WASH Product Design: Experiences obtaining consumer / user...
Transcript of WASH Product Design: Experiences obtaining consumer / user...
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WASH Product Design: Experiences obtaining consumer / user design
input in Cambodia
Mimi Jenkins Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of California Davis Email: [email protected]
Mar 5, 2015
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Design Thinking
1. What do people want and need? (Desirability)
2. What is technically possible to produce and sell? (Feasibility)
3. What is financially possible for local businesses? (Viability)
SOURCES: Chapin and Pedi (2013) Getting the Product and Service Right. Guidance Note 5, UNCEF
Sanitation Marketing Learning Series. Gates/IDEO (2009) Human Centered Design Toolkit.
Business (viability)
Technology (feasibility)
People (desirability)
Design
thinking
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Step I: Assess & understand user context, current
practices, & needs Rapid purposeful survey of current practices, existing
equipment, and perceptions of target users
Step 2: Use ‘sacrificial’ prototypes to find out what people
want, would buy, & why Global + local inventory of relevant product designs, key feature
variations
Extended consumer trials of physical prototypes
(or FGDs with product samples / prototypes)
Approach used in Cambodia for designing HW devices and IYC FM products
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Handwashing Device Design Study:
Equipment preferences of rural
Cambodians
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Step 1 Survey
• 10 purposefully selected villages
• 79 randomly selected households
• Interview and HW demonstration with adult female child caretaker
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Typical Handwashing Practice & Equipment in Study Villages
Filling a basin or bowl with water from an outdoor storage jar using a dipper or
bowl, immersing hands into the basin to wash and then re-filling the bowl from the
storage jar, often several times, to rinse, while squatting near the storage jar.
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Dedicated HW Equipment
• Only 4 of 79 surveyed households had purchased dedicated equipment installed at fixed location – “to make handwashing easier”, “have all things for
handwashing in one place”
• 95% : no dedicated HW equipment or station
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HW device interest & desired features
• Relatively high levels of latent demand => 52% had thought about building or buying equipment to use just for handwashing
• Desired equipment features: tap, soap holder and basin
• Inspired by seeing handwash facilities connected to piped water at clinic/hospital, friends/relatives, on TV, and other away settings
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Step 2: Extended consumer testing and trial of “sacraficial” prototypes
• Conducted in 5 villages from survey – Device usability, likeability, preferences and
potential for HW behavior change
– 22 surveyed households, with children
– 5 alternative device designs
– Each household tested 2 devices, each for 1 week
– Selective & intentional pairing of device assignments (more rural/remote vs more urban/exposed)
– Option to purchase preferred device for $1
– In-depth debrief after week 1 and after week 2
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Coleman
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Tippy Tap
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Bucket with
tap
attachment
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Bucket with
hose
attachment
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Bucket with
Ladle
attachment
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20 L
15 L
10 L
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Desired Water Delivery Mechanism & Features
• Controllable Tap most desired & preferred by far
• 80% testing Tap device purchased tap device over alternative (ladle, hose)
• Ability to turn on/off & control flow valued
• Consistent with Tap as most desired feature from survey
• Tap provides functional and aspiration value
• Adding a basin would be good
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Desired Water Storage Container Attributes & Features
• Highly durable, sturdy, for rough handling, outdoor installation
• Rigidity & stability, empty or full, stay in place on surface, and during refill
• Wide mouth opening, easy-to-remove lid, for easy refilling at storage jar
• Minimum 15 L, up to 20 L, refill 1-2 times/day max
• Strong handle for easy refill carrying
• Accommodate child refilling
• Place on surface, dislike of hanging
• Transparency – secondary desire
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Tippy Tap Perceptions
• Compared to old method, seen as improvement (week 1)
• Compared to other devices, and when tested second, seen as inferior to other designs
• Difficulty operating foot mechanism
• Narrow container opening difficult for refilling
• Higher frequency of daily refilling (small volume)
• Low container durability
• Difficult for children to operate alone
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Trial Device Purchase Rates
Device Type Tested Purchased
Coleman (tap) 10 3 (30%)
Tippy Tap 6 1 (17%)
Bucket w/ Tap 10 8 (80%)
Bucket w/ Hose 10 5 (50%)
Bucket w/ Ladle 8 4 (50%)
Total 44 21
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Concluding Thoughts
• Multi-day trialing of physical prototypes allowed people to easily talk about what they liked /disliked and why, providing critical information and insights for design thinking
• Trying two prototypes with intentionally contrasting features of interest (i.e. container attributes, water delivery mechanism) much richer, more detailed product design information
• Extended consumer testing / behavioral trial of prototypes also provided evidence of behavior change potential and consumer value
• Use FGDS if no time/$$ for extended consumer testing
• Just first step of iterative DESIGN process!!
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Design Thinking
1. What do people want and need? (Desirability)
2. What is technically possible to produce and sell? (Feasibility)
3. What is financially possible for local businesses? (Viability)
SOURCES: Chapin and Pedi (2013) Getting the Product and Service Right. Guidance Note 5, UNCEF
Sanitation Marketing Learning Series. Gates/IDEO (2009) Human Centered Design Toolkit.
Business (viability)
Technology (feasibility)
People (desirability)
Design
thinking
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Follow up Resources
• Chapin and Pedi (2013) Getting the Product and Service Right. Guidance Note 5, UNCEF Sanitation Marketing Learning Series (on-line at UNICEF WASH resources).
• Gates/IDEO (2009) Human Centered Design
Toolkit (www.designkit.org)
• www.WaterSHED.org, for Cambodia HW device design study reports, posters, and papers and Cambodia IYC FM product design