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WastewaterTreatment

CE 326 Principles of Environmental

EngineeringProf. Tim Ellis

Spring 2008

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Wastewater generationTABLE 1Typical wastewater flowrates from various sources

Flow, L/unit - d

Source Unit an!e Typical

Airport Passenger 8-15 11

Cabin, resort Person 30-190 150

Cafeteria Customer 4-11 8

Employee 30-45 38

Campground de!eloped" Person #5-150 115

Co$%tail lounge &eat 45-95 #5

Coffee s'op Customer 15-30 (3

)ormitory, bun%'ouse Person #5-190 150

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Collection Systems

Separate sewers Combined sewers

Combined sewer overflowsCombined sewer overflows

P'oto $ourtesy of *ater En!ironment +ederation Colle$tion &ystems Committee $. &ub$ommittee

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Regulationse!eral Water Pollution Control "egislation#

$S

Refuse Act of 1899

Water PollutionControl Act of 1948

Federal Water PollutionControl Act of 19!

Amendments tot"e FWPCA of 19!1

Water #ualityAct of 19!

Clean Water Restoration

Act of 19!!

Federal Water PollutionControl Act Amendmentsof 19$%&Clean Water Act'

Clean Water %ct of 19$$

(unicipal Wastewater )reatmentConstruction *rant Amendments of 1981

Water &ualit' %ct of 198$

+cean ,umping -anAct of 1988

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   .  n   /  u  e

  n   t

1' Preliminary

 )reatment

%' Primarysedimentation 0' -iological

ProcessCon2ersion tosettleable solids

4' Secondarysedimentation

' Sludge solids tofurt"ertreatment anddisposal

' Sludge solids tofurt"er

treatment anddisposal

   R  e  c  e   i  2   i  n  g  w

  a   t  e  r

Wastewater Treatment

Process steps

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our levels of wastewater treatme

P333333333333333  Screens

*rit remo2al

P333333333333333  Solids settling

S333333333333333 

-iological treatment Settling of biological solids

 )33333333333333 

Filtration

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Screens

stics5 rocs5 logs5 s"oes5 deadanimals5 etc6

*rit Remo2al

grit causes undue weardownstream unit processes

Wastewater Treatment

Preliminary )reatment

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Preliminary )reatmentScreens -ar Screens -ar Racs

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Preliminary )reatmentgrit remo2al

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Secondary )reatment

(iological treatmentClassi)cation of

microorganisms *' t+eir

c,,,,,, an! e,,,,,, source.

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Secondary )reatment

73333333333333333 tilie organic matter to supply t"eir

carbon and energy needs6

 )"ese are t"e predominant organisms

in biological wastewater treatmentplants5 responsible for con2ertingorganic pollutants to carbon dio:ide5

water5 and additional "eterotrop"ic biomass6

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Secondary )reatment

A3333333333333333 get t"eir energy from an inorganic

source and t"eir carbon from carbon dio:ide6

An e:ample of autotrop"s inwastewater treatment is nitrifyingbacteria6

;itri

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-iological )reatment

Classi)cation ofmicroorganisms *' t+eirt,,,,,,,,,, e,,,,,,,,,,

a,,,,,,,,,,

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Terminal electronacceptor

%,,,,,,,,,,,-microorganisms transfer electrons from

t"e energy source to o:ygen5 +%6

.n t"e process o:ygen and organic

matter is con2erted to carbon dio:ide5C+%5 and water5 7%+6

+:ygen is termed t"e terminal electronacceptor or )=A6

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Terminal electronacceptor

%,,,,,,,,,,,-microorganisms utilie some ot"er

o:idied compound to acceptelectrons6

.n t"e case of denitrifyingmicroorganisms5 nitrate5 ;+0>5 ser2es

as t"e )=A5 as nitrate is con2erted tonitrogen gas5 ;%

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Terminal electronacceptor

%,,,,,,,,,,,-utilie C+% and organic compounds as

terminal electron acceptors6

.n t"is process5 organic compounds are

con2erted to fermentation productsand carbon dio:ide6

.n anaerobic digestion of wastewatersolids5 t"e fermentation products are

con2erted to met"ane5

C745

and carbon dio:ide

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 )erminal =lectron Acceptor&)=A'

Pro$ess /EA Predominant 0ea$tions E1ample

Aerobi$

Aerobi$

Ano1i$

Anaerobi$

 .(

 .(

 2.3-

C.( 

organi$ matter .(   C.(  (.

 23  .(   2.3- 

organi$ matter 2.3-    2(  C.(  (.

organi$ matter   C4  C.(  (.

C5.) remo!al

nitrifi$ation

denitrifi$ation

anaerobi$ digestion

=:amples