Waste Plan Chellenges and Sols (E)

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Environment Bureau

May 2013

BLUEPRINT FORSUSTAINABLE USEOF RESOURCES2013 2022

HON G KONG


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USE LESS,WA TE LE


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Preface .................................................................................................... 1

Summary ................................................................................................. 2

1 | Our Vision for Sustainable Use of Resources ........................................... 3

2 | Our Challenges & Opportunities ............................................................. 4

3 | The Action Blueprint 2013 - 2022 ........................................................ 11

4 | MSW Disposal Rate Reduction Targets by 2022 ..................................... 18

5 | An Evolving Waste Management Structure .............................................. 19

6 | Conclusion ......................................................................................... 24

Annex ..................................................................................................... 25

Abbreviation ............................................................................................ 26

TITLE PAGE

Contents


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The types and quantities of waste we generate and dispose of are inuenced byeconomic development, lifestyle and habit. As disposable income and living standardincrease, consumption of goods and services correspondingly rise, as does the amountof waste we generate.

Hong Kongs daily per capita domestic waste generation rate is high when compared to citiesin Asia at stages of economic development similar to ours. Since the mid-1990s, a number of leading Asian cities have achieved very good results in waste reduction. Their experience tellsus that Hong Kong can do very much better if we take coordinated and simultaneous actionon waste prevention, reuse, recycling, recovery, treatment and landlling, as part of a wholeresources management chain. Hong Kong has fallen behind because we have only taken someof the steps. We need to urgently ll in the gaps.

We understand what needs to be done and we are committed to taking all the necessarydecisions and actions now so that we can put Hong Kong on a clear path, with targets anda timeline, towards a Use Less, Waste Less lifestyle. We will put substantial effort in socialcampaigns to mobilize our citizens to take more environmentally-sustainable actions in their dailylives. We will work with communities and districts, we will collaborate with business stakeholders,and we will encourage NGOs to develop projects as we make this transition together.

Permit me to share one of my personal beliefs. I believe a simpler life is a happier life. We

can eat what we need, which can be nutritious and delicious, and not more. There are manyopportunities for us to enjoy simplicity. Our homes do not need to be over-designed. We canseparate recyclables so we can recover resources. We can work together in our community sothat we and future generations can transform and conserve Hong Kong with sustainable andgreen moves.

KS WongSecretary for the Environment

May 2013

Preface


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To transform the wastemanagement structure by 2022.

SUMMARY OF HONG KONG BLUEPRINT FORSUSTAINABLE USE OF RESOURCES 2013-2022

Use less and waste lessof the Earths resourcesthrough instilling anenvironmentally-sustainable culture intoHong Kong peoplesdaily life.

Reduce theMunicipal SolidWaste (MSW)disposal rate by 40%on a per capita basisby 2022.

Drive behavioural change throughpolicies and legislation to reducewaste, such as MSW charging andProducer Responsibility Schemes(PRS).

Develop a comprehensivewaste managementplan and promote a newsocial contract with thecommunity to conserveresources and reducewaste.

Fill missinggaps inHong Kongswaste-relatedinfrastructure1

Government totake multiple,concurrent actionsto prevent andreduce waste 2 3

Make all outefforts tomobilize thecommunity toparticipate

Target Result

Year2022

55%Recycling

22%Landlling

23%Incineration

Specic Targets

Key Actions

Vision Strategy Overall Target

Policy Directions

Mobilize the community throughtargeted campaigns, such as withfood waste, glass beverage bottlescollection, bring your own bag (BYOB),community green stations etc.

Invest in infrastructure, includingOrganic Waste Treatment Facilities(OWTFs), waste-to-energy MSWtreatment, and landll extensions.

Year2017

Year2022

To reduce the current per capita MSW disposal rate of 1.27 kg per day to 0.8kg per day by 2022.

Year2011

-20%

1.0 kg 0.8kg

-40%1.27 kg


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2 Our Challenges & Opportunities

While dealing with Hong Kongswaste challenge is a complex

exercise, we have the capability todo it because we understand theproblem, we can set appropriatepolicies, and we have the nancialresources to take action. Mostimportantly, we have as yet theuntapped potential of mobilizing thepeople of Hong Kong to change howthey deal with waste.

Before we put forward The ActionBlueprint (2013-2022) in the nextchapter, we want to explain what we see

Note: The average daily MSW disposalquantity was 9,000 tonnes in 2011.

as Hong Kongs major challenges andopportunities in dealing with waste.

