PRESENTATION ON WASTE MANAGEMENT BYDEBDATTA MUKHERJEEJYOTI VERMANMADHURIMA DHARSAYANI BHATTACHARYA

What are Wastes?Substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of By the provisions of the law.

Disposal - Any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses.

KINDS OF WASTEON THE BASIS OF RHEOLOGY AND

COMPACTNESS:

o Solid wastes : trash domestic, commercial and industrial wastes especially common as co-disposal of wastes

Examples: plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles,

cans, papers, scrap iron, and other

o Liquid Wastes : wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing industries and other sources

ON THE BASIS OF PROPERTIESBIO-DEGRADABLE

WASTESFROM PLANT OR ANIMAL

SOURCESBROKEN DOWN BY OTHER

LIVING ORGANISMSEg-MUNICIPAL WASTE-

GREEN WASTE,FOOD WASTE,PAPER WASTE AND BIO DEGRADABLE PLASTICS

ALSO INCLUDE HUMAN WASTE,MANURE,SEWAGE.

NON BIO-DEGRADABLE WASTES

CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN BY OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS

NOT CAPABLE OF DEGRADATION OR DECOMPOSITION.

Eg-PLASTIC,METAL,GLASS.

ALSO INCLUDE DANGEROUS CHEMICALS,TOXINS AS ARE PLASTIC GROCERY BAGS

ON THE BASIS OF THEIR EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Hazardous wastes

Non-hazardous

SOURCES OF WASTES

Households

Commerce and Industry

SOURCES OF WASTESAgriculture

Fisheries

EFFECTS OF WASTE

Affects our healthAffects our socio-economic conditionsAffects our coastal and marineenvironmentAffects our climateRise in global temperatures Rise in sea levels

METHODS OF WASTE MANAGEMENTDisposal Methods

Land fills Convenient Inexpensive Destruction of food sources Desalination Incineration Requires minimum land Can be operated in any

weather Expensive to build and

operate Continuous maintenance

Recycling methods

Biological reprocessing Key to providing a livable environment for the future Expensive Some wastes cannot be

recycled Technological push needed Energy recovery Pyrolysis Gasification

METHODS OF PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT Options for Plastic Waste Management

Plastics recycling technologies have been historically divided into four general types –

Primary Secondary.Tertiary.Quaternary.

BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING Organic waste materials, such as plant

material, food scraps, and paper products, can be recycled using biological composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic matter.

The resulting organic material is then recycled as mulch or compost for agricultural or landscaping purposes.

Waste gas from the process (such as methane) can be captured and used for generating electricity.

An example of waste management through composting is the Green Bin Program in Toronto, Canada, where household organic waste are collected in a dedicated container and then composted.

Waste-to-energy The energy content of waste

products can be harnessed directly by using them as a direct combustion fuel, or indirectly by processing them into another type of fuel.

Recycling through thermal treatment ranges from using waste as a fuel source for cooking or heating, to fuel for boilers ,to generate steam and electricity in a turbine.

 Pyrolysis Gasification

Waste management concepts There are a number of concepts about waste management which

vary in their usage between countries or regions. Some of the most general, widely-used concepts include:

.Waste hierarchy - The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimization. The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste.

Extended producer responsibility - Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a strategy designed to promote the integration of all costs associated with products throughout their life cycle (including end-of-life disposal costs) into the market price of the product. This means that firms which manufacture, import and/or sell products are required to be responsible for the products after their useful life as well as during manufacture.

Polluter pays principle - Polluter Pays Principle is a principle where the polluting party pays for the impact caused to the environment.

DIAGRAM ON WASTE HEIRARCHY

Talking Trash: The World's Waste Management Problem

Trash is a pervasive but unnoticed part of our lives Today, many nations face a looming waste management crisis, as

their landfills reach capacity and continue to degrade the environment.

Waste management is linked to environmental quality in general, and climate change in particular. 

Breakdown of bio-degradable wastes like paper, food releases greenhouse gas methane which traps 70 times more heat than CO2.

Other heat-trapping gasses like nitrous oxide (nearly 300 times more powerful than CO2) are emitted when plastics and textiles are burned in incinerators.

  

Waste management also has a significant impact on human health.

Chemicals from degrading waste can leak into aquifers and contaminate water supplies. 

Landfills and older incinerators can also release harmful dioxins, a cancer-causing carcinogen;

Air pollutants like NOx and SOx, which make up acid rain and can cause respiratory illnesses. 

Landfills also provide shelter for disease-carrying agents like rats, flies, and other vermin.

PRACTICAL ISSUES IN WASTE MANAGEMENTUnplanned growth and development of

citiesLack of awarenessUn sorted waste. mixture of bio-

degradableand non bio-degradableSome wastes cannot be recycledRequires proper planning, design, andOperation.

EFFECTIVE WASTE MGMT STRATEGY.Minimising or avoiding adverse impacts on the

environment and human health.Allowing economic development and improvement

in the quality of life. The aims of waste management are to:conserve resources of water, energy, raw materials

and nutrientscontrol pollution of land, air and waterenhance business performance and maintain

corporate social responsibilityimprove occupational health and safety

ZERO WASTE POLICYMany governments and organisations are adopting

‘zero waste’ policies.This whole-of-system approach aims to reduce waste at

the source through product design and producer responsibility.

It also includes waste reduction strategies further down the supply chain such as:

cleaner productionproduct dismantlingrecyclingrepairreuse.

WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS. Improve product design to use less materials. Use biodegradable materials Maintenance of cleanliness in yards and

streets At Source Treatment, Separation of materials should be done at source Encourage people to reuse materials rather

than purchase new ones.Create awareness among civiliansChange of attitude from the part of the civilians

CONCLUSIONWaste management is the collection, transport

, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of wastematerials.[1] The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each.