Was kommt nach 4G? - ETH Z...Ref.: CISCO Gobal IP and Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, June 2014...

Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF) Juerg Leuthold 28.05.2015 1 | |

Juerg Leuthold

ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Was kommt nach 4G?


Die Antwort

5G 6G


Outline

The Trends

The Physics

New Hardware Concepts to Overcome Transmission Bottleneck

• Millimeter Wave, THz Technologies

• Massive Multiple-Input – Multiple Output (MIMO)

• Beam-Steering

• More Efficient Power Distribution

• Smaller Cells


Global IP Forecast

Ref.: CISCO Gobal IP and Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, June 2014

2005 2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

IP Forecast 2005-2011

Exa

Byte

/Mon

th

Year2005 2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150 IP Forecast 2005-2011 IP Forecast 2010-2015

Exa

Byte

/Mon

th

Year2005 2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150 IP Forecast 2005-2011 IP Forecast 2010-2015 IP Forecast 2013-2018 Mobile Forecast 2013-2018

Exa

Byte

/Mon

th

Year2005 2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150 IP Forecast 2005-2011 IP Forecast 2010-2015 IP Forecast 2013-2018 Mobile Forecast 2013-2018

Exa

Byte

/Mon

th

Year

40% Annual Growth

20% Annual Growth

60% Annual Growth

Wireless communications is becoming a commodity. Much like water,… . Large number of emerging services


An jedem Ort, zu jeder Zeit – alle mit allem

Internet der Dinge Dinge sind vernetzt

Soziale Netzwerke Personen sind vernetzt

Meine Brille, Meine Jacke,….

© by www.dreamstime.com


An jedem Ort, zu jeder Zeit – unterwegs zu Fuss

Quelle Google

Google Glasses 2


An jedem Ort, zu jeder Zeit – im Auto

Die Welt, Mit dem Tiefflug-Display über die deutsche Autobahn, 21.7. 2012 © by BMW Deutschland


Data Mining – die Kunst Information zu nutzen “90% aller Mobiltelefone sind weniger als 3 m von Ihren Besitzern entfernt” Google


Data-Mining

Die Welt, Mit dem Tiefflug-Display über die deutsche Autobahn, 21.7. 2012

Susi - Liebt Gershwin - Abstand halten - 2 Unfälle

Information verknüpft Information freigeben

© by BMW Deutschland


Rotierender Sensor auf dem Dach überwacht die Umgebung innerhalb von 60 m in 3D.

Ref.: COSC 311 - Spring 2012 report by Google

Autonomes Fahren:

Computer sehen mehr, schlafen nicht, und fahren präzsier. Behinderte Leute werden wieder mobil.

Google: 120’000 km autonomes Fahren in 2010.

Neue Anwendungen – Eben noch Vision!

https://sites.google.com/site/cosc311s12/


Neue Anwendungen – Jetzt Realität!

Ref.: 6. Mai 2015; http://www.heise.de

Daimlers autonomer Lkw darf auf Nevadas Straßen fahren.

(Wer selber fährt wird über kurz oder lang mehr Versicherung bezahlen.)

Computer sehen mehr, schlafen nicht, und fahren präzsier. Behinderte Leute werden wieder mobil.


Autonomes Fahren LiDAR = Light detection and ranging

3 km with 100-mm precision (ROX™ µLRF series of micro-laser rangefinder from Voxtel )

Radar = Radio detection and ranging

24 GHz and 76 GHz Pending: 77 to 81 GHz frequency range

Continental – autonomous driving radar


Car-to-X Communications Car-to-car

Frequency spectrum in the 5.9 GHz; IEEE 802.11 www.car-2-car.org

Car-to-Infrasturcture


Outline

The Trends

The Physics


• Millimeter Wave, THz Technologies


• Beam-Steering


• Smaller Cells


Channel Capacity

Claude Elwood Shannon passed away on 25 February, 2001 age 84.

He worked at MIT Boston in the period 1958–1978. While being with Bell Laboratories, he wrote the famous paper:

“A mathematical theory of communication.” Bell Syst. Tech. J. 27 (1948) 379–423, 623–56


Shannon Channel Capacity

2log 1 S

N

PC BP

= ⋅ +

Available Bandwidth Available

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)

Solution 1: Choose a carrier with a large spectral range

Solution 2: Increase the signal power

Solution 3: Multiply the number of transmitters

Remark: Here – I only discuss hardware solutions will bring a factor 100 Software and coding theory is another topic will bring another factor 100

Smarter devices, better compression, new architecture,…


Outline

The Trends

The Physics


• Millimeter Wave, THz Technologies (Solution 1)


• Beam-Steering


• Smaller Cells

𝐶 = 𝐵 ⋅ log2 1 +𝑃𝑆𝑃𝑁


The Electromagnetic Spectrum


Optical Fiber > 30 THz of Bandwidth

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Loss

Infrared OH A Rayleigh Multimod

20 THz

10 THz

200 THz 300 THz


mm-Wave Atmospheric Attenuation

ITU-R P.676-8, 2009.

Atm

osph

eric

Atte

nuat

ion

[dB

/km

]

Frequency [GHz] Kallfass et al., “All Active MMIC-Based Wireless Communication at 220 GHz,“ IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science & Technology, vol.1, no.2, pp.477-487, 2011.

28-38 GHz 60 GHz 71-76 GHz

92-95 GHz 240 GHz

(Factor 100 but LOS) (Factor 10)

Shorter Range, More Power!


Data Rates in Wired and Wireless Comm.

Kleine-Ostmann, T. & Nagatsuma, T., „A Review on Terahertz Communications Research,“, Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Springer New York, 2011, 32, 143-171

220 GHz

60 GHz

2.4 GHz


100 Gbit/s Wireless Link

Ref.: Koenig, S., et al., Nature Photonics, 2013. 7(12): p. 977-981.


Photonic mm-Wave Transmitter


Electronic mm-Wave Receiver


Outline

The Trends

The Physics




• Beam-Steering


• Smaller Cells



MIMIO=Multiple Input Multiple Output

Massive MIMO

Idea: 3 Tx send at the same frequency but from a different location. 3 Rx receive and exchange information. Since signal from antenna 1 is received with a time delay in antenna 1,2 and 3 one can distinguish the information.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO_%28Nachrichtentechnik%29


Massive MIMO

http://argos.rice.edu/

96 antenna @ 2.4 GHz

MobiCom '13 Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Mobile computing & networking

Scaling with Antenna

Xilinx user forum

100 antenna to serve up to 8 users, each with a 4-fold higher bandwidth.

Factor 10

http://www.sigmobile.org/mobicom/2013/


Outline

The Trends

The Physics




• Beam-Steering


• Smaller Cells



Beam-Steering

Δt1

Δt2

Δt3

θ

d

d

in


Beam-Steering

Do not broadcast energy everywhere – rather send it in the direction of the user! Less electromagnetic radiation evenly distributed More power distributed to the user Multiple Users at different locations could be served


Beam-Steering

(a)

Time [ns]0 1 2 3 4 5-50

0

Ampl

itude

[mV]

Rx Signals for 8 Symbols SwitchingUser 1User 2

50

Experiment: 2 Users at different locations Each receives 5 Gbit/s

ETH: To be published Factor 10


Optical-RF Tx

The Bigger Vision: An all Integrated Wireless Link

Optical-RF Rx


Outline

The Trends

The Physics




• Beam-Steering


• Smaller Cells



Adapt Power Based on User Need

Source: P. Fritschi et al., “Workshop LTE; Funktechnik, Messtechnik, Regulation; Forschungsstiftung Mobilkommunikation, ETH Zürich”

Few Users Multiple Users

Today: Every users is receiving the same power. Better: Send those who are further away more power and those that are more close less power.

Factor 2


Outline

The Trends

The Physics




• Beam-Steering


• Smaller Cells



Idea: Shorter distance More power

Smaller Cells

(to compensate for higher frequency band losses)


Thank you!

Was kommt nach 4G? - ETH Z...Ref.: CISCO Gobal IP and Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, June 2014...

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Transcript of Was kommt nach 4G? - ETH Z...Ref.: CISCO Gobal IP and Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, June 2014...