Waste Prevention Initiatives
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Assessment of initiatives to prevent waste from building and construction sectors Johan Sidenmark, COWI AB Ioannis Bakas, Eivind Bøe, Janus Kirkeby, Birgitte Jørgensen Kjær, Martin Uhre Mandrup, and Anna-Karin Ohls 2012-02-22 JOHAN SIDENMARK 1
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Waste prevention has been a highly prioritised issue in both national and international waste management policies for a long time. Attention has been focused on the prevention of the main waste streams in society, and since building and construction is considered to be the largest single waste producing sector, waste prevention in this sector is prioritised. The intention of this study has been to produce a catalogue of the best practices for waste prevention in the building and construction sector, and to introduce new ideas and concepts within the sector.
Transcript of Waste Prevention Initiatives
Assessment of initiatives to prevent waste from building and construction sectors
Johan Sidenmark, COWI AB
Ioannis Bakas, Eivind Bøe, Janus Kirkeby, Birgitte Jørgensen Kjær, Martin Uhre Mandrup, and Anna-Karin Ohls
2012-02-22
JOHAN SIDENMARK 1
2012-02-22
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Background Initiatives to prevent building and construction waste
› Prevention of waste has the highest priority under the EU’s framework directive on waste
› The construction and demolition sector is often the largest single sector waste producer with a generation of 30 % to 50 % of the total waste produced
› Many successful initiatives on increased recycling; hence recycling rates up 90-95%
› Not many initiatives to prevent waste from the building and construction sector, while there has been more focus on hazardous substances in building material
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Aim of study Initiatives to prevent building and construction waste
Identify and prioritize initiatives that lead to waste prevention in the building and construction sector
The aim of the project was to:
› Produce a catalogue with best practices and background information
› Analyse existing prevention initiatives
› Disseminate new ideas and concepts throughout the sector
› Inspire and engage all actors within the sector
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Definition of waste prevention
The waste framework directive (2008/98/EC)
Prevention means measures taken before a substance, material or product has become waste that reduces:
a) the quantity of waste, including through the re-use of products or the extension of the life span of products
b) the adverse impacts of the generated waste on the environment and human health; or
c) the content of harmful substances in materials and products
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Definition of waste prevention Illustration of
Source: Adapted from BIO Intelligence Service, 2009.
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Initiatives investigated Mapping and analysis
› 32 initiatives were identified and grouped into:
1. Reuse of building materials
2. Information campaigns
3. Waste prevention guidelines
4. Voluntary agreements
5. Identification of hazardous substances
6. Tool for registration of non-hazardous building materials
7. Certification schemes
› The categories are evaluated an supplemented by a case study
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› Direct reuse of a product or building material, "second life"
› Easy to implement and to transfer to other geographical areas
Reuse of building materials Initiative 1
Domain
Contribution
Legend
Waste amounts ++
++ very positive
+ positive
0 neutral
- negative
-- very negative
Waste impacts 0
Hazardous waste amounts 0
Costs for implementation ++
Costs for construction sector +
Bureaucracy +
Employment ++
Transferability to other geographical areas +
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Case study – Kretsloppsparken Ålelyckan (SE) Initiative 1
SOURCE: IVL 2011, Förebygga avfall med kretsloppsparker
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› Low cost, many targets
› The outcome is difficult to evaluate
› A need for more targeted and specific information (often to general)
Information campaigns Initiative 2
Domain
Contribution
Legend
Waste amounts +
++ very positive
+ positive
0 neutral
- negative
-- very negative
Waste impacts 0
Hazardous waste amounts 0
Costs for authorities 0
Costs for construction sector ++
Bureaucracy ++
Employment 0
Transferability to other geographical areas +
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Case study – WastePrevKit for enterprises, education and households/JESSE-project (FI)
Initiative 2
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› Provide realistic and practical, usually stepwise, stages to minimize waste
› Focus mainly on the design and construction phase of buildings rather than maintenance and disposal
Waste prevention guidelines Initiative 3
Domain
Contribution
