WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL SERVICESINTEGRAL PART OF RELIEF MEASURES

CAPT G RAVI ( INDIAN NAVY)OFFICER-IN-CHARGE , NBCD SCHOOL

INS SHIVAJI,LONAVALA

WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL SERVICESINTEGRAL PART OF RELIEF MEASURES

DISASTER OVERVIEW AND ROLE OF ARMD FORCES

KOSI FLOODS URI EARTHQUAKE

KOSI FLOODS EARTHQUAKE IN BHUJ

GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE UTTARKASHI EARTHQUAKE

MUMBAI FLOODS

OUR EXPERIENCE OF COPING WITH DISASTER

Inadequate scientific hazard-risk-vulnerability mappingInadequate early warning systemsTechnical-legal regime not clear leading to

negligible penalty for causing an incidentPoor community preparedness / awarenessEnvironmental degradation precipitating disastersEnvironmental impact of developmentPrimitive search –rescue –communicationInadequate relief managementUnprofessional – amateur approach

DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT ?FIRST PRIORITY •RESCUE AFFECTED POPULATION

NEXT PRIORITY •PROVIDE SHELTER AND SUSTENANCE

POST DISASTER •REHABILITATE AFFECTED POPULATION•RESTORE LIVELY HOOD

DISASTER WASTE

MANAGEMENT

•disaster waste management not specifically targeted but gets done as a consequence of normal recovery over a prolonged period of time.

LESSONS LEARNT -HURRICANE KATRINA ALMOST 2000 DEAD COST 81 BILLON $ CONTAMINATION OF WATER BODIES LOSS OF LIVELY HOOD LOSS OF WILD LIFE HABITAT CREATED LARGE OIL SPILLS LONG AND HARD RECOVERY HUGE WASTE MANAGEMENT LOAD

Spill Location Estimate in ltrs

Bass Enterprises (Cox Bay) 14,300,000

Shell (Pilot town) 4,000,000

Chevron (Empire) 3,750,000Murphy Oil (Meraux and Chalmette)

3,100,000

Bass Enterprises 1,750,000

Chevron 200,000

LESSONS LEARNT – BP OIL SPILL

• HUGE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC COST• LOSS OF LIVELY HOOD FOR COASTAL COMMUNITIES• LONG TERM RECOVERY EFFORTS• 75 % OF THE OIL RELEASED STILL EXISTS IN THE

ENVIRONEMENT

Category EstimateDirect recovery from wellhead 17%

Burned at the surface 5%

Skimmed from the surface 3%

Chemically dispersed 8%

Naturally dispersed 16%

Evaporated or dissolved 25%

Residual remaining 26%

LESSONS LEARNT – CHERNOBYL

• LARGE AREAS HAVE BEEN LAID WASTE

• HUMAN COST HAS BEEN VERY HIGH, EVEN TODAY GENETIC DISORDERS ARE PLACING A HEAVY BURDEN ON THE SOCIETY • THREAT OF BREACH OF THE CONTAINMENT FOR THE NUCLEAR REACTOR STILL EXISTS , INVOLVING FURTHER INVESTMENT WHICH IS NOW BEING SOUGHT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

TYPES OF DISASTER WASTE

PRIMARY

WASTE

•WASTE GENERATED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF A DIASASTER

SECONDARY WASTE

•WASTE GENERATED BY RELIEF EFFORTS

TYPES OF PRIMARY DISASTER WASTECommon debris containing concrete, various types of roofing

material, wood, insulation, earth / mud , and a large amount of plastic

Trees, branches and leaves; vegetation and foliagePetroleum products, combustible fuels and their residueFurniture and other household goodsElectricity poles; Transformers and other Wasted Electrical and

Electronic Equipment (WEEE) related to the electrical transmission and communication lines

Hospital waste; corpses and dead animalsSewage from burst municipal lines, and garbage from temporary

storage sitesItems containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), asbestos and

other hazardous substancesMetal scrap from damaged buildings, industrial structures, and

vehicles.

TYPES OF SECONDARY DISASTER WASTE MUNICIPAL WASTE AND SEWAGE

GENERATED AT RELIEF CENTRES HOUSING LARGE POLULATION

PACKAGING MATERIAL RECEIVED FROM RELIEF AGENCIES

MEDICAL WASTE FROM FIELD HOSPITALS

PEOPLE / ANIMALS SUCCUMBING TO DISEASE / INJURY

MUNICIPAL WASTE AND SEWAGE FROM TOWNS AND CITIES WHERE EXISTING DRAINAGE / SEWAGE SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN DAMAGED / NON OPERATIONAL , WHERE PEOPLE CONTINUE TO LIVE

