WasteMINZ 2007 – Hamilton

CastleBinMulti Compartment Kerbside Collection

Andrew Slack – Project Manager (Contract) - Palmerston North City CouncilGlen Castle - Easy Workz Design

Noel Burgess – IPSCO Ltd

Project Team

• Andrew Slack – Project Manager – TBL Solutions

• Glen Castle – Castle Bin Design - Easy Workz

• Noel Burgess – Castle Bin Collection – IPSCO Ltd

Agenda

• Waste Minimisation and Recycling Drivers in Palmerston North

• Household Recycling Collection Trial

• CastleBin Design Features

• CastleBin Collection

Part 1

Waste Minimisation and Recycling Collection Drivers in Palmerston North

Waste Minimisation Drivers in Palmerston North

1. Closure of Awapuni Landfill on 31st January 2007 and significant long term increase in waste disposal costs

2. Replacement of City Enterprises (old technology) collection fleet3. Current manual collection using shopping bags leads to staff injuries and

significant litter issues.4. Waste and recycling services are core services of the Council and a

significant weekly interface between Council and household.5. Opening of Awapuni Recycling Centre and Long Term Partnership with

Fullcircle to increase recycling in general6. Adoption of Waste Minimisation Plan in November 2005 by Council7. Over 40% of waste deposited into Awapuni was paper and plastics which

are key materials in existing recycling collection 8. Separation of glass in kerbside collection

Waste Minimisation Plan - 2005The Palmerston North has a number of goals under its Waste

Minimisation Plan 2005:

1. Strategy 1 – Maintain a comprehensive and effective rubbish collection and disposal service

2.Strategy 2 - Increase Recycling3. Strategy 3 – Establish a Resource Recovery Facility with a community

focus4. Strategy 4 – Provide hazardous waste disposal facilities where possible5. Strategy 5 – Provide environmental education6. Strategy 6 – Adopt a disposer pays policy7. Strategy 7 – Support a waste minimisation levy8. Strategy 8 – Take a leadership in waste minimisation in the community

“Going Greener” Goals1. Establish recycling industrial park

powered by renewable energy.

2. Increase domestic recycling rate from 30% to 50% by 2012

3. Implement Waste Minimisation Plan

Key Factors in Kerbside Recycling Collection

There are a number of key factors in kerbside recycling collection:

1. Ease of use

2. Health and safety in collection

3. Collection volume, sort time and frequency

4. Cross contamination of material and source separation

5. Environmental factors – wind, rain, animal damage etc.

6. Household acceptance

Recycling Trends in New ZealandThere are a number of trends in recycling in New Zealand:

1. Move away from waste disposal to resource recovery

2. Move to wheelie bins for collection – Auckland, Christchurch, Timaru South Taranaki etc

3. Long term Council contracts and partnerships with businesses

4. Service levels and costs have increased.

5. Recycling is an area where a Council can make a positive contribution to general environmental awareness.

Part 2

Recycling Collection Trial

Andrew Slack – TBL Solutions(Contract to Palmerston North City Council)

Objectives of Kerbside Recycling Trial

Strategy 2 of the WMP has the overall objective of increasing recycling in Palmerston North. One of the main factors driving recycling collection volumes is household acceptance of the kerbside collection system.

Consequently the Council has undertaken a series of household acceptance trials.

The objective is to select the best overall system for Palmerston North looking at a 10 year life span.

Structure of Recycling TrialThe sample size was 350 households from a population of 27,500.

This sample size is predicted to provide around a 5% margin of error.

Each trial area was split into 3.

Each trial was run for 12 weeks - 3 weeks on shopping bags (control period) and then 3 weeks on each of 3 new methods

Group 1Group 2Group 3

Shopping Bags

3 WeeksRCWBCB

CBRCWB

WBCBRC

3 Weeks 3 Weeks 3 Weeks

Trial Areas in Palmerston North

The following areas were included in the recycling trial:

1. Waterloo Crescent – 120 households

2. Ashhurst – 70 households

3. Maxwells Line – 160 households

4. Total Sample Size = 350 Households

5. The last trial week ended 7th December 2006

GlassCollectionOptions

SingleStream Glass

Collection

Co-mingled Glass

Collection

KerbsideSorting

Drop-offBottle banks

MultiCompartment

Bin

Co-mingledBin

SeparateCollection

Split BinWaste &

Recycling

Recycling Collection Options – Glass FocusGLASS IS DIFFERENT – IT DOES NOT LIKE COMPACTION OR EXCESSIVE HANDLING

High Quality Glass – Mix, Compact and Break (30%) – Expensive Sorting – Low Quality Glass

Multi Criteria AnalysisRecycling Collection

Multi-Criteria Analysis1. Environmental Factors

2. Community Factors3. Economic Factors

Environmental Factors1. Recycling Volumes

2. Glass Recovery Rates3. Pest and /Wind Control

Community Factors1. Convenience and ease of handling

2. Litter Control3. Health and Safety(Collection and Household)

Economic Factors1. Overall capital investment2. On-going operating costs3. Relative Collection Cost

4. Relative Sorting/Processing Cost5. Glass Cross Contamination

6. System Wear and Tear

• MORE THAN LOWEST SHORT TERM CONTRACT COST

• The Palmerston North City Council has used a multi-criteria analysis to determine that a separate glass collection using bottle banks and/or bins is the best long term solution for glass collection.

Recycling Methods

4 kerbside recycling methods were trialed:

1. Shopping Bags (weekly)

2. 2 x Recycling Crates (weekly)

3. 240litre Standard Wheelie Bin

4. 240litre Castle (Multi Compartment) Wheelie Bin

Shopping Bags – Current System

• Current system

• Nearly phased out in NZ

• Weekly manual system with health and safety issues

• City Enterprises trucks need significant re-investment

• Not much scope to increase volumes

• Time for change?

Recycling Crates – Most Common in NZ

• Most common system in New Zealand

• Trend is to replace with commingled wheelie Bins

• Weekly Collection

• Volume is limited

• Material is sorted on street with health and safety issues

Wheelie Bin – Rising Trend in NZ

• Most common system worldwide• Move to wheelie bin in NZ –

Auckland, Christchurch, Timaru etc• High penetration already in

Palmerston North ($200 plus per week)

• Flexible and automated pick-up• Fortnightly• Leads to increased participation and

volumes due to convenience• Has problem of cross (particularly

glass) contamination

Castle Bin – Prototype Invented in Palmerston North

• Invented in Palmerston North by Glen Castle and PNCC recycling team

• All advantages of standard wheelie bin system

• Additional advantage of source separation and reduced post-processing costs

Questionnaire Format

• Current recycling behavior?

• Current wheelie bin use?

• Do the new methods increase recycling?

• System preference- user-friendly- mobility- tidiness

• Comments

Trial ResultsHouseholds Strongly Prefer Wheelie Bins for Recycling

Total Recycling Trial Preferences

Shopping Bags

Recycling Crates

Wheelie Bins

Multi Bins

• 90% households prefer either the Castle Bin or Standard Wheelie Bin for recycling

Results – Household Questionnaire

• 50% said a new system would increase their recycling

• 10% of participants were completely new recyclers

• 30% used a wheelie bin in some way and 12% had a green waste bin only

Results – Household Questionnaire

• There was very low support (2%) for the current shopping bag system and crate system (9%).

• There was considerable enthusiasm for change

• The householders wanted a tidy system protected from the environment

• Households like convenience of wheelie bins

• There were quite a few serious fans of the CastleBin

Kerbside Recycling Yield (kg/household/week)

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.0

1

Recycling Method

Kg

Shopping BagsRecycling CratesStandard MWBCastle Bin

• 60% (Waterloo Crescent) to 80% (Maxwells Line) increase in recycling weights

Trial Results Recycling volumes from alternative recycling systems are increased

Trial Results Relative sort time was 50% less for CastleBin

Sort Time

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

Total P&C Plastic Glass Metals

Minutes

Mat

eria

l

Shopping Bags

Recycling Crates

Standard MWB

Castle Bin

Trial Results Residual waste was 50% less for the CastleBin

Total Residual Waste

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Waste

Recycling Method

kg

Shopping BagsRecycling CratesStandard MWBCastle Bin

Kerbside Recycling Yield (kg/household/week)

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.0

1

Recycling Method

Kg

Shopping BagsRecycling CratesStandard MWBCastle Bin

• 60% (Waterloo Crescent) to 80% (Maxwells Line) increase in recycling weights

Trial Results Recycling volumes from alternative recycling systems are increased

Castle Bin – Preferred Method(by Households)

“The multi-bin was very easy to use and the street looked so much tidier on collection day. I went from two rubbish bags each week down to one which I assume

meant I was recycling more”

“The multi-bin was more user friendly than the wheelie bin…”

“…the multi bin would probably make life easier as items are already separated”

“…Our family really liked the separate compartments of the multi bin. It’s a winner!!”

“I consider the multi bin to be the most economical as sorting will have generally been done by each household…”

“Multi bin was by far the best. Its easier for the recycling people as well”

“Loved the multi bin”

Dedicated Recyclers (30%)

Possible Recyclers (40%)

Unlikely and Never (30%)

Shopping Bags New Recycling Collection System

Castle Bin – Preferred Method(by Households)

• The ease of use of MWB systems allows the recovery from the 40% possible recyclers to increase

• Palmerston North has a goal to increase recycling to around 50% (compared to waste by weight) by 2012

Part 3

CastleBin

Multi Compartment Recycling Collection

Glen Castle – Easy Workz

CastleBin Summary

• The CastleBin is a New Zealand invention.

• It has an international patent for the bottom compartment.

• Glass is collected in the bottom and kept in a separate non compacting compartment in the split truck.

• The rest of the material is collected mixed and kept in a high compaction compartment in the split truck

CastleBin – Large Fortnightly Capacity

12 Wine bottles24 Beer bottles

12 Steel Cans12 Aluminium

24 Large Plasticbottles (uncrushed)

6 Bags PaperAnd Cardboard

Large Cardboardremains loose

12 Wine bottles24 Beer bottles

12 Steel Cans12 Aluminium

24 Large Plasticbottles (uncrushed)

6 Bags PaperAnd Cardboard

Large Cardboardremains loose

CastleBin Integrated System• Integrated Dual Compartment Bin and Truck and

processing

170LitresPaper

CardboardPlasticsMetals

70Litres

Glass Only

80% - 200 kg/m3 plus CompactionPaper

CardboardPlasticsMetals

20%Non Compacted – Glass Only

Castle Bin Injection Moulding

• It is feasible to injection mould the CastleBin

• Probably made in China

• It will have RSID

Part 4

CastleBin

Multi Compartment Recycling Collection

Truck

Noel Burgess – IPSCO Ltd

CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO• Noel Burgess

• Design brief

• One man operation

• Maximise collection logistics

• Reduce Health & Safety risks

• Dual compartment body

• Automated lifter operation

• Absolutely NO cross contamination of product

CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO• One man operation

Dual control vehicle In-cab controls

• Maximise collection logistics 4x2 vehicle configuration Maximum body capacity Efficient lifter cycle Full pack compactor system Full eject discharge system Minimum tare weight

CastleBin Collection vehicle - IPSCO

• Dual compartment body Split matches CastleBin Glass on bottom with internal taildoor Co-mingle material on top – includes volume of external taildoor Full compact\ejector system in top compartment Sweep function with full eject in bottom compartment

• Lifter Operation Multi axis Joystick control Horizontal slide Single cylinder vertical rotation 150 degree rotation to invert CastleBin into body

CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO• No Cross contamination

CastleBin remains vertical (upright) until the “top” of the cycle No content spill

As the CastleBin is rotated, to discharge, a “Chute” is rotated out from the bottom compartment

Bottom compartment of the CastleBin has completely discharged before the top section starts (to discharge)

CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO• Reduce Health & Safety risks

No kerbside sorting Minimal handling of CastleBin by operator Multi camera CCTV system allowing the operator views

Down RHS of vehicle (when operated from LHS)

Rear view

Operator exits onto verge not into traffic Body does not “tip” to discharge External “audible alarms” for lifter operation, taildoor operation,

reversing

For more information contact:

Andrew SlackTBL Solutions

Ph 021 267 1788

andrew.slack@tblsolutions.c.nzor

andrew.slack@pncc.govt.nz