Legend
Waste amounts +
++ very positive
+ positive
0 neutral
- negative
-- very negative
Waste impacts 0
Hazardous waste amounts +
Costs for implementation 0
Costs for construction sector ++
Bureaucracy 0
Employment 0
Transferability to other geographical areas ++
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Case study – Designing out waste (UK) Initiative 3
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› Often between public and private with specific targets - "benchmarking for waste", e.g. NMK96 on Selective demolition
› Success depends on participating stakeholders
Voluntary agreements Initiative 4
Domain
Contribution
Legend
Waste amounts +
++ very positive
+ positive
0 neutral
- negative
-- very negative
Waste impacts ++
Hazardous waste amounts +
Costs for implementation -
Costs for construction sector -/+
Bureaucracy -
Employment 0
Transferability to other geographical areas +
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Case study – Halving waste to landfill (UK) Initiative 4
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› Identification of hazardous substances in buildings that are to be demolished => for correct disposal
› Large potential impact for reduction of hazardous waste
Identification of hazardous substances Initiative 5
Domain
Contribution
Legend
Waste amounts 0
++ very positive
+ positive
0 neutral
- negative
-- very negative
Waste impacts +
Hazardous waste amounts +
Costs for authorities -
Costs for construction sector -
Bureaucracy/Administration -
Employment +
Transferability to other geographical areas ++
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Case study – Vienna Building regulative (AT) Initiative 5
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› Tools for the registration of materials without hazardous substances is to promote sustainable products in the building and construction sector
› Eco labelling – aim of ensuring a safe environmental and indoor climate
Registration of non-hazardous building materials Initiative 6
Domain
Contribution
Legend
Waste amounts 0
++ very positive
+ positive
0 neutral
- negative
-- very negative
Waste impacts +
Hazardous waste amounts ++
Costs for authorities 0
Costs for construction sector 0
Bureaucracy/Administration -
Employment 0
Transferability to other geographical areas ++
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Case study – BASTA (SE) Initiative 6
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› Standardizing the high quality of a building’s construction during its construction, use and disposal
› Often focus on material use/efficiency and environmentally friendly disposal of building components (rather than prevention)
› Becoming more and more prevalent, why this might have high importance
Certification schemes Initiative 7
Domain
Contribution
Legend
Waste amounts +
++ very positive
+ positive
0 neutral
- negative
-- very negative
Waste impacts +
Hazardous waste amounts +
Costs for authorities --
Costs for construction sector +
Bureaucracy 0
Employment +
Transferability to other geographical areas ++
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Case study – IBO-Ökopass scheme (AT) Initiative 7
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Other ideas for waste prevention initiatives
Not so many initiatives, but lots of
› Education of designers and structural engineers
› Training in waste prevention guidelines
› Construction materials database
› Enforcement of waste regulation
› GPP including prevention requirements
› Prevention and smart design elements in public tenders
› Construction materials standards’ upgrade
› Promotion of renovation and restoration
› Market-based instruments
› Cradle to cradle
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Nordic Workshop Waste prevention in the construction and building sector
› EU/National and local authorities
› Regulation/targets and procurement
› Producers
› Environmental Product Declaration and Product Category Rules
› Contractors
› Pre-construction and Better materials
› "Building record book"
› Architects and designers
› Flexible design
› Wider use of tools like e.g. BIM
› Real estate owners
› Contract incl. operation/maintenance
› Research institutes/NGOs
› Information sharing
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In summary
Not so many initiatives as expected. Most of them were established to reduce landfilling or focused on recycling
One barrier for including prevention might be that it is very difficult to measure
Main part of initiatives are based on information tools such as guidelines, handbooks, calculation tools and checklists
Initiatives are mainly established by the authorities. Only a few initiatives have been established by the sector
Assessment of initiatives to prevent waste from building and construction sectors
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Give me a call !
Johan Sidenmark
phone: +46 (0)709 – 40 29 03
e-mail: [email protected]
or
www.cowi.se and www.cowi.com
Questions? Thank you for your attention
