Warmup 9/24/15

Write a story togo with the following picture.

Focus on theplants.

Objective Tonight’s Homework

Classify ferns and other vascular plants without seeds

pp 294: 1, 2, 3, 4

Notes on Ferns

All plants except those related to mosses have a vascular system.

They use this system to transport water and dissolved minerals.

Ferns and other related plants in phylum pterophyta are vascular, but strangely don’t have seeds.

Notes on Ferns

Fern Shapes

Ferns can be found in many locations, and grow in many ways.

Some are what we call epiphytes. These plants live on others but aren’t parasitic.

Examples include plants like bromeliads.

Notes on Ferns

Some are tree ferns, which grow on long trunks. These trunks are actually hard stems, not solid wood.

The Australian tree fern is aprime example.

Notes on Ferns

Some are tree ferns, which grow on long trunks. These trunks are actually hard stems, not solid wood.

The Australian tree fern is aprime example.

Some grow as vines, like this climbing vine fern.

Notes on Ferns

Some are tree ferns, which grow on long trunks. These trunks are actually hard stems, not solid wood.

The Australian tree fern is aprime example.

Some grow as vines, like this climbing vine fern.

Others grow floating in water, like the water sprite.

Notes on Ferns

Fern Structure

The base of the fern is composed of the roots. These are true roots, absorbing nutrients for the plant.

v

Notes on Ferns

Fern Structure

The base of the fern is composed of the roots. These are true roots, absorbing nutrients for the plant.

The connect to therhizome, anunderground stem.

v

Notes on Ferns

Fern Structure

The base of the fern is composed of the roots. These are true roots, absorbing nutrients for the plant.

The connect to therhizome, anunderground stem.

The upper part iscalled the frond. These are usuallythin and delicate.

Notes on Ferns

The Life Cycle of Ferns

We’ll start withthe fern itself.

The fern is asporophyte andwill be producingspores on theunderside ofsome of thefronds.

Notes on Ferns

The Life Cycle of Ferns

These sporesare called sori,and are collectedtogether assporangia.

Notes on Ferns

The Life Cycle of Ferns

These sporangiadivide throughmeiosis, and are haploid, containing onlyhalf the chromosomes ofthe parent fern.

We denote thisas “n”, representingn chromosomes

Notes on Ferns

The Life Cycle of Ferns

These sporesform the gametophytephase of thefern.

This phase of theplant is rathershort-lived andquite small (3 to5 cm at most).

Notes on Ferns

The Life Cycle of Ferns

As this phasegrows, it turnsinto a prothallus,a small, flat,heart-shapedplant containingsexual organsfor male and female reproduction.

Notes on Ferns

The Life Cycle of Ferns

Here we see thefamiliarantheridium andarchegonium.

Like in mosses,the sperm needsliquid water toswim to the egg.

Notes on Ferns

The Life Cycle of Ferns

After fertilization,the fern beginsto grow and theprothallus dies.

We’ve nowlooped around tothe diploidphase. Thesecontain 2nchromosomesand we call themdiploid.

Notes on Ferns

Other Seedless Plant Phyla

There are 3 other phