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Transcript of Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 [email protected] European...
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
European Union
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
CE标志CE MARKING
• CE Marking is for European Union• EMC Directive• Low Voltage Directive (Safety)• Machinery Directive (Safety)• Radio and Telecommunications Terminal
Equipment Directive (R&TTE)• Self-Declaration allowed for many products
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
European Market
• Sector covered by EMC Directive 250 b€• R&TTE equipment: 58 b € /year in the EU in 1998
– Machinery market: >250 b € /year– Telecommunication Services: 200 b € /year in 1999
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
DEFINITIONS
• EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility– Emissions: Unwanted radiated and conducted
electrical energy– Immunity: Undesirable response to external
electrical energy
• Product Safety– Protection from Electrical, Mechanical, Fire and
Chemical Hazards
FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS: EMC and PRODUCT SAFETY
In addition, devices may also have spectrum allocation and control requirements (e.g., FCC Approvals)
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
TERMS & DEFINITIONS• European Directive
– Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers
• European Norm (EN)– Common Standard used by all EU countries
• Standards are based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC)
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
TERMS & DEFINITIONS• Competent Body
– Appointed by each member state to review Technical Construction Files and generate Certificates of Conformity
– Must demonstrate competence in the area of the Directive– Approved by member state National Authority
• Notified Body– Same credentials as competent body, but can test and issue
EC-Type Examination Certificates– Required for Telecommunications, safety of medical devices– “Notified” means that the organization has been “officially
announced” to the EC and other states by National Authority
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
EUROPEAN DIRECTIVESMany Types of Products
DirectiveLow Voltage (73/23/EEC)Simple Pressure Vessels (87/404/EEC)Toy Safety (88/378/EEC)Construction Products (89/106/EEC)EMC (89/336/EEC)Machinery (89/392/EEC)Personal Protective Equipment (89/686/EEC)Gas Appliances (90/396/EEC)Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (91/263/EEC)Hot Water Boilers (92/42/EEC)Medical Devices (93/42/EEC)Satellite Earth Station Equipment (93/97/EEC)Explosive Atmospheres (94/9/EEC)Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (99/5/EEC)
Date1/1/977/1/921/1/971/1/971/1/961/1/956/30/951/1/951/1/961/1/976/13/98NONE6/30/0304/07/01
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
EMC DIRECTIVE: REDUCE ELECTROMAGNETIC
INTERFERENCE
Radiated
Conducted
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
EMC DIRECTIVE
• “Electrical Apparatus” Covered• Exceptions: components, large installations and
devices that must comply with other Directives that address EMC (e.g., telecommunications)
• Member states adopt ENs
• Enforcement– Country-by-Country basis.
• Example: UK Requirements:– Fines up to £5000– Up to 3 months imprisonment for misuse of CE mark– Forfeiture of equipment
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
EMC DIRECTIVE FOR ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL
PRODUCTS• Examples
Personal Computers Video GamesCD Players Office machinesCopying machines Electronic toysRadio Receivers TVsFax machines Microwave ovensIndustrial Equipment MachineryDishwasher/Refrigerator
• Class A Products: OFFICE/FACTORY• Class B Products: HOME
Declaration of Conformity required for all products
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
CLASS A and CLASS B• Class A: Office and Industrial Use
• Class B: Home Use
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
COMPLIANCE WITH EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES
• Product-Specific Standards or use
• Generic Standards– Use Generic Requirements if Product-Specific
Standards do not exist
• Method– Declaration of Conformity for all products– Technical File Preparation
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Conformity AssessmentTwo methods of Demonstrating Compliance
Self-Certification– Select standard for the product– Test product– Write Report– Make Declaration of Conformity– Put on CE Marking– Can test in-house or at third party laboratory
Simpler, Cheaper, may not be applicable for complex productRetest as standards change
•Self-Declaration•Technical Construction File
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Conformity Assessment• Technical Construction File
– Need Competent Body– Create a TCF
• Description of Device(s)• Test plan• Use “Generic Standards” if product-specific standards are not
available
– Test product– Competent Body issues certificate– Make Declaration of Conformity– Affix the CE Marking
More expensive, for complex products
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Common EMC Standardshttp://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/newapproach/standardization/harmstds/reflist/emc.html
Equipment Tests Required
Arc Welder EN 50199:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Product standardfor arc welding equipment
Industrial Equipment EN 55011:1998: Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequencyequipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods ofmeasurement
TVs, Radios EN 55013:1990: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of broadcast receivers and associated equipment
EN 55020:1994: Electromagnetic immunity of broadcast receivers andassociated equipment
Appliances EN 55014-1:1993: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 1:Emission - Product family standard
EN 55014-2:1997: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 2:Immunity - Product family standard
Lighting EN 55015:1996: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment
Computers and informationTechnology Equipment
EN 55022:1998: Information technology equipment - Radio disturbancecharacteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
EN 55024:1998: Information technology equipment - Immunitycharacteristics –Limits and methods of measurement
Audio and video for professional use EN 55103-1 and -2:1996: Electromagnetic compatibility – Product familystandard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lighting controlapparatus for professional use
EN 55104:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility – Immunity requirementsfor household appliances, tools and similar apparatus – Product familystandard
Household equipment EN 61000-3-2:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3-2:Limits -Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current upto and including 16A per phase)
Household equipment EN 61000-3-3:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3: Limits -- Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltagesupply systems for equipment with rated current up to 16 A
Laboratory Equipment EN 61326:1997: Electrical equipment for measurement, control andlaboratory use - EMC requirements
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Immunity Testing
• 1000-4 Series– IEC 1000-4-1: Introduction– IEC 1000-4-2: Electrostatic Discharge Requirements– IEC 1000-4-3: Radiated Radio Frequency Immunity– IEC 1000-4-4: Electrical Fast Transient– IEC 1000-4-5: Lightning Surge– IEC 1000-4-6: Conducted Radio Frequency Immunity– IEC 1000-4-8: Magnetic Field Immunity– IEC 1000-4-11: Voltage Interruptions (blackout and
brownouts)
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE:for SAFE PRODUCTS
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
LVD TEST PROCEDURE
• Self-Declaration
Test ProductReport &
Technical FileManufacturer puts
CE Mark Manufacturer Labels
Products
Sell Product
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
• Labeling and marking• Language• User Instructions• Service Information
• Design requirements• Heating• Electrical
characteristics• Abnormal operation• Power connection• Construction
Most Standards address the same issues - Requirements depend on the type of product and where it will be installed
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Common Safety StandardsEquipment Tests Required
Arc Welder EN 50199:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Product standardfor arc welding equipment
Industrial Equipment EN 55011:1998: Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequencyequipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods ofmeasurement
TVs, Radios EN 55013:1990: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of broadcast receivers and associated equipment
EN 55020:1994: Electromagnetic immunity of broadcast receivers andassociated equipment
Appliances EN 55014-1:1993: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 1:Emission - Product family standard
EN 55014-2:1997: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 2:Immunity - Product family standard
Lighting EN 55015:1996: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment
Computers and informationTechnology Equipment
EN 55022:1998: Information technology equipment - Radio disturbancecharacteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
EN 55024:1998: Information technology equipment - Immunitycharacteristics –Limits and methods of measurement
Audio and video for professional use EN 55103-1 and -2:1996: Electromagnetic compatibility – Product familystandard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lighting controlapparatus for professional use
EN 55104:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility – Immunity requirementsfor household appliances, tools and similar apparatus – Product familystandard
Household equipment EN 61000-3-2:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3-2:Limits -Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current upto and including 16A per phase)
Household equipment EN 61000-3-3:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3: Limits -- Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltagesupply systems for equipment with rated current up to 16 A
Laboratory Equipment EN 61326:1997: Electrical equipment for measurement, control andlaboratory use - EMC requirements
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
CE Marking• Must be affixed to:
• Product• Packaging• Instructions for use, OR• Guarantee certificate
• Can be used with other marks providing they do not reduce the visibility and legibility of the mark
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Labeling and MarkingLabeling and Marking
• Rated voltage or voltage range:115/230V~ or 100-240V~ or 230V~ or 400V 3~
• Rated frequency:50-60Hz or 50/60Hz
• Rated current or power:10/5A or 10-5A; 200W or 200VA
NOTE:
230/ 400V~ are the harmonized voltages for the European Union.