The Challenges1. Large waste loadWe have a large waste load. Overthe years, Hong Kong people havebecome more, not less, wasteful.In the past 30 years, our MSWincreased by nearly 80% while ourpopulation grew by 36% and ourGross Domestic Product (GDP)increased two fold. Tellingly, the dailyper capita MSW rate rose from 0.97

Plastics19%

Paper 22%

Metal 2%

Glass 3%

Others 3%

Household

hazardous wastes 1%

Wood/Rattan 4%

Textiles 2%

FIGURE 1

Composition of MSW in Hong Kong, 2011

Putrescibles44%

kg to 1.27kg, so not only were theremore of us throwing away waste, but

we were each throwing away 30%more.

Our wasteful habits put tremendouspressure on the entire waste chainfrom collection to nal disposal. Inlight of the enormous quantities of waste Hong Kong has to deal withevery day, we must prevent andreduce the total amount of waste atsource if we are to ease the pressuredownstream.


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2. Public distrustWhile many improvements have

been made, people question whethertheir efforts in waste separation arehelping to increase waste recovery.There are still public concerns abouta range of inadequacies with thequantities, sizes and locations of recycling bins. There are also doubtsbeing raised about whether some

waste collectors just lump everythingfrom the recycling bins together and

take them to the landll.

We believe Hong Kong peopleare willing to practice wasteseparation and recycling but theywant better support. The lack of acomprehensive and convenient wastecollection system diminishes the


Sources: Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department; Ministry of the Environment of Japan; Taiwan environmental authority and SeoulMetropolitan Government

Note: Different places have different denitions of waste and different methods of compiling waste statistics. Hence apparently similarparameters may not be directly comparable. For example, Seoul reports its per capita municipal waste generation as 0.95 kg/day, but this onlycovers waste from households and small businesses, which is more similar to the domestic waste as dened in Hong Kong.

Hong Kongs Waste Load ComparedDespite difculties in making direct comparisons in the MSW disposal rates between cities because of different methodsof calculation in waste quantities, the many differences in culture and habits, and different stages of industrial andcommercial development, useful insights can still be gleamed from looking at cities domestic waste generation rates.

Hong Kong has a comparatively large waste load compared to neighbouring cities at a similar level of development.Figure 2 compares Hong Kongs daily domestic waste generation rate with Seoul, Taipei City and Tokyo.

effort people are willing to make. Wemust improve the front-end of the

waste chain through strengtheningthe waste separation of recyclablesand the collection system in order toreinforce public trust.

FIGURE 2 Daily domestic waste generation rates per capita compared

HONGKONG

0.95kg

SEOULCITY

TAIPEICITY

1.00kg

METROTOKYO

0.77kg 1.36 kg


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3. Limited capacity to absorb wasteHong Kong is a highly urbanized city

with a service economy. It is not easyto establish waste recycling industrieshere when land is scarce and sovery costly. Nevertheless, the wastecollection industry is reasonablyefcient at collecting higher valuewastes, such as metals, paper and

second-hand electrical and electronicproducts, for reprocessing or reuse

elsewhere. The same cannot be saidof lower value recyclables, includingwaste plastic, waste glass and foodwaste, which have less commercialattraction. Commercial viability forrecyclables will change when PRSand MSW charging are in place.

Moreover, Hong Kong has limitedspace that is acceptable for waste

infrastructure, especially for landlls.Thus, we must work doubly hardunder many constraints to preventand reduce waste at source, as wellas treat waste (and recover energyat the same time) to reduce thequantities of waste going to landlls.

FIGURE 3 Geographical distribution and utilization of landlls in Hong Kong

Area: 110 haCapacity: 61 million m 3

Daily intake:6,131 tonnes




NEWTERRITORIES

LANTAUISLAND

HONG KONGISLAND

KOWLOON


Northeast New Territories (NENT)Commencement ofOperation: 1995

estimate full in around 2017

West New Territories (WENT)Commencement ofOperation: 1994

estimate fullin around2019

Remaining Capacity33 million m 3 (up to 2011)

Southeast New Territories (SENT) Commencement ofOperation: 1994

estimate fullin around 2015

Remaining Capacity:8 million m

3

(up to 2011)Legend: Landll Site Refuse Transfer Station

Remaining Capacity19 million m 3(up to 2011)


