherable coating.• Describe the functional properties of each of the four

primary components of a weatherable coating. • Describe the significance of two key performance

properties of coatings. • Describe how each of these kinds of weatherable

coatings compare in terms of gloss and color fade: – Acrylics – Polyurethanes – Polyester – Silicone Polyester – Fluoropolymers

• Describe the key functional differences between water-based and solvent-based fluoropolymer coatings.

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Overview of How Coatings Work

A weatherable coating has a high Retention of color and gloss while protecting the substrate from degradation.

Coatings are generally classified Into Two Categories:1. Water-Based Coatings2. Solvent-Based Coatings

Pigment

Binder

Solvent

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Overview of How Coatings Work (Cont.)

• Liquid coatings are made up of three main components: – Pigment – Solvent – Binder (resin)

• Additives may be used in small amounts in comparison to the main ingredients. They include: – Flatting agents– Rheology modifiers– Wetting agents– Curing agents

ADDITIVES

Binder

Solvent

Pigment

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The Function of the Solvent

The primary function of the solvent is to:

– Disperse/dissolve solids. – Help film coalescence. – Control viscosity.

Solvents are chosen for compatibility with the paint system used and for evaporation rate.

Pigment

Binder

Solvent

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The Function of the Binder

• The primary function of binder or resin is to act as the “glue” for all the components in a coating.

• The binder also allows for curing the coating, which increases the physical strength and chemical resistance of the coating. The binder is the primary source for the coating’s durability and physical properties.

• Binders differ in their ability to withstand UV degradation, which is one of the criteria for choosing a coating.

Pigment

Binder

Solvent

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The Function of the Pigment

Pigment affects the coating in two ways: – Pigment provides color. – Pigment provides opacity to ultraviolet (UV) light,

which ensures a longer life for the coating. Pigments also increase the porosity and hardness of the coating. Types of pigments include:

– Mass tones – Tints – Metallics

Pigment

Binder

Solvent

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The Function of the Pigment (Cont.)

Pigments are comprised of three parts:

1. Primary commonly composed of titanium dioxide. The amount greatly impacts the hiding capabilities of the coating and UV protection.

2. Secondary pigments such as calcium carbonate, mica, silicas, talc and have little to no impact on hiding. They are used as fillers to help control viscosity, leveling, and sheen.

3. Colorants are tinting liquids dispersed to bring the paint to the final color.

Primary

Secondary

Colorants

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ignTwo Key Performance

Properties of Coatings

Gloss• Gloss is a subjective term used to describe the relative amount and nature of mirror-like

reflection, the shine of its appearance. % gloss retention is used in the coatings industry to compare gloss ratings over time. The graph shows the % gloss retention for several different resin based systems. All coatings other than PVDF resin based coatings lost more than half their original gloss within 2-5 years.

• Gloss changes from high to low over time. The reduction in gloss is an indicator of the breakdown of the polymer that makes up the backbone of the coating, the binder.

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Color Fade

• Color fade is the change of color of pigmented paint due to effects of light, heat, time, temperature, and chemicals.

As with the dimming of gloss over time, the fading of color also reflects the breakdown of the polymer that gives the binder of the coating its strength.

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How Different Kinds of Coatings Compare

• In this topic we will compare the gloss and color-fade performance characteristics of each of these kinds of weatherable coatings: – Acrylics – Polyurethanes – Polyester – Silicone Polyester – Fluoropolymers

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How Different Kinds of Coatings Compare (Cont.)

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Focus on Fluoropolymer-based Coatings

Water-based Versus Solvent-based PVDF Fluoropolymer Coatings• Since 1965, PVDF fluoropolymer coatings were restricted to solvent-based, factory-applied

systems. In 2006, a water-based PVDF fluoropolymer coating was introduced to the market.• The two kinds of coatings are equivalent when compared on the key performance criteria we’ve

examined, gloss and color fade, but the water-based coating is low in VOCs and can be field-applied to multiple substrates.

• Both kinds of coatings are equally good at retaining color and gloss in exterior exposure, and they perform better than other conventional coatings in exposure tests as shown in the previous lesson.

• VOC content of water-based PVDF fluoropolymer coatings is less than 140 g/l compared to greater than 400 g/l for solvent based PVDF fluoropolymer coatings.

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ignWater-based Versus Solvent-based PVDF Fluoropolymer

Coatings (Cont.)

