Wartsila wind seminar wind als stuwende kracht leo de vries 8jun12 mask2
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Transcript of Wartsila wind seminar wind als stuwende kracht leo de vries 8jun12 mask2
Wind as driving force(Wind als stuwende kracht)
Wärtsilä seminar: “Wind door de keten”
Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"1 © Wärtsilä
Ship Power TechnologyShip Performance Management ProgrammeLeo de Vries
8 June 2012
Content
• Challenge today – marine fuels
• Incorporating wind as driving force
• Exploring scenario’s
• First findings
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"2 © Wärtsilä
Challenge today - Environmental drivers
• Environment– Emission reduction
• NOX emissions
• SOX emissions
– SECA areas
– EU ports
– The next step will be climate change• Greenhouse gases
– Focus on CO2 emissions
• Particles
• Fuel cost
– Increasing oil prices
8 June 20123 © Wärtsilä Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"
Challenge today - Marine fuels
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"4 © Wärtsilä
Energy in fuel
100%
45.3%
Brake power
46.5%
Heat and losses
53.5% 42.7%
Transmission losses
1.2%
Utilised exhaust heat recovery
2.8%
Utilised HT water heat recovery
1.9%
Surplus recoverable exhaust heat
8.0%
Surplus recoverable HT water heat
12.0%
Utilised energy (32.5%)
Losses
28.8%
Electric power
4.2%
Effective power
23.6%Additional
resistance from waves, wind
and hull fouling
3.5%
Propulsion losses
14.0%
Lo
sses
an
du
nu
sed
en
erg
y
Ferry at 22 knotsEstimates
Challenge today - Marine fuels
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"5 © Wärtsilä
SAIL
COAL
DIESEL
HFO
LNG
Methanol
DME
SAIL
Today
We will see a more diverse fuel palette in the future
Bio diesel
Dimethyl ether
Challenge today - Marine fuels
• Different wind propulsion concepts are under development in the market
• There is a need for understanding their merits and how to integrate them in the power management
• Being a total system provider, this understanding is acquired
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"6 © Wärtsilä
http://wordlesstech.com/2011/06/14/seaplane-convertible-trimaran-sailing-yacht/
Challenge today - Marine fuels
• Wind propulsion
• Modern Wind propulsion systems become visible
• Conceptual ship designs on the drawing boards
– Will they fly for commercial shipping?
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"7 © Wärtsilä
Challenge today - Marine fuels
“Wind as driving force”
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"8 © Wärtsilä
Which way is this boat going to travel?
Challenge today - Marine fuels
Put it to the test
• Purdue University, Indiana USA wanted to know the “real” answer
– The cart moves to the right, as expected
– With a large “sail” (rectangular card) the system does not move
– If the fan is put detached the cart accelerates away from the fan
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"9 © Wärtsilä
Conclusion:The overall change in the momentum determines the direction
https://www.physics.purdue.edu/demos/display_page.php?item=1H-02
Challenge today - Marine fuels
Today
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"10 © Wärtsilä
GEAR
15.2 MW
9L50DF8.55 MW
15.2 MW
9L50DF8.55 MW
Wind alternative
GEAR 15.2 MW
9L50DF8.55 MW
Challenge today - Marine fuels
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"11 © Wärtsilä
Incorporating wind as driving force requires further understanding of integration & application onboard
Incorporating wind as driving force
• Wind propulsion in 1843
• S.S. Great Britain:
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"12 © Wärtsilä
The s.s. Great Britain in 1843 (Painting by Keith A. Griffin)http://www.red-duster.co.uk/GREAT3.htm
•Three-bladed propeller fitted with a clutch to allow it to freely rotate when the ship was under sail (Upgrade after grounding)
•The length of the voyage to Australia meant that the ship had to depend a lot on sail to conserve fuel.•New rig proved to be unsatisfactory and there was still excessive drag of the propeller.•The sails were put back as auxiliary
Incorporating wind as driving force
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"13 © Wärtsilä
17-18e eeuw routes naar de Oost:Hendrik Brouwer verkende in 1613 een route die vanaf de Kaap iets zuidwaarts aanhield om dan langs de 38e breedtegraad in oostelijke richting tot vlak voor de kust van West-Australië te varen. Pas daar ging men noordwaarts. Hierdoor kon men profiteren van de westenwinden die op deze route heersen. Daardoor werd de reistijd ingekort van één jaar tot vijf of zes maanden.
http://www.vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/navigatie.html
http://www.bataviawerf.nl/de-voc-route-naar-azie.html
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereenigde_Oostindische_Compagnie
Incorporating wind as driving force
Commercial wind-shipping today:
Carbon-Neutral Chocolate Bars!• March 24th 2012: 24 000 chocolate bars arrived in Portsmouth
• By Sailing on the 105 foot wooden brigantine Tres Hombres from Fairtransport Holland
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"14 © Wärtsilä
http://blog.rococochocolates.com/category/fair-transport-2/
Gru Grococo barRococo Chocolates and the Grenada Chocolate Company
$21/100 gram retail priceBeing the most expensive bar
Crew: “It was fantastic, a real adventure.”
http://www.fairtransport.eu/
“Ships from wood and man of steel“The required crew type:•New look and.. •Sailing skills!
Fairtransport BV, Den Helder - Netherlands
Incorporating wind as driving force
• Ships and shipping operations today are accurately tailored
• Incorporating wind implies disturbances on various aspects
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"15 © Wärtsilä
Shipping aspect today
Conventional drive trains Aux wind Main wind
Availability++
high+
acceptable+/-low
Time of arrival++
predictable, fast+
negotiable--
variable
Costs++
optimized and predictable
+/-increase
-uncertain
Power supply management
++automated
+/-to be developed
N/Afluctuating
Crew speed demand++
single lever+/-
negotiableN/A
not always met
Routing & naviating++
well established+/-
negotiable
--alternatives to be
accepted
Incorporating wind as driving force
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"16 © Wärtsilä
Speed, propulsion
Manoeuvrability
General Arrangement
Capacities
Stability
Structure
Equipment
Energy
Machinery
Weights
Cost
Mission performance
Main dimensions
Shape
Wind power 2
Applying wind by 7 main steps in the design process
Incorporating wind as driving force
• Flettner rotor case
Lift and drag model of a flettner rotor
ship & operational performances
CAPEXOPEX (incl. Availability)
n
!Vw
FFL
DFL
FFL=f(!,Vw,n)
Diameter,Height
WeightStructural support
Power demand!,Vw,n
Steel price/kgOil price/tonRoute scenarios
Euros, risks, availability, flexibility
Rotor positionShip speedWind speedRoll
Propeller propulsionPower supply
Total mass Displacement Resistance
Fuel consumption
Little excercise
Incorporating wind as driving force
• Sail performance
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"18 © Wärtsilä
Incorporating wind as driving force
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"19 © Wärtsilä
Different conditions, different sailsReaching sails are r0, r1, r3, r5 and r7. Running sails are designated as r2, r4 and r6.
http://www.minisail.nl/user/pop.php?boot_id=NTQ4
http://hydroptere.com60kn record
http://www.blur.se/2007/04/19/asymmetric/
Exploring scenario’s – General Cargo ship
Application case: general cargo ship
Comparison six different auxiliary wind propulsion systems:
– Cat sail rig
– Square sail
– Wing sail
– Multi-wing sail
– Flettner rotor
– Turbosail
Scope of work till now:
• Sail performances derived from literature
• Ship stability has been taken into account
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"20 © Wärtsilä
ADEPT Project, Curtsey Student Jan Jaap van TuijlPartner contributions: TU Delft, MARIN, TNO
Exploring scenario’s – General Cargo ship
• Ship average sailing speed and fuel consumption
• Of the different sailing rigs in the different sailing modes
• Total sailed distance 75969 [nm]
• Power train performances & control to be further detailed
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"21 © Wärtsilä
Exploring scenario’s – General Cargo ship
• Mass and ship stability:
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"22 © Wärtsilä
Exploring scenario’s – General Cargo ship
• Costs of rig and per ton/mile
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"23 © Wärtsilä
Exploring scenario’s – General Cargo ship
• Weather route profile from GES-Gulliver journey has been used to quantify first impact of sails on ADEPT-Gen.cargo design case
• 1 route has been substracted from 11 000 hours of sailing over 40 routes under real weather conditions
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"24 © Wärtsilä
Exploring scenario’s – General Cargo ship
• Maximum sale areas have been determined on the bases of stability under all loading conditions
• Operational conditions:
– Ballast slow
– Loaded slow
– Ballast cruise
– Loaded cruise
• Weather conditions based onSPOS database
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"25 © Wärtsilä
Exploring scenario’s – General Cargo ship
• The highest reduction in term of cost and fuel consumption is achieved in the slowest operation mode, minimize cost per ton mile.