PLANNING FOR DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT ESTIMATE

MAGNITUDE AND COMPOSITION OF DISASTER

WASTE

FOR EACH DISTRICT /

TYPE OF DISASTER

DEV

ELOP PLANS FOR WASTE

COLLE

CTION AND DISPOSAL

COLLATE INFORMATION ON AVAILABLE

RESOURCES

IN

DISTRICT /

STATE

TRAINING FOR SAFE COLLE

CTION AND DISPOSAL

EXECUTE PLAN

MODEL FOR DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT

ACTION STAGES

PRE DISASTER(48 - 96 HRS)

DISASTER DURATION

POST DISASTER(UPTO 30 DAYS)

PRE DISASTER ACTIONSMobilization / staging of resources

Retrieval of assets (trucks / large transports/ material handling equipment and cranes) from the disaster zone

Notice to municipal / private waste management facilities

Evacuation of population to temporary shelters and securing the likely disaster zone for minimizing waste

Pre position NDRF components if necessary

Notice to identified industries, power plants, refineries in the disaster zone for safe containment / removal of hazardous materials and also for precautionary shutdown of plants

ACTIONS DURING DISASTER

Ensure controlled shutting down of the electricity grid

Mount rescue efforts for saving lives using NDRF components and volunteers

Activate disaster management centre outside the affected zone and Continuously monitor developing situation and relay reports to higher formations (SDMA/NDMA)

Evacuation of population from effected zones

POST DISASTER ACTIONSRescue and relief efforts targeted at the affected population

Survey of disaster zone for extent and nature of disaster waste

Employ designated resources for primary disaster waste collection / segregation and disposal

Take adequate steps to minimize secondary disaster waste as it adds to clean up effort

Undertake clean up of hazardous sites to minimise long term impact

Restore electric supply , municipal waste / sewage / water treatment plants and other services as a priority for faster recovery of affected towns / districts

PRIVATE / CORPORATE PARTNERSHIP ? OUTSOURCING DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT CAN BE EXAMINED

AS A OPTION

LOCAL MUNICIPAL STAFF WOULD NOT BE AVAILABLE FOR THE PURPOSE AS THEY WOULD THEMSELVES BE AFFECTED

OUTSOURCING DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION WOULD RELIEVE THE DISTRICT / STATE MACHINERY TO CONCENTRATE ON RELIEF AND REHABILITATON EFFORTS

HOLDING SPECIALISED EQUIPMENT ( CHEMICAL FIELD LABORATORY, SOIL, AIR AND WATER SAMPLING AND TESTING EQUIPMENT ) AT THE STATE WOULD ENABLE FASTER / SCIENTIFIC RESPONSE POST DISASTER.

INVITING PRIVATE PARTIES TO PROVIDE SUCH SERVICES FOR EACH STATE WOULD BE EFFECTIVE AS THEY CAN MOBILISE FASTER.

TECHNICAL COMPLEXITY

Biological

ChemicalNuclear

A NEW DIMENSION!!LOW HIGH

LOWHIGH

RISK

Use of Chemical Agents –Iraq• 1988 nerve and cyanide gas was employed against the Kurds • Over 5,000 died 75% women and children

WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF A CBRN DISASTER

SUCH AN INCIDENT WILL LAY WASTE LARGE AREAS OF HUMAN HABITATION, THOUSANDS OF SQUARE KMS FOR MANY DECADES

LOSS OF LIVELY HOOD AND RELOCATION OF AFFECTED POPULATION WOULD BE MAJOR CHALLENGES

CONTAINMENT OF THE HAZARD AND ISOLATION / PREVENTING ACCESS TO THE DISASTER ZONE WILL BE CRITICAL FOR LIMITING SPREAD

DECONTAMINATION AND MONITORING OF VOLUNTEERS / RESCUE PERSONNEL ENTERING THE AFFECTED ZONE WILL BE NECESSARY

REMOVAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIAL FOR SAFE STORAGE WILL BE A PRIORITY TO PREVENT GROUND WATER / CROSS CONTAMINATION

ELIMINATION OF WILD LIFE / LIVESTOCK BY CULLING IS AN ACCEPTED PRACTICE, HOWEVER DISPOSAL OF THE CRACASSES WILL NEED TO BE PLANNED

FOR UNDERTAKING THE ABOVE TASKS TRAINED MANPOWER WOULD BE NEED IN LARGE NUMBERS AS TIME ON TASK WOULD BE LIMITED DUE TO EXPOSURE LIMITATIONS

NEW TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

CONCLUSIONDisaster waste management

should be given adequate focus at the planning stage

Industry expertise in the field should be harnessed for mounting a systematic and professional waste management action plan post disaster

Policy guidelines / regulations for tackling CBRN incidents / accidents should be evolved to meet the challenges of the prevailing politico-security environment

THANKYOU