• Water-based fluoropolymer coatings can be field applied or factory applied; solvent-based fluoropolymers can only be factory applied.

• Water-based fluoropolymer coatings can be applied over aged coatings for color restoration. • Water-based fluoropolymer coatings can be applied to multiple surfaces:

– Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) roofing membranes.

– Concrete, synthetic, and asphalt tiles and shingles. – PVC, polyester pultrusion, aluminum window and door frames. – Previously coated metal substrate including roofing and siding.

• How water-based PVDF coatings help attain sustainable roofs will be the focus of the rest of this course.

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Basics of PVDF Coatings

Module 2

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Module 2: Objectives

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

1. Describe the relationship between the carbon-fluoride chemical bond and the basic properties of PVDF coatings.

2. Describe some of the basic properties of PVDF coatings.

3. Compare the performance of PVDF coatings to other kinds of weatherable coatings.

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The C–F Bond

• The carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest known. This molecule is the basis of the PVDF polymer. Because of the strength of this bond, it resists attack from all the normal forces of degradation that coatings are subject to: – Chemical alteration from atmospheric pollution. – Weather. – Ultraviolet radiation (UV), which is the most destructive to conventional coatings.

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The C–F Bond (Cont.)

The strength of the C–F bond accounts for the Weatherability properties of PVDF coatings:

• Long Term Color Retention• Long Term Gloss Retention• Resistance to UV Degradation• Resistance to Chalking• Resistance to Algae and Fungal Growth

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ignSustainability and the Properties

of the C-F Bond

The properties of the C-F Bond account for resistance to plasticizer or asphalt migration and dirt pick up that can cause coating discoloration.

Plasticizers in PVC membranes, and asphalt in shingles and membranes, have properties that over the long term will cause coatings to discolor.

Due to the C-F bond, PVDF coatings have a relatively inert surface that resists dirt pick up

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Sustainable Design Programs and Water-based PVDF Coatings

Module 3

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Module 3: Objectives

After completing this module, you will be able to:1. State working definitions of:

– Sustainability – Sustainable building – A sustainable design

• Define the following terms and describe their use in specifications of sustainable design: – Solar reflectance and aged solar reflectance. – Emittance or emissivity. – Solar Reflectance Index (SRI). – Volatile organic compound (VOC). – Total Solar Reflectance (TSR).

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Module 3: Objectives (Cont.)

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

• Describe these sustainability rating systems: – ENERGY STAR – USGBC’s LEED® Program – Title 24 Part 6 of California’s Energy Efficiency Standards

• For each of these rating systems, describe the sustainability requirements that pertain to water-based PVDF coatings: – ENERGY STAR Roof Products Program. – LEED requirements within multiple credit categories. – Title 24 Cool Exterior Roofs and Ceilings.

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Multiple Definitions and Time Frames

Working Definitions• Sustainability involves three fundamental considerations (Source: ASTM E2432-05): • Environmental. Minimizing the impact of the design, construction and operation of the structure

on the environment. • Economic. Enhancing the long-term value of the structure. • Social. Enhancing the safety, health and well-being of the occupants and the community. • Producing sustainable structures therefore necessarily requires the application of an integrated

design methodology. These three fundamentally dissimilar principles must conform to the design at every step, rather than simply retrofitting existing designs.

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Working Definitions (Cont.)

Sustainable Building. (Source: ASTM E2114-06a)

• Provides the building performance requirements specified by the design team;

• Minimizes disturbance to and even improves the functioning of local, regional, and global ecosystems;

• Performs in this fashion during its construction, specified service life, and for future generations.

Sustainable Design. The integrated practices involved in designing a sustainable building.

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The Life-cycle of a Sustainable Building

• The general principles already presented pertaining to sustainability apply to the full life-cycle of a building and its components, from material extraction, through design and construction, to operations, reuse or waste disposal of the building.

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ignSome Technical Terms

Used to Specify Sustainable Designs

Solar Reflectance• The fraction of solar energy reflected by a

surface expressed as a percent or within the range of 0 to 1.00.

• Total Solar Reflectance (TSR) is the sum of ultraviolet, visible and infrared reflectance.

• As a roof weathers over time, an aged solar reflectance may differ from the initial value. Aged reflectance is typically lower due to degradation and/or dirt retention on a roof surface.

Emittance or Emissivity • A measure of the radiant heat

energy emitted in the near infrared spectrum by a surface to the night sky, expressed as a percent or within the range of 0 to 1.0.

