l i l d l i i l iWaste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations and the Management of Resource 

Simon DruryStrategic Partnerships Manager

WRAP

Introduction to WRAP – Waste & Resources Action Programme

WRAP helps businesses and individuals reap the benefits of reducing waste, developing sustainable products and using resources in an efficient way. p g y

Our three targets for 2008‐2011 are: 

8 million tonnes less waste to landfill.

5 million tonnes of CO2 emissions saved.

£1.1 billion of economic benefits.

The Resource Efficiency Loop

Environmental legislationA small samplep

Environmental Protection Act Oil Storage Regulations

Environment Act 

Landfill Regulations

Household Waste Recycling Act

Anti Pollution Worksg

Water Resources Act

Water Industries Act

Anti Pollution Works Regulations

End of Life Vehicles RegulationsWater Industries Act

Groundwater Regulations

C t i t d L d R i

Environmental Information Regulations

Contaminated Land Regime

Landfill Regulations

Waste and Emissions Trading Act

Hazardous Waste Regulations

Environmental ImpactAssessment Regulations

The Clean Neighbourhoods and             Environment Act

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006 (amended)Regulations 2006 (amended) 

Why is WEEE important?y s po ta t

1.5m tonnes of (WEEE) were put onto the market last year.1.5m tonnes of (WEEE) were put onto the market last year.

550,000 tonnes was collected for recyclingWEEE is increasing at a rate three times that of averageWEEE is increasing at a rate three times that of average

municipal waste growth.

The increase of WEEE relates to a number of factors:General increase in use of electronic and electrical equipment.Frequent upgrading of equipment.Relatively high cost of repair compared to the purchase of new equipment.y g p p p q p

Environmental benefits of recycling WEEE?

Recent demonstration work has shown a 50% to 75% reduction in emissions from using recycled WEEE plastics rather than virgin plastics. 

It is estimated that only 1% of 'speciality' metals (or ‘rare and precious metals’) used in electronics are recycled. 

Research by the United Nations Environment Programme suggests that microchip manufacturers use more than 60 of these metals, with demand for indium, for example, expected to double by 2020. 

Recycling these metals is between 2 and 10 times more energy efficient than smelting the metals form virgin ores (which are also to be found in very few places on Earth).)

What are the objectives of  the Directive ?

The WEEE Directive has 3 main Objectives:

1. The prevention of the generation of Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment.

2. The drive markets for the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of such wastes.

3 Minimising the environment risks and impacts associated with the3. Minimising the environment risks and impacts associated with the treatment and disposal of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment.

Producers“Producer” means any person who, irrespective of selling technique used, including by means of distance communication.

1. Manufactures and seller of  their own brand products.

2 Re‐branders some who purchases a product as sells it under2. Re branders some who purchases a product as sells it under their own brand name.

3. Imports into an EU Member State on a professional basis

Producers have a number of obligations under the Regulations: 

They must join a Producer Compliance Scheme (PCS) to discharge their obligations.  To

Registering as a producer;

Reporting data on EEE put on the UK market;

Arrange the financing of any costs of collection, treatment, recovery and disposal of WEEE in line with their notified obligation; 

Producers have a number of obligations under the Regulations: 

They must ensure the marking of EEE put onto the UK market to assist with its separate collection at the end of its life.

They must make information available to treatment facilities in respect of new types of EEE they put on the UK market. 

What is the Regulation?

Under the UK WEEE Regulations, the default position for distributors directly supplying new Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) for use by private households is that they are required to offer "in store" take back for all old EEE returned by consumers when they are purchasing new products. This must be free of charge providing that any such WEEE is of equivalent type to and has fulfilled theof charge, providing that any such WEEE is of equivalent type to and has fulfilled the same function as the supplied equipment. 

Retailers become exempt from offering in‐store take back by joining the UK's onlyRetailers become exempt from offering in store take back by joining the UK s only WEEE distributor take back scheme (DTS), which in many cases will provide a practical and cost effective alternative.

Valpak Retail WEEE Services has been appointed to operate the Distributor Takeback Scheme. Retailers and other distributors that join are required to contribute to a fund that pays local authorities to upgrade civic amenity sites put forward as Designated Collection Facilities.

www.valpak.co.uk/weee/

Distributors

A distributor, (irrespective of selling technique), for the purposes of the WEEE Regulations is:of the WEEE Regulations is: 

a retailer of new EEE for use in households; or 

A wholesaler of new EEE for use in householdsA wholesaler of new EEE for use in households. 

All distributors selling new EEE for use in households have bli i d h R l iobligations under the Regulations. 

to provide a like for like take‐back service to householders enabling them to return their WEEE free of chargeenabling them to return their WEEE free of charge.

Enforced is by the VCA .Help for businesses from :

http://www.wrap.org.uk/retail_supply_chain/research_tools/tools/weee_toolkit_guide.html

Distributors

The WEEE Regulations allow a choice of providing;

An “in‐store” take‐back, participating in the Distributor Take‐back Scheme (DTS), 

A lt ti t f f t k b k f h h ldAn alternative system for free take‐back for householders.

A further obligation placed on distributors is to provide householders with information on the options that are available to them for the free return ofinformation on the options that are available to them for the free return of their WEEE and on the environmental benefits resulting from its separate collection. 

Information made available to customers must be retained by distributors for four years. 

Consumers 

Consumers have no legal obligations under the Regulations. 

They are encouraged to play their part in the separate collection of WEEE when it isThey are encouraged to play their part in the separate collection of WEEE when it is discarded as waste.  They are encouraged to deposit WEEE in specific areas at civic amenity (CA) sites across the UK and in other specific collection facilities. 

Local Authorities 

Local Authorities (LAs) have no direct legal obligations under the WEEE Regulations. However there are implications for LAs if they: 

Receive household WEEE deposited by residents at CA sites or Waste Transfer Stations (WTSs) in their waste disposal authority area; or

Make bulky waste collections from residents in their local area. 

LAs have the opportunity to secure free collection of WEEE separately collected at their CA sites or WTSs if these sites are registered as ‘Designated Collection Facilities` (DCFs)(DCFs). 

Approved Authorised Treatment Facilities (AATF) or Approved Exporter (AE)

AATFs and AEs deal with separately collected non‐household WEEE. 

AATFs and AEs also deal with household WEEE arising at DCFs or on behalf of

Approved Exporter (AE) 

AATFs and AEs also deal with household WEEE arising at DCFs or on behalf of Producer Compliance Schemes (PCSs). 

AATFs and AEs can issue evidence that WEEE has been received and will be treated to the requirements of the Regulations.

Authorised Treatment Facilities (ATFs) with the appropriate permits or exemptions should work with AATFs to treat WEEE to the standards of the WEEE Regulations andshould work with AATFs to treat WEEE to the standards of the WEEE Regulations and in accordance with the UK’s WEEE Treatment Guidance. 

What does WEEE consist of ?

F M tFerrous MetaNon‐Ferrous MetalRare earth elementsPlastics.Printed circuit boards. (PCBs)Batteries.Batteries.Capacitors.Liquid crystal displays.Cathode ray tubesCathode ray tubes.Mercury switches.Florescent lamps

What is covered?

http://www.wrap.org.uk/retail_supply_chain/research_tools/tools/weee_toolkit_gu

Environment Agency has published a scoping guidance

ide.html

10 indicative categories10 indicative categories

1. Large household appliances2. Small household appliances3. IT and telecoms equipment4. Consumer equipment q p5. Lighting equipment 6.  Electrical and electronic tools7 Toys leisure & sports7.  Toys, leisure & sports8.  Medical devices *9.  Monitoring devices *

di i hi10.  Auto‐dispensing machines

* Exempt from RoHS requirements for now currently being reviewed

EEE Categories‐Large Appliances

• Washing Machines • Air Conditioners

• Refrigerators

• Dish Washers

• Heaters

• Hot Plates

• Dryers

• Stoves‐Cooktops

• Microwaves

• Exhaust. Ventilation 

• Ranges

• Cooking/Processing

and Conditioning

• Radiatorsg/ g

• Fans • Freezers

EEE Categories‐Small Appliances

Vacuum Cleaners ScalesSweepers

Irons

Scales

Electric Knives

Body Care AppliancesIrons

Toasters

Sewing/Knitting

Body Care Appliances

Coffee Machines

Package SealersSewing/Knitting

Grinders

Hair Cutting/Shaving

Package Sealers

Clocks/Watches

FHair Cutting/Shaving Fryers

EEE Categories‐ITE Telecom

Central Data Processing  LaptopsComputers

Printers

i

PeripheralsProducts Used to Transmit Sound, images, or other f bTypewriters

Calculators ( Pocket)