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Labeling and MarkingLabeling and Marking• Manufacturer’s name or registered
trademark.
• Model or type number.
• Fuse replacement info (if applicable).
• IEC symbols wherever possible.
• Warnings and Cautions appropriate for the particular equipment.
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
LanguageLanguage• ‘Safety-related’ information to be in
appropriate language.
• Service Instructions may be in English.
• Many times, the entire User Manual must be translated (for specific market)
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
User InstructionsUser Instructions
• Installation Instructions - information for installation, connection to the AC power, ventilation, etc
• All information regarding use, cleaning, maintenance (if necessary)
• All safety warnings
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Service Information Service Information • Fuse and component replacement information.• Special instructions to avoid hazards.• Schematics, wiring diagrams.• Special field installation and/or supply
connection information
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Radio Transmittersand Telecommunication
Devices
• R&TTE Directive
PLUS
• License by individual country
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
RTTE Main Features
• Scope covers radio and TTE• New Essential Requirements• No Specific Standards• Easier process based on Manufacturer’s
Declaration (increased liability for manufacturer)
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
RTTE Requirements• Safety per LVD requirements (but with no lower
voltage limit)• Protection per EMC Directive• Prevention of harm to the network• Radio Equipment shall effectively use spectrum• Apparatus shall:
– work w/other networks
– protect privacy
– support features to prevent fraud
– support access to emergency services
– support access by disabled persons
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
RTTE Effects
• Benefits– Reduced Testing Fees– Reduced Time-to-Market– Fewer Test Requirements
• Detriments– Increased Liability– Decreased protection for EU Manufacturers
• Marking– CE Mark (plus NB number for Radio Equipment)
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
EU Standards(a partial list)
• ETS 300 339: General EMC Standard for Radio Equipment• ETS 300 342-1: November 1994: EMC Standard for GSM (Part 1:
Mobiles and Portable)• ETS 300 342-2: November 1994: EMC Standard for GSM (Part 2: Base
Stations)• ETS 300 329: November 1994: EMC Standard for DECT• EN60215: Safety Requirements for Radio Transmitting Equipment• EN60950/IEC 950: Safety for Information Technology Equipment
URL: www.etsi.fr
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Declaration of ConformityApplication of Council Directive(s):
89/336/EEC, 72/23/EEC
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN55022, EN55024 (1998), EN60950
Manufacturer's Name: COMPANY NAME
Manufacturer's Address: ADDRESS
Importer's Name: (EU Representative's Name)
Importer's Address: (EU Representative's Address)
Type of Equipment: EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
Model Number: MODEL NUMBER
Year of Manufacture: (Year of Manufacture)
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specifiedabove conforms to the above Directive(s) and Standard(s).
__________________________(Full Name, Title)
__________________________(Signature)
__________________________ (Date)
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
WORLD MARKETS• Europe: EU Directive approach to compliance• Non-EU Europe: May accept CE Marking• Australia: C-Tick Mark for EMC (CISPR emissions
now)
• Japan: VCCI- Voluntary Control Council for Interference (CISPR emissions only)
• South Africa: Emissions requirements only• Mexico: NOM Certification
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
标签示例EXAMPLE LABEL
V I
S NFI D
NOM
COMPANY NAMEMODEL: XYZ123
LISTEDITEE123456
EN60950
100-240VAC 50/60 Hz130-170VA; 0.8-1.3A
MADE IN CHINA FOR INDOOR USE ONLYFUSE REPLACEMENT: T1.2
LEVEL 3LR12345
COMPANY NAMEOR MODEL NUMBER
US/CANADAUL and/or CSA
SPECIAL INFORMATIONUse, Fuse,Warnings
VOLTAGEFREQUENCY
POWER OR CURRENT
UL & CSA allow manufacturers to use “E” number or “LR” number instead of Manufacturer’s Name
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Washington LaboratoriesCapabilities
Testing and Certification Services
– Testing FCC European Norms IEC 801/ 1000
– UL Certificated Agency
– TCB affiliate
• Engineering– Design Engineering for Compliance Requirements
PCB Layout Enclosure and System Design Safety to UL, IEC, VDE, CSA, TUV, NRTL requirements
Training– EMC Design for International Compliance
– Customized, Modular Seminars