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ignSome Technical Terms

Used to Specify Sustainable Designs (Cont.)

Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) • A unit-less value calculated according to

ASTM E1980-01 using the solar reflectance, emittance and wind coefficients.

• The SRI provides an indication of the surface temperature with respect to a standard white (SRI =100) and a standard black (SRI = 0) under standard solar and ambient conditions.

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)• Organic chemical compounds that have

high enough vapor pressures under normal conditions to significantly vaporize and enter the atmosphere.

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ignOverview of Some

Sustainable Design Programs

• ENERGY STAR. In 1999, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Energy (DOE) introduced the Energy Star Roof Products Program, which quickly gained acceptance in the U.S. roofing industry. Version 2.0 was released as of January 1, 2008.

The Energy Star Roof Products Program was developed to help consumers recognize the importance of energy-efficient roof systems. The program's criteria are based on the solar-reflectance properties of a roof assemblies' exposed surfaces, and not, for example, the thermal insulation used as a roof assembly component.

• According to the EPA, Americans spend about $40 billion annually to air condition buildings, which requires one-sixth of all electricity generated in this country. Because of their reflectance properties, ENERGY STAR qualified roof products can reduce peak cooling demand by 10–15 percent.

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ignOverview of Some

Sustainable Design Programs (Cont.)

• USGBC’s LEED Program. The US Green Building Council developed the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED).

• LEED is a measurement system designed for rating new and existing commercial, institutional and residential buildings.

• LEED is a voluntary, whole building performance-based rating program. • LEED offers four levels of certification based on points awarded in the major

categories of – Sustainable Sites– Water Efficiency– Energy and Atmosphere– Materials and Resources,– Indoor Environmental Quality– Innovation & Design

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ignOverview of Some

Sustainable Design Programs (Cont.)

• Title 24 Part 6 of California’s Energy Efficiency Standards. These standards were established in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California's energy consumption.

• California's building efficiency standards (along with those for energy efficient appliances) have saved more than $56 billion in electricity and natural gas costs since 1978. It is estimated the standards will save an additional $23 billion by 2013.

• The 2008 version, that took in effect on April 2009, contains provisions for cool roofing on residential and non-residential buildings. The 2005 version currently in effect pertains only to low slope non-residential construction. There are prescriptive and performance based approaches to comply with the code.

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ignSustainable Design Requirements that Pertain to Water-

based PVDF Coatings

Overview • Each of the organizations has a broad mandate to

propagate requirements and guidelines pertaining to sustainable buildings.

• In this lesson we will review their specific sustainability requirements that pertain to water-based PVDF coatings.

• ENERGY STAR Roof Products Program. • LEED requirements within multiple credit categories. • Title 24 Cool Exterior Roofs and Ceilings.

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ENERGY STAR Roof Products Program

This labeling program identifies those roof products that are energy efficient as defined by EPA as follows: • The criteria for low slope roofing (≤ 2:12

slope) are: – Initial solar reflectance of 0.65. – 3-year aged solar reflectance of 0.50.

• The criteria for steep slope roofing (> 2:12 slope) are: – Initial solar reflectance of 0.25. – 3-year aged solar reflectance of 0.15.

• Samples of roofing products from outdoor exposure testing at commercial weathering farms or actual roof surfaces can be used for the aged solar reflectance measurements. ASTM methods E903, E1918 or C1549 can be used to measure the solar reflectance.

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ENERGY STAR Roof Products Program (Cont.)

• In version 2.0 the measured emittance values must be reported as well as the solar reflectance values.

• ASTM C1371 or ASTM E408 methods can be used to measure emittance. However, there is no minimum value required for emittance.

• Samples or roof panels can not be washed before the solar reflectance values are recorded.

• More information can be found on the ENERGY STAR website at www.energystar.gov.

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USGBC’s LEED Program

Roof Type Slope SRI

Low slope roof ≤2:12 78

Steep slope roof >2:12 29

• In practice, a low slope prepainted roof would require a minimum solar reflectance of 0.66 and the steep slope roof would require a minimum solar reflectance of 0.30 to qualify for the point.

Sustainable Sites Category. A roof coated with water-based PVDF paint systems can be eligible for Credit 7.2 Heat

Island Effect: Roof, which is worth one point. The criteria are: • Use roofing materials having a

solar reflectance index (SRI) equal to or greater than the values in the table below for a minimum of 75% of the roof surface:

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USGBC’s LEED Program (Cont.)