User Terminals/Systems

Information by TelecommunicationsEquipment for Collection, User Terminals/Systems

Faxes

Answering Machines

Storage, Processing, Presentation or Communication of information by Electronicg

Cell Phonesinformation by Electronic Means

EEE Categories‐Consumer Equipment

Televisions Equipment for Recording, 

Radios

Video Players/Recorders

Reproducing Sound or Images, Including Signals or Other Technology for

Video Cameras

Amplifiers

or Other Technology, for the Distribution of Sound and Images other than

Musical Instrumentsand Images other than Telecommunications

EEE Categories‐Lighting Equipmentg g g q p

Non‐household  Lighting Equipment for Luminaries for Fluorescent Lamps

Fl L

Purpose of Spreading or Controlling Lights with the Exception ofFluorescent Lamps

Sodium Lamps

with the Exception of Filament bulbs

Discharge Lamps

Metal Halide Lamps

EEE Categories ‐ Toys Leisure and Sport Equipment

Electric Trains‐Racing Car Sets

Video Games, Consoles, Hand Held, ,

Computers for Biking Diving Running

Sports Equipment with Electric/ElectronicSports Equipment with Electric/Electronic Controls

d l hCoin Operated Gaming Slot Machines

EEE Categories ‐ Medical Equipment

RadiotherapyC di lCardiologyDialysisPulmonary VentilatorsPulmonary VentilatorsNuclear MedicineLab Equipment In VitroLab Equipment‐In VitroAnalyzersFreezersFreezersFertilization Tests

EEE Categories  ‐ Monitoring and Control Instruments

Smoke Detectors

Heating RegulatorsHeating Regulators

Thermostats

Industrial Monitoring or Control

Measuring, Weighing, or Adjusting AppliancesHousehold or as Laboratory Equipment

EEE Categories‐ Automatic Dispensers g p

kAutomatic Hot Drink DispensersAutomatic Hot/Cold Bottles or Cans DispensersAutomatic Dispensers for Solid ProductsAutomatic Dispensers for MoneyAny Appliance That Automatically Delivers Any Kinds of ProductsDelivers Any Kinds of Products   

What is not covered?at s ot co e ed

However, a number of general and specific exemptions i texist:

A general exemption exists for equipment operating at more than 1000V AC and 1500V DC

Specific exemptions exist for:Products intended specifically to protect national security and for a military purpose

Filament light bulbs and household luminaires

Large scale stationary industrial tools

What items are covered by WEEE?What items are covered by WEEE?

• Specific exemptions exist for:Specific exemptions exist for:Implanted medical equipment and infected medical equipmentequipment,Products where electrical and electronic components are not needed to perform the primary function,Electrical and electronic equipment which is part of another type of equipment or a fixed installation,

The has produced guidance on the WEEE regulation at  www.environment‐agency.gov.uk/business/topics/waste/32084.aspxBIS has produce a guidance which can be found at wwwbis gov uk/files/file54145 pdfwww.bis.gov.uk/files/file54145.pdfThe European Commission’s FAQs document on the scope of the WEEE Directive might be helpful and can be downloaded from: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/pdf/faq_weee.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee/index_en.htm 

Targets

Category Description Recovery Recycling

1 large household appliances 80% 75%

2 small household appliances 70% 50%

3 IT and telecoms equipment 75% 65%

4 consumer equipment 75% 65%4 consumer equipment 75% 65%

5 lighting equipment 70% 50%

6 electrical and electronic tools 70% 50%

l7 toys leisure & sports 70% 50%

8 medical devices No target No target

9 monitoring devices 70% 50%

10auto-dispensing machines (vending machines, cash machines, ticket machines).

80% 75%

Gas discharge lamps, 80% 80%

Producer Compliance SchemesProducer Compliance Schemes 

All producers putting EEE onto the UK market are required to j i PCSjoin a PCS. 

By offering administrative and practical services to producer b PCS h l th di h th i bli ti dmembers PCSs help them discharge their obligations under 

the Regulations.   Their services should include;

registering producers with the appropriate UK g g p pp pauthorities,

meeting the data reporting requirements, and 

Arranging clearance of household WEEE from DCFs and /or non‐household WEEE to AATFs or AEs. 

EnforcementEnforcement

The Regulations, in relation to producer obligations, are enforced in England and Wales by the Environment Agency (EA), in Scotland by the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and in Northern Ireland by the Northern g y ( ) yIreland Environment Agency (NIEA). 

The Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA), an executive agency of the Department of Transport, is the enforcement body for EEE distributor  obligations and producer obligations relating to g p g gthe marking of products with a crossed out wheeled bin symbol. (www.vca.gov.uk/enforcement/weee‐enforcement.asp). 

Source – BIS WEEE Regulations  2006 Government Guidance notes Nov 2009 

Source – BIS WEEE Regulations  2006 Government Guidance notes Nov 2009 

The AmendmentsThe Amendments

2010 Amendments

EU Recast 

The WEEE 2010 ChangesThe WEEE 2010 Changes

The Changes are designed to, 

Ensure producer compliance schemes continue to take an active role in the environmentally sound disposal of unwanted equipment. 

To reduce the administrative burdens placed on the treatment sectorTo reduce the administrative burdens placed on the treatment sector.

Distributor Take‐back Scheme (DTS) to Continue for a further three compliance dperiods.

Under DTS Phase 2, 

Distributors can still discharge their obligations by paying into the scheme

The WEEE 2010 ChangesThe WEEE 2010 Changes

Key revisions in the amended regulations are:

Producer Compliance Scheme approval process. From 1 January 2010 

Any scheme applying for approval will be subject to open ended approval based on a rolling three year operational plan which will be subject to an annualon a rolling three year operational plan which will be subject to an annual review and audit by the environment agencies.

f h d l ( ) d ( ) l hCriteria for Authorised Treatment Facilities (AATFs) and exporters (AEs) approval has been revised to include a requirement that the facility is able to meet the reprocessing targets contained in the Regulations and Directive.

The WEEE 2010 Changes cont’d.The WEEE 2010 Changes cont d.

Key revisions in the amended regulations are:

Streamlining of the Evidence process. AATF or AE will now issue evidence on the tonnage of WEEE received. This will help to speed the flow of evidence through the system and ease cash flow issues for AATF and AEs. 

Data reporting. Changes have been made to the requirements for PCSs, AATF’s and AEs to ease administration burdens and provide the agencies with more focused and relevant data.

The WEEE 2010 ChangesThe WEEE 2010 Changes

Key features of the Distributor Take‐back Scheme (DTS) Phase 2 are:

The scheme is to operate from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012.

Membership fees charged to distributors proportionate to their total market shareMembership fees charged to distributors proportionate to their total market share of all EEE retailing.

The WEEE 2010 Changes cont’d.The WEEE 2010 Changes cont d.

Key features of the DTS Phase 2 are:

A separate New Investment Fund to support establishment of new / replacement designated collection facilities at civic amenity sites or to add additional WEEE waste streams to existing sites.

Valpak Retail Services Ltd has been appointed to continue to operate the Scheme. 

The WEEE RecastThe WEEE Recast

Key changes may include;

Moving away from a weight per person of a percentage of the average weight target based on previous year EEE sales per country.

Targets of 45% then 65%of EEE P O M then 85% of all WEEE are beingTargets of 45%, then 65%of EEE P.O.M., then 85% of all WEEE are being put forward.

Widening the scope of the WEEE Directive to ensure more electrical i i d i h i li dequipment is captured given the scope exemptions listed at present.

Remember this will take some time to be transposed into UK law.

The WEEE Recast cont’d.The WEEE Recast cont d.

Key changes may include;

Single WEEE compliance scheme registration option for the whole of Europe. This appears to have been knocked into the long grass.

Producers and retailers could be made responsible for funding theProducers and retailers could be made responsible for funding the collection of WEEE from households.

There may also be a greater emphasis on managing individual Producers’ d fduty of care.

All of this could prove costly to Producers.

Duty of Care

Producers  are required to manager the Duty of Care.  To ensure 

their products are recycled in an environmental mannertheir recycling partners have the appropriate “know how”, accreditations and waste management licences. 

This includes exported WEEE.

Reuse and resale are to be encouragedReuse and resale are to be encouraged.

Duty of Care

What to look for

Audit trails, environmental and financial are just as important.

ISO 9001 2000 & 14001 are important.

Defined process flows.

Recording of reporting of data.

EMS information so P/Is can report back WEEE information.p

Experienced electronics recyclers have good working knowledge of legislation, hazards etc.

The Timeline of the Recast

Wording of the Recast of the Directive and Approval is not expected to be complete until the end of 2011.

Th UK h h 18 h i UK LThe UK then has 18 month to transpose into UK Law. 

WEEE Standard PAS141WEEE Standard PAS141The main aims of PAS 141 are to:

Encourage the reuse of WEEE as promoted by the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC), Article 1

Reduce the amount of WEEE sent to landfill and incineration by diverting WEEE to be prepared for reuse

P id f k f i f t th t th l i f d tProvide a framework for assuring manufacturers that the placing of products on the market for reuse will not adversely affect their brands or reputations for safety and quality

WEEE Standard PAS141 cont’d.WEEE Standard PAS141 cont d.The main aims of PAS 141 are to:

Deter the illegal export of WEEE under the guise of sham reuse

Encourage job creation in organizations involved in preparing WEEE and UEEE for reuse.

This standard does not cover:

The manufacturing of new equipment;

The recycling/other recovery or disposal of equipment (although it does include requirements for assigning WEEE for recycling/other recovery).

Mitigating your WEEE Obligationsg g y g

The waste hierarchy

PreventionPreventionPrevention Prevention

Preparing for reusePreparing for reusep gp g

RecyclingRecycling

Other recoveryOther recovery

DisposalDisposal

Waste hierarchy options for WEEE

PreventionRetain and use items for longer.

Sell or donate unwanted itemsSell or donate unwanted items.

Purchase second‐hand items.

Lease rather than purchase electrical equipment.

Preparing for reuseArrange for WEEE to be collected and refurbished and/or resoldArrange for WEEE to be collected and refurbished and/or resold.

There is a thriving market for reconditioned large appliances and IT equipment.

Waste hierarchy options for WEEE

R liRecyclingSegregate and arrange recycling of all WEEE.

Other recoveryy

Ensure that your WEEE contractor is reputable and removes recyclable components from WEEE before sending the residual combustible waste for energy recovery.

Di lDisposal

Only dispose of any residual waste from WEEE that cannot be reused, recycled or recovered.

Ensure you follow your duty of care responsibilities to manage waste correctly to enable its safe recovery or disposal without harming the environment.7

Case StudyCase Study

Varian Medical Systems opted for the sustainable redesign of its radiotherapy simulator collimator unit and is now achieving;

£162,000/year in components and materials cost savingsa 65% reduction in the number of components used per collimator,a reduction of 29% in the number of fasteners anda reduction of 29% in the number of fasteners, and a 27% reduction in assembly time, and easier equipment disassembly for recovery and recycling.

“The sustainable product design approach has proved to be a real eye‐opener, taking away preconceptions and resulting in products with significant cost savings and better functionality.”  

John Peel, Business Development Director, Varian Medical Systems UK Ltd.

Practical Demonstrationact ca e o st at o

WRAP Advice Line

Cleaner design

Cleaner technology 

Hazardous waste 

Key performance indicators0808 Environmental management systems

Managing change

0808 100  Packaging

Resource efficiency

100 2040 Solvents and VOCs

Waste management

Waste Minimisation

2040Waste Minimisation

Water

Thank you

Simon Drury