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FIGURE 5 Schedule of waste policies and measures imposed in Taipei City and South Korea

1990 1994 1995 1997 2003 20041998 2005 2006

Buildingincineratorsand landlls

Buildingincinerators

Volume-basedwaste fee system

Food wasterecovery system

Keep Trash Off theGround policy;

4-in-1 resourcerecovery (producer

responsibilitysystem)

Plastics restrictionpolicies on

disposing cutleryand shopping bags

PRS

Beveragecontainersrecoveryscheme Landll ban onfood waste

Volume-basedwaste fee system

Mandatorywaste

separation

Mandatoryfood waste

recovery

2010 2013

Food wasterecoverysystem

101 Tips forFood WasteReductionCamapign

Food WasteRecycling

Fee System

T a

i p e

i C i t y

S o u

t h K o r e a

2002

The most effective means for TaipeiCity and South Korea to reducewaste was the combination ofpublic education and volume-basedMSW charging. Hong Kongs ownexperience is that waste chargingworks. After Hong Kong imposedcharging for the disposalof construction waste, the waste loadsto landll has dropped by some 60%(see Figure 10).

At the same time, Taipei City and

South Korea turned waste into energyand thereby reducing waste residuesgoing to landlls.

Figure 5 provides a summary of the fullcomplement of policies and measuresused in Taipei City and South Korea.Success did not come overnight. It tookyears of sustained perseverance forthe authorities and communities. BothTaipei City and South Korea had to workout how best to impose waste charging.They both adopted a volume-basedcharging scheme for households andcommercial/industrial units.

Waste charging should be seen together

with the imposition of PRSs, which applyto commercial/industrial enterprisesand are based on the Polluter Pays

2000

Principle (PPP). PRSs are effective inchanging the behaviour of businessesto redesign products and packagingto reduce or even eliminate waste.In Taiwan and South Korea, PRSsalso helped to foster the incrementaldevelopment of recycling industriesand the creation of green jobs.

FEE


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0

20

40

60

80

100%

2. Multiple, concurrent actions

needed nowWe can avert Hong Kongs wastecrisis by taking multiple decisionsand actions now to lay the pathtowards a new Waste Not culture.

Different jurisdictions adopted a mixof policies and measures. Figure 6provides a breakdown of recycled,incinerated and landlled wastein different places. Hong Kong isunique in that up until now we havebeen relying on landlls for wastedisposal. However, this will start tochange with the commissioning of theSTF and OWTFs, and also when webuild an IWMF with waste-to-energytechnology. The adoption of MSWcharging will further help to reducewaste substantially.

The Opportunities

1. Mobilize our peopleThere is an enormous untappedpotential in mobilizing ourcommunity. Hong Kong people canadopt new behaviour to reduce waste.We are condent that mobilization willwork in Hong Kong for two reasons:rstly, there are already manyeffective, self-started communityactivities in waste reduction and

recycling; and secondly, we seestrong results from other cities whentheir people became motivatedto participate in waste reduction.Substantial reduction is possible whenpublic policies and infrastructureprovision are properly aligned.

Taking into account Hong Kongs

challenges, opportunities and lessonsfrom other cities, our Action Blueprintcovers a wide range of activities thatwe must urgently embark upon to:

Prevent and reduce all types of waste at source;

Increase reuse and recycling; Implement MSW charging; Review construction waste

charging; Expand PRS; Invest in infrastructure to recover

energy and treat waste; Collaborate with stakeholders

to prevent, reduce and recyclewaste; and

Promote territory-wide campaignsand mobilize the community tochange behaviour.


FIGURE 6 Comparison of waste management structure with other Asia areas

Hong Kong (2011)Municipal Solid Waste

Japan (2010)General/Municipal Waste

Singapore (2011)Solid Waste excluding

construction waste, sludgeand used slag.*

Taiwan (2011)General Waste

South Korea (2009)Municipal/Domestic Waste

Recycling48%

Landll52% Incineration

and others79%

Recycling21%

Incineration46%

Recycling52%

Landll 2%

Landll19%

Incineration20%

Recycling61%

Recycling48%

Incineration51%

Landll 1%

* Note: The published Total Solid Waste Recycling rate is 59%. After excluding construction waste, sludge and used slag, the solid waste recycling rate is 48%.