Energy & Atmosphere Category. A water-based PVDF paint system could be used to produce a cool or reflective roof surface and wall surface, which can help to reduce energy consumption and contribute to the points available for Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance.

Materials and Resources Category. When a substrate that has high recycled content is coated with a water-based PVDF paint system, the component can be included in the weighted average of the building’s recycled content which can contribute points in these credits:

– Credits 1.1 and 1.2 Building Reuse. – Credits 2.1 and 2.2 Construction Waste Management. – Credits 3.1 and 3.2 Materials Reuse. – Credits 4.1 and 4.2, Recycled Content, e.g., using water-based PVDF painted metal roofs and walls.

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USGBC’s LEED Program (Cont.)

Water Efficiency CategoryBecause a water-based PVDF painted roof system is inert and non toxic, it serves as an excellent surface for harvesting rainwater.

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USGBC’s LEED Program (Cont.)

• Indoor Environmental Quality Category. Water-based PVDF painted surfaces such as ceilings and walls have low or no VOC content. They can contribute to one point in Credit 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings. The requirements call for: – Architectural paints and coatings used on interior surfaces of buildings can not exceed the

VOC content limits established in Green Seal Standard GS-11, 1st edition, May 1993. – Anti-corrosive and anti-rust paints applied to interior ferrous metal substrates can not

exceed the VOC content limit of 250 g/L established in Green Seal Standard GC-03, 2nd edition, January 1997.

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California’s Title 24 Cool Exterior Roofs

Because the Title’s text is responsible for stating legal requirements, there are a number of options, references, and exceptions involved. For our purposes, the text has been simplified to bring out specific sets of requirements; these are intended as a guide to some of the specific requirements, not provide a full exposition of the Title. Section 143: Envelope Component Approach (prescriptive). There are three specific sections, ithrough iii:

i. For nonresidential buildings with low-sloped roofs, in climate zones 2-15: – A minimum 3-year aged solar reflectance of 0.55, and– A minimum emittance of 0.75, – Or, a minimum aged SRI of 64, and – Meet various requirements of Section 118, which are not listed here.

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California’s Title 24 Cool Exterior Roofs (Cont.)

ii. For nonresidential steep-sloped roofs with roofing products that have a roof weight of less than five pounds per square foot in climate zones 2-16:

– A minimum 3-year aged solar reflectance of 0.20, and– A minimum emittance of 0.75, – Or a minimum SRI of 16.

Steep-sloped roofing products that have a roof weight of five pounds per square foot or more in climate zones 1 through 16:

– A minimum 3-year aged reflectance of 0.15, and – A minimum emittance of 0.75, – Or a minimum SRI of 10.

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California’s Title 24 Cool Exterior Roofs (Cont.)

iii. For high-rise residential buildings and hotels and motels with low-sloped roofs in climate zones 10, 11, 13, 14, and 15:

– A minimum 3-year aged solar reflectance of 0.55, and– A minimum emittance of 0.75, – Or a minimum SRI of 64.

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Water-based PVDF Coatings and Sustainable Design: Two Case Studies

Module 4

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Module 4: Objectives

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

1. Describe how water-based PVDF coatings can contribute to sustainable buildings in each of these areas:1. VOC emissions.2. A longer life cycle for the roof.3. The reflectance of the roof.

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ignHow Water-based PVDF Coatings

Can Help with Sustainable Design

Water-based PVDF Coatings versus High VOC Content CoatingsOne sustainability goal with respect to coatings requires a reduction of emitted VOCs. The use of water-based PVDF coatings provides a significant advantage for the architect with this sustainability goal.

– A typical water-based PVDF coating has a VOC level of 120 g/l vs. a VOC level greater than 500 g/l for a typical solvent based coating.

Water-based PVDF Coatings120 g/1

Acrylic120 g/1

Solvent

500 g/1VOC EMMISSIONS

Initial Application Time - Zero21 years

0 years

7 years

14 years

Click to see application by year

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ignA Robust Coating Helps

Extend the Life Cycle of the Roof

Putting a water-based PVDF coating on a roof can extend its expected life. For example, a typical roof with a membrane surface has an expected life of 15-25 years, and a typical metal roof could have an expected life of 30 years. Using a coating, the life of the roof can be extended:

– The life of a membrane-covered roof can be extended to greater than 30 years. – The life of a metal roof can be extended to greater than 40 years.

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Reflectance, Cool Roofs, and Energy Savings

Increasing the reflectance of a roof will cause it to absorb less solar energy, resulting in a cooler roof and a cooler building; all other things being equal, this will save energy. In California, these energy savings, and the consequent reductions in peak load, are the fundamental goal.

Consider the typical values shown in the table below:

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ignReflectance, Cool Roofs,

and Energy Savings (Cont.)

A colored PVDF system with reflective properties can enable a steep slope roof to have reflectance measures over 25%. In comparison, the value for a non-reflective coating is less than 5%.

Today’s housing stock is a mix of energy-saving and non-energy saving roofs. Approximately 32% of low slope roofs have a surface of black EPDM with a reflectance of less than 5%. A white, water-based PVDF coating can be field-applied, quickly converting an energy inefficient roof to a cool white roof with reflectance values greater than 85%.

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Water-based PVDF Coatings and Sustainable Design

Module 5

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Module 5: Objectives

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

1. Describe some of the sustainable functional properties and performance features of the two buildings reviewed in this module.

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Restoration and Repair of Metal Roofs

Broadway Truck Repair Center, Spokane Valley, WA• The Broadway Truck Repair Center is a 60,000 square foot corrugated steel facility located in

Spokane Valley, WA. This project included roofing repair and recoating of the open-door depot. In addition to a coating for waterproofing, a water-based PVDF coating was used for its solar reflectance properties.

Seams, fasteners, and equipment were detailed out with the waterproofing. One coat of metal primer at 8 wet mils and one coat of white water-based PVDF coating at 8 wet mils were used.

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Conroe ISD, Houston, TX

Conroe ISD in Houston, TX had a problem. Although their metal roof components still looked good after 10 plus years of exposure to the Texas sun, they were experiencing leaks at the seams and fasteners. Sealing these areas would also mean recoating the roof components to ensure uniform color throughout.

A water-based PVDF emulsion-based paint was used on this job. It was used on the metal as both a primer, before sealing the seams and fasteners, and as the finish coat.

This coating exhibits exceptional adhesion to metal components, and provides improved adhesion for many types of sealants. It was used as a finish coat due to its high durability and excellent color stability.

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Summary

By now you should be able to do the following.1. Describe the functional properties of each primary component of a weatherable coating.2. Describe how the gloss and color fade of various kinds of weatherable coatings compare.3. Describe the key functional differences between water-based and solvent-based fluoropolymer

coatings.4. Compare the performance of PVDF coatings to other kinds of weatherable coatings.5. For each of these rating systems, describe the sustainability requirements that pertain to water-

based PVDF coatings:1. ENERGY STAR Roof Products Program.2. LEED requirements within multiple credit categories.3. Title 24 Cool Exterior Roofs and Ceilings.

6. Describe three specific ways that water-based PVDF coatings can contribute to sustainable buildings.

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Questions For The Next Ten Minutes

• This concludes the course material.

• The following ten minutes will be for taking a short exam. You must complete the exam with a 80% or higher in order to receive credit.

• Please make sure and print your certificates of completion either for AIA/CES or for state MCE credit.

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MRS001

This continuing education program is sponsored and provided to you due to the professional courtesy of:

Thank You For Your Time!

Arkema Inc. Fluoropolymers 900 First Ave., Bldg. #10 King of Prussia, PA 19406 Phone: 610-205-7898 Toll Free: 800.KYNAR.500 Web: www.kynar500.com Contact Us

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Water-based PVDF Coatings for Sustainable Design III

©2019. The material contained in this continuing education program belongs to Arkema Inc. Questions or concerns about the program content need to be addressed with the program instructor.

This concludes the continuing education program. Please proceed to take the exam.

AK09-W10

• In order for you to get credit for this programyou must successfully complete the followingshort exam.

• Pass for this exam is 80% or higher.• Please make sure and print your certificates of

completion either for AIA/CES or for state MCEcredit.

• Please print your Certificate of Completion uponsuccessful completion. You can print the certificate from your A-F transcript any time after completion.

Don’t forget to print your AIA Certificate of Completion. Architect-Forum will process all AIA credits on your behalf. If you forget to print the certificate you can access from your Architect-Forum Transcript Center.

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