Washington Howe

•20,000 troops

•No navy•1,400 killed, wounded or captured

•34,000 troops

•10,000 sailors

•Had ships

Battle of Long Island

• Washington led his troops down to New York in anticipation of British

• In August, Howe’s army landed on Long Island

• http://www.history.com/topics/nathan-hale/videos#washington-loses-new-york-but-saves-the-revolution

•British forces caused Washington’s troop to retreat to Manhattan and then in November across Hudson River through New Jersey toward Pennsylvania

Nathan Hale

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqE2T4D-FQQ

Nathan Hale• Washington used many spies to find out where the enemy was

• Nathan Hale is a 21 year old Connecticut officer

• He hides maps and other information in his shoes

• He gets caught• He does not get a trial.• General Howe orders Hale

hanged on Sept. 21, 1776• He declared what by legend

says “I only regret that I have one life to give for my country”

Nathan Hale

The Crisis

Remember Thomas Paine????

What pamphlet did he write?

Well now George Washington needs him again. He writes a series of essays that are read to the troops. The first one…December 23, 1776.

• “THESE are the times that try men's souls… The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. We did not make a proper use of last winter, neither could we, while we were in a dependent state. However, the fault, if it were one, was all our own; we have none to blame but ourselves. But no great deal is lost yet. All that Howe has been doing for this month past, is rather a ravage than a conquest, which the spirit of the Jerseys, a year ago, would have quickly repulsed, and which time and a little resolution will soon recover.”

Battle of Trenton“Victory or death”

• As almost a final resort, George Washington decides to cross Delaware River from Pennsylvania on December 25, 1776.

•He leads them across treacherous icy river and surprises weary Hessian troops

• http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/history/whatswrong.htmhttp://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/history/whatswrong.htm

http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/history/whatswrong.htm

Washington v. Colonel Rall

•2400 troops•They capture most of the Hessians

• 1200 Hessian troops (German mercenaries)

Surrender

Battle of Princeton

Washington Cornwallis

Battle of Princeton

• British General Lord Charles Cornwallis hears about Battle of Trenton and tries to capture Washington

• He sees the fires of Washington’s troops burning and says “At last, we have run down the old fox…and we shall bag him in the morning.”

• Little did he know…Washington had moved his troops.

• They doubled back and attacked British and won!

From there he moved to Morristown for the winter

British General John Burgoyne’s plan

The British Plan• Because the British were

having a hard time beating the rebels…Burgoyne devised a plan in early 1777…Isolate New England..and the war would be over

The Plan..

• March on Albany, New York from 3 directions. This would cut off supplies and soldiers to New England

• His plan called for General Howe to come from New York City.

The King had other ideas

• He wanted Howe to get Philadelphia first.

• In July 1777, he sailed to Chesapeake Bay and marched to Philadelphia.

• Howe captured Philadelphia after defeating the Americans at Brandywine and Germantown

• Rather than going to Albany, he spent the winter in Philadelphia

• Washington’s troops spent winter in Valley Forge

Benedict Arnold

• Benedict Arnold stops another British army at Fort Stanwix.

• This leaves only Burgoyne’s army to go to march on Albany

• The British were slowed down because they were trying to move heavy baggage carts through the woods and Patriots cut down trees and dammed up streams to block the route.

• British recapture Fort Ticonderoga

• But then….remember the Green Mountain Boys?

Battle of Saratoga

Battle of Saratoga• Green Mountain Boys

rushed in from Vermont.• The Americans

surrounded the British• Burgoyne surrendered on

October 17, 1777

What Battle did for U.S.• Was a major turning point in war

• Ended British threat to New England

• Convinced France to become an ally---Groups that work together to achieve common goal.

• Other countries like Prussia helped train the army.

• Two Polish officers helped build forts and trained the calvary--troops on horseback

Valley Forge

Valley Forge

• Winter of 1777-1778 was long and extremely cold

• Soldiers suffered from frostbite and disease. They had no shoes.

• They got through that winter and they knew that their darkest hour was done.