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3 The Action Blueprint 2013-2022

Joined-up Action AgendaTaking into account Hong Kongs

waste challenges described inChapter 2, our action agenda toreduce waste and relieve pressureon landlls is built upon enhancedsocial mobilization coupled with theright policies and legislation, as wellas providing the necessary wasteinfrastructure to deal with differenttypes of waste. By also taking intoaccount past measures in wastemanagement (see Annex), we believeHong Kong has a solid foundationfrom which to advance.

Principles of WasteManagementWe will continue to use theinternationally-accepted multi-tieredwaste management hierarchy toguide our policies and measures.

Figure 8 shows the hierarchy and thedesirability of each of the tiers.

InfrastructurePolicies andLegislation

FIGURE 7 Joined-up Action Agenda

Social Mobilization

FIGURE 8 Waste Management Hierarchy

PREVENTION

REUSE

RECYCLING

RECOVERY

DISPOSAL

Reduce quantity and types of wastes atsource is most desirable but challengingto achieve.

Putting materials and products back

into use before thay become wastealthough not everything can be reused.

Involves reprocessing but may bemore environmentally-friendly thanusing virgin materials. It also reduceslandlling.

Modern technology recovers energy,and recovery minimizes landll use.

What cannot be taken out of the wastestream needs to be landlled.


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Investing in Infrastructure1. Recycling infrastructure

1A. Community Green Stations (CGS) Government to pilot 5 CGS operated by NGOs to bringgreen living to communities, where waste prevention,reduction and reuse can be demonstrated and practised.We aim to commission the stations in phases starting fromlate 2013 with a term of three years

1B. Public cargo working areas (PCWA) Provide stable berthing facilities for recyclers to exportrecyclable materials

1C. Waste separation and collection system Enhance the collection network and review deployment,provision and placement of recycling bins, and workersperformance, as well as review any additional resourcesneeded

Study the improvement of roadside tricolour bins

Consult trade on recycling facilities at public transportvenues

Continue on-going efforts to step up Source Separation ofWaste Programme

2. Recovery infrastructure

2A. WEEE treatment plant Develop a WEEE treatment plant at EcoPark

2B. STF Commission the facility at end-2013 to treat all of HongKongs sludge generated from the Harbour Area TreatmentScheme (HATS) and regional sewage treatment works

2C. OWTF 1st OWTF for 200 tonnes per day being tendered; expectto commission by 2016

2nd OWTF for 300 tonnes per day; expect to commissionby 2017

Site search for 3rd and more OWTF

2D. IWMF Secure funding (subject to outcome of judicial proceedings)

3. Disposal infrastructure

3A. Landll extensions Secure funding in 2013 for extending NENT, SENT andWENT landlls


P r e v e n

t i o n

R e u s e

R e c y c

l i n g

R e c o v e r y

D i s p o s a

l


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FIGURE 9 Timeframe for The Action Blueprint

2013-2015 2016-2018 2019-2022PolicyDevelopmentand Legislation

(1A) Stakeholder engagement and law draftingfor MSW charging

(1B) Trade consultation regarding review ofconstruction waste charging scheme

(2A) Bill on Extension of PRS on plasticshopping bags

(2B) Bill on PRS on WEEE

(2C) Public consultation and law drafting forPRS on glass beverage bottles

(3A) Optimize the BEAM Plus scheme on wastereduction

(3B) Review regularly the green specications ofthe products

(2D) Study on PRSs on otherwaste (e.g. rubber tyres,wood, packaging materials,rechargeable batteries,etc.)

SocialMobilization

(1A) Food Wise Hong Kong Campaign

(1B) Funding for small-scale food wastetreatment facilities

(2) Injection into the ECF

(3A) On-going work with industry stakeholders

(3B) Collaboration with District Councils

(1A)(1B)(2)(3A)(3B)Review all items

Investing inInfrastructure

(1A) Commission CGS by phases

(1C) Improve the waste separation and collectionsystem

(2A) Establish WEEE treatment plant.

(2B) Commission the STF

(2C) Apply for funding for the 1st OWTF & 2ndOWTF

(2C) Site search for 3rd and more OWTF

(2D) Apply for funding for IWMF

(3A) Apply for funding for landll extensions

(1B) Provide stable berthingfacilities for recyclers toexport recyclable materials

(2C) Commission the 1st OWTF& 2nd OWTF

(2D) Commissionthe IWMF



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Per-capitaMSW

disposal rate(per day)

4 MSW Disposal Rate Reduction Targets by 2022

The measures in our Action Blueprintwill help Hong Kong to achieve aset of specic targets by 2022 toprevent and reduce MSW acrossthe board. While Hong Kong will stillhave much to overcome to instill anenvironmentally-sustainable cultureinto our daily activities, we willhave started to change communityattitude on how we look at anddeal with waste. Our citizens will

have become highly mobilized toparticipate in waste prevention,reuse and recycling, and we willhave completed or be close tocompleting the missing pieces of waste infrastructure, without whichwe cannot achieve these targets.

Our MSW reduction targets by 2017and 2022 are as follows:

FIGURE 11 MSW Disposal Rate Reduction Targets

Year

2017Year

2022Year

2011

1.27kg

By 2017, Phases I and IIof the OWTF should have

been commissioned andthe impact of the Food WiseCampaign should have takeneffect. Combined with otherwaste reduction and recyclingpolicies, initiatives andfacilities, we expect a 20%reduction in waste disposalover 2011 levels.

One of most forceful toolsin waste reduction is MSW

charging, which can reducewaste generation by over20% according to overseasexperience. When combinedwith other ongoing initiatives,we are condent of achievinga 40% reduction in wastedisposal by 2022.

0.8kgor below1.0 kg

or below

Reductionachieved on -20%

By 2017, we will have reduced theMSW disposal rate on a per capitabasis by 20% from 1.27 kg perday to 1 kg or below.

By 2022, we will have furtherreduced the MSW disposal rateon a per capita basis from 1 kgto 0.8 kg or below, representing a40% decrease from 2011.

-40%

Note:1. Assume waste generation per capita unchanged, hence total waste generation and disposal rise in line with population growth.2. Based on 2011 MSW disposal of 1.27kg per person per day.


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5 An Evolving Waste Management Structure

Saving on CostsReducing, reusing and recycling

waste can help to cut costs for all of society. Two examples can illustratethis. In the construction sector, goodpractice from an early stage in theplanning and design process canlead to cost reductions in materialsand resources. Money can be savedby increasing the reusability of materials, and savings can also bemade by minimizing waste taken tolandll since there is already a charge

for construction waste today. In thefood sector, costs can be savedthrough careful planning of menusand inventories, as well as in kitchenmanagement to reduce waste.

On the whole, the provision of waste

services for the city is a public sectorresponsibility. Beyond land andconstruction costs, the Governmentscurrent operational costs for wastecollection, transfer, treatment andlandlling amount to HK$1.4 billionper annum.

FIGURE 13 Current government waste management costs

FIGURE 14 The Distribution of Waste Management Facilities

Waste prevention and reduction will

also save costs for the communityas a whole. While Hong Kong needsto invest in completing our wasteinfrastructure, by preventing andreducing waste, there will be long-term and multiple benets for the cityas a whole.

Operatingwaste transfer

stationsHK$400 million

per year

Wastecollection

HK$400 millionper year

Operatinglandlls

HK$600 millionper year

Treatmentcost per tonne

of wasteHK$520

NENT Landll

NEW TERRITORIES

LANTAUISLAND

HONG KONGISLAND

KOWLOON

SENT Landll

WENT Landll

ChemicalWaste

TreatmentCentre

OWTF Phase II(under planning)

IOWTF Phasei )(un er planning

EcoPark

STF

IWMF (under planning)

Animal WasteComposting Plant


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Waste Recycling and

Recovery FacilitiesIn addition to intensifying the efforts on waste reductionand to mobilizing the community to adopt new behavior touse less, waste less, we should also invest in infrastructureon recycling and recovering resources. It is one ofthe important steps to implement the comprehensivewaste management for Hong Kong. These four types ofinfrastructure will be built and make the best use of wasteresources.

Sludge Treatment Facility (STF)The STF adopts a high-temperatureincineration process to treat sludge arisingfrom sewage treatment works. The facilityis under construction and is expected to becommissioned at the end of 2013. It willalso produce energy.

Integrated Waste Management Facilities(IWMF)We are planning for the IWMF which willadopt modern waste-to-energy technologyto substantially reduce the volume of wasteand turn waste into energy.

Organic Waste TreatmentFacilities (OWTF)We are planning to developmodern large-scale OWTF inphases to recycle and turn foodwaste into renewable energyand compost.

Community Green Stations (CGS)There will be ve pilotCommunity Green Stations toenhance environmental educationwith a view to promoting publicparticipation in waste reductionand recovery. Necessary logisticssupport will also be available.


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FIGURE 15 Evolution of Hong Kongs Waste Management Structure

Year

2022Year

2011

Recycling

Landlling

Waste-to-energy(modernincineration)

Evolution of Hong Kongs WasteManagement StructureFigure 6 in Chapter 2 providesa comparison of how different

jurisdictions deal with their waste.Currently, Hong Kongs recycling rateis about 48% and our landlling rateis 52%. This proportion will start tochange with the commissioning of

the STF and OWTFs, and will speedup when we build an IWMF withwaste-to-energy technology.

Figure 15 shows the evolution of Hong Kongs waste managementstructure up until 2022, assumingthe critical steps in the ActionBlueprint will be implemented.


In order to achieve this transition in how Hong Kong deals with waste, we will need public support for newlegislation and funding to support for the various steps in the Action Blueprint. Delays will mean this timetablewill have to be stretched further into the future.

52%

48%23%

22%

55%


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6 Conclusion

As the world continues tourbanize, one of the mostnotable by-products of theurban lifestyle has become

the amount of waste generated,especially MSW. A decade ago, therewere 2.9 billion urban residents inthe world, who together generatedabout 0.64 kg of MSW per personper day. Today, there are estimatedto be 3 billion urban residentsgenerating 1.2 kg of MSW per personper day. By 2025, the World Bank

estimates that there will be 4.3 billionurban residents generating 1.42 kg of MSW per person per day. During thisperiod of time, the total quantity of MSW from urban residents will haveincreased from 0.68 billion tonnes to2.2 billion tonnes per year. 5

Hong Kongs waste story is a part of the global story. Some places, suchas Taipei City and South Korea, have

made sustained efforts in recentyears to prevent and reduce wastewith great success. Hong Kongneeds to catch up with the best-in-class cities although we have a way

to go. Our job is to set Hong Kongand our citizens on that path now sothat by 2022, the targets we have setin the Action Blueprint can be met.This requires many decisions to bemade today not tomorrow so thatplans can be actualized expeditiously.

Do we have sufciently ambitiouswaste reduction targets? We thinkso. We aim to reduce Hong KongsMSW disposal rate on a per capitabasis by 20%, from 1.27 kg per

day to 1 kg or below by 2017, andthen further down to 0.8 kg orbelow, representing a 40% from2011. But we need public supportto turn these numbers into reality.The Government cannot do it alone.Hence, we propose a new socialcontract with the community. Weneed the people of Hong Kong toadopt these targets as their own. TheGovernment will work hard in social

mobilization, and we will providepolices and the necessary tools torealize these targets but we needcitizens to participate and changetheir behaviour. Lets do our part andgo green for Hong Kong.

CLOTHINGDONATION

FOODDONATION

Footnote:5. Hoornweg, Daniel; Bhada-Tata, Perinaz; What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management, The World Bank, 2012 Jul.

We aim to reduce Hong KongsMSW disposal rate on a per capitabasis by 20%, from 1.27 kg per dayto 1 kg or below by 2017, and thenfurther down to 0.8 kg or below,representing a 40% from 2011.


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http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/owt_kowloon.htmlhttp://www.ecopark.com.hk/en/index.aspxhttp://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/msw_strategic.htmlhttps://www.wastereduction.gov.hk/en/community/index.htmhttps://www.wastereduction.gov.hk/en/community/plastic_recyc_ctr.htmhttp://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/owt_food2.htmlhttps://www.wastereduction.gov.hk/en/workplace/cissp_what.htmhttps://www.wastereduction.gov.hk/en/household/source_intro.htmhttp://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/psb/en/


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Abbreviation

BEAM Building Environmental Assessment Method

BYOB Bring Your Own Bag

CGS Community Green Station

ECF Environment and Conservation Fund

GDP Gross Domestic Product

HATS Harbour Area Treatment Scheme

IWMF Integrated Waste Management Facility

MSW Municipal Solid Waste

NENT Northeast New Territories Landll

NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations

OWTF Organic Waste Treatment Facility

PCWA Public Cargo Working AreaPPP Polluter Pays Principle

PRS Producer Responsibility Schemes

SENT Southeast New Territories Landll

STF Sludge Treatment Facility

WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

WENT West New Territories Landll

Waste Plan Chellenges and Sols (E)

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