– Fuel savings: 357 - 451 [ton]
– Cost reduction: $145,899 - $180,474
Three Flettner rotors has the largest fuel consumption reduction, 451 [ton]
• In constant speed mode the time and speed differences are negligible after 75969 nautical miles
– Fuel savings: 112-192 [ton]
– Cost reduction: $96,362- $128,880
The highest fuel and cost reduction are achieved with the square rig: 192 [ton]
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"26 © Wärtsilä
Exploring scenario’s – Tanker
Slowing down speed:
– Challenging new concepts and solutions
– Extreme de-rating Wärtsilä 7RT-Flex50D
– Full scale trials slow-steaming + de-rating (Wintertur involved) + PEM
– Full integration of performances in the design process (3 iterations)
– Targeting the best ship for the future
• Retrofit
• 2020 new-built
• 2050 scenarioCosts
Crew
Fuel
SpeedVmi
nTechnological and
safety limitation
Optimum
Fuel + Crew
Significant personnel
costs
Significant fuel costs
8 June 201227 © Wärtsilä Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"
EU Project ULYSSES: http://www.ultraslowships.comPartner contributions: SSPA, Chalmers University, Crain Technology, TNO, TORM Tankers
Exploring scenario’s – Tanker
• Wind Propulsors:
– Kite
– Rigid sail
– Flettner rotor
Integrating:
– Weather routing optimization for wind assistance
– Full scale tests & quantification of flettner rotors
– Interacting with:
• Propulsion train (CPP and engine)
• sea keeping
• manoeuvring
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"28 © Wärtsilä
Wind negotiating routing algorithm
Exploring scenario’s – Tanker
Case: handymax tanker Torm Lilly
• Utilising 4 flettner rotors
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"29 © Wärtsilä
Ship Power, accounting for 10% engine load contribution
First draft results
Exploring scenario’s – Tanker
• Power reduction with kite application
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"30 © Wärtsilä
First draft results
Exploring scenario’s – Tanker
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"31 © Wärtsilä
First findings
• Findings:
– Kite gives very high wind thrust already at relatively low wind speeds, useful in beam and following winds.
– Rotors give very good wind thrust in high wind speeds and gives a fuel reduction already from wind directions about 40 degrees.
– Suction sails is somewhat less effective than rotors.
– None of the wind propulsors show any significant influence on the ship behaviour in general, except that rotors and suction sails demands high rudder angles for some conditions. This is especially noted if the propeller is stopped.
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"32 © Wärtsilä
First findings
• 100% sail propulsion is questionable for commercial shipping
• Sail Auxiliary has potential
• There is significant potential contribution to power savings from sails calculated based on realistic crossing and weather conditions.
• Off design conditions need to be further investigated in view of propulsor interactionsIn particular when:
– Sail contributions are significant
– And/or conventional propulsor contributions are small
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"33 © Wärtsilä
Some other alternatives
8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"34 © Wärtsilä
Source: Leo de Vries
Drehwurm, WC Eutin 2001Zagreb team, IWR Zagreb 1999 Tabasco from Bremen team, IWR Zagreb 1999
www.waterbike.eu former www.waterbiking.org
Thank you