Water 202: Turning Audits and CEWWEs Into Successful ... · PDF file432 and the Army...

Leadership. Energy. Execution.UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 107 OCT 2017

Water 202: Turning Audits and CEWWEs

into Successful Projects

Mission Resilience & Sustainability Training

Presented By:Varun Sood – 63rd Readiness Division

Emily Wendel - PNNL Kate McMordie Stoughton – PNNL

Brian Boyd - PNNL


Speakers

• Emily Wendel• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory• Building Performance Evaluation

Technical Team Lead• [email protected]

• Varun Sood• Sain Engineering Associates, Inc.• Resource Efficiency Manager• 63rd Readiness Division• [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Speakers

• Kate McMordie Stoughton• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory• Engineer – Water Team Lead• [email protected]

• Brian Boyd• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory• Engineer• [email protected]




Learning Objectives

• This session will address these questions:

• What are the greatest challenges and opportunities for water projects for each Installation and RSC?

• Which types of projects are typically the most cost effective for the Army Reserve?

• How do I calculate the correct water rate for each project type?

• What resources are available for standardizing water efficiency projects across a region or installation?


Project Challenges

Low SIR

Lack of

Command

Interest

Lack of

Opportunities

Using Other

Funding

Don’t Get

Funded

Not My Area

of Expertise

Low Priority


What are the largest challenges to successfully

completing water projects at your RSC or Installation?


Varun Sood63rd Readiness Division


Why Develop Water Projects?

• Aging Infrastructure

• Population Growth

• Regional Droughts

• Increasing Utility Rates


Water Audit

• Use a proper checklist to document existing equipment and usage patterns

– Take pictures of nameplate data

– Interview facility maintenance staff

• Use proper tools to document information such as flow rates or building water pressure

– Water pressure gauge

– Water flow bag

– Leak detection tablets


Water Audit Checklist


Audit Tools


Water Balance

• Use the data from the walkthrough to perform an end use analysis


Identify Potential Projects

• Plumbing Retrofits

• Fix Water Leaks

• Install Smart Meters

• Reduce Irrigation Use

• Rainwater Harvesting

• Vehicle Wash Recycling

• Reduce Sewer Charges ($ Savings)

• Reduce fixed meter charges ($ savings)


How to Fund Projects

• QUTM Funds

• ERCIP Projects

• SRM Projects

• PM Contractor & GPC Purchase

• 3rd party financing – bundle with energy


63d Division Initiative #1

Standardizing Plumbing Equipment


Objective

• Create a standardized plumbing equipment specification for the entire region

• Specify water flow rate requirements and use proven technologies

• Eliminate expensive replacement parts and reduce equipment failures

• Save water and O&M costs


Toilets and Urinals

• Flushometer Toilet Replacement

– Max flow rate of 1.28 gallons per flush

• Tank-type Toilet Replacement

– Install pressure-assisted WaterSense labeled toilet

– Max flow rate of 1.0 gallon per flush

• Urinal Replacement

– WaterSense labeled fixtures

– Max flow rate of 0.13 gallons per flush


Flush Valve Specification

• Install piston type flush valves and eliminate the use of diaphragm valves

• Eliminate the use of battery powered or electronic flush valves to reduce maintenance

• Eliminate flush volume adjustments


Diaphragm vs. Piston

Bypass orifice

can become

clogged,

which causes

long flush

cycles and

water waste


Restroom Lavatories

• Install tamper proof faucet aerators

• Max flow rates for public restrooms:

– Manual faucets – 0.5 gallons per minute

– Automatic faucets – 0.25 gallons per cycle (retrofits only)

• Max flow rates for private restrooms:

– 1.5 gallons per minute

– WaterSense labeled faucet aerators

• Eliminate battery powered and electronic faucets


Showerheads

• Install WaterSense labeled products only

• Install tamper proof showerheads

• Max flow rate of 2.0 gallons per minute

• Eliminate showerhead flow rate adjustment


63d Division Initiative #2

Reduce Irrigation Costs


Objective

• Started the initiative in response to the CA drought and increasing water fees


Advantages

• Xeriscape/native landscape projects help reduce water consumption

• Reduction in grounds maintenance costs

• Visually attractive landscapes

• Drought tolerant


Scope of Work

• Remove existing grass turf and plants that require constant irrigation

• Provide chemical treatment, weed fabric, trimming and clearing

• Install new landscape consisting of river rock, boulders, artificial turf and native plant species

• Install drip irrigation (if necessary)


Project Funding

• SRM Funds

– Four (4) projects completed

• QUTM Funds

– One (1) funded project

– One (1) unfunded project

• MILCON Program

– Two (2) projects under construction

– Three (3) projects in design phase


Project Examples


Helpful Links

• FEMP Water Efficiency Resources:

– http://energy.gov/eere/femp/best-management-practices-water-efficiency

• EPA Resources:

– http://www.epa.gov/watersense/

• PNNL Resources:

– http://sustainable.pnnl.gov/water.stm

• Alliances for Water Efficiency:

– http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/

http://energy.gov/eere/femp/best-management-practices-water-efficiency

http://www.epa.gov/watersense/

http://sustainable.pnnl.gov/water.stm

http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/


Emily WendelPacific Northwest National Laboratory


Evaluation Program Directives

Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 Section

432 and the Army Comprehensive Energy and Water

Evaluations (CEWE) Policy (23 Aug 2012) requires the Commands

to:

1. Evaluate 75% of installation’s energy and water every 4 years

(floor area may be used as a proxy)

• At least 25% of facilities evaluated per year

2. Conduct comprehensive energy and water evaluations that

must include:

• Energy and water retrofit measures

• Re- or retro-commissioning measures


Net Zero CEWWE

Controls Focused CEWWE

Standard CEWWE

Remote Controls Evaluation

Desk Eval.

5 Types of Facility Evaluations

On-Site

Remote


Water’s Role in each CEWWE Type

• Net Zero: Deep water retrofits, conservation, and alternative water

• Controls Focused: Newer buildings, so plumbing focused

• Standard: Plumbing, irrigation and rainwater harvesting for vehicle wash

• Remote Controls: Interval meter analysis and benchmarking usage combined with occupancy data from controls

• Desk: Interval meter analysis and benchmarking usage, reviews of past projects implemented and/or identified


Overall ARIMD CEWWE Program Impact (FY14-17)

150 sites

$75M in projects

38% of SF

Energy

21% avg. savings per evaluation

10% savings for USAR overall

Water

25% avg. savings per evaluation

6% savings for USAR overall

Waste

47 sites evaluated

Recycling program

improvements


Water Conservation Savings and Investment Costs by Region

Overall Use, Mgal

Water Conservation PotentialInvestment,

$kMgal% of RSC

Use$k

63rd 30 2.6 9% 53 580

81st 39 2.0 5% 23 259

88th 93 9.1 10% 42 524

99th 14 0.2 2% 3 23

Water Conservation Opportunity


FY17 Water Conservation Potential


FY16 Water Conservation Potential


WUI Reduction (kgal/SF)


Economics by Region

RegionStandalone

ProjectsOverall

SPPOverall

SIR

88th 48% 12.5 1.099th 69% 8.2 1.581st 52% 10.8 1.163rd 52% 11.5 1.0


Economics by Measure

RetrofitType

Standalone Projects

Overall SPP

Overall SIR

Faucets 89% 1.3 9.5Showers 70% 3.8 3.1Urinals 10% 23.8 0.5Toilets 14% 20.0 0.6Other 23% 7.4 1.6


LCCA Calculations

• Economic Life: 15 years• Utility rates• Region• Water billing

WS

MWNE

Plumbing Tool Specific Inputs• Occupant schedule• Fixture types/counts• Fixture operating

parameters (flowrates)

Irrigation Tool Specific Inputs• Landscape type/area• Observed appearance• Irrigation season• Irrigation system

General Inputs


Economics• Simple Payback Period• SIR

Water Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Investment Costs• Design• Labor• Equipment• Overhead

Utility Savings• Electric, Natural Gas• Water• $ Savings

1391

Discount Factor

O&M Savings


Example 1

Using a Blended Rate for Water Analysis

Water Use

Water Cost

Blended Rate Estimate ($/kgal)

10 79.25 7.925

Sample bill Water Tariff

Use, kgal Cost, $ Blended Rate

2 $17.36 $8.68

3 $18.93 $6.31

14 $36.20 $2.59

Use, kgal Cost, $ Marginal Rate

2 $3.14 $1.57

3 $4.71 $1.57

14 $21.98 $1.57

Example 2

Total $ / Total Use Removing meter fees


Tips & Tricks, Common LCCA mistakes

2. When to use sewer rate (Yes for plumbing, Nofor irrigation, vehicle wash, cooling towers)

3. Not capturing O&M impact for alternative water

1. Misinterpreting units from water bills (CCF vs. kgal?)

4. Estimating savings way too high or way too low

5. Large amount of water unaccounted for


• Ways to bundle water projects

Across sites

Within a site/building

Project Development: Bundling Water

Measure Category

Total Savings ($/yr)

Investment ($)

Simple Payback (yr)

SIR

Building Envelope $4,784 $18,776 3.9 1.3

Controls $7,440 $12,666 1.7 1.2

Lighting $70,011 $1,087,449 15.5 1.0

Plumbing 1,835 107,686 58.7 0.2

Irrigation $10,042 $66,083 6.6 1.8

Other $413 $1,056 2.6 3.5

Total $94,525 $1,293,716 13.7 1.02


FY18-24 QUTM/POM Projects

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Wat

er S

avin

gs, k

gal

# o

f P

roje

cts

# of Projects

Water Savings


• PNNL can QA simple projects and can help develop more complicated projects

Project Development


Roundtable Discussion

• What are the largest challenges you face on

water projects?

• What are the largest opportunities you have

on water projects?

• What do you wish you could tell yourself one

year ago?

Water 202: Turning Audits and CEWWEs Into Successful ... · PDF file432 and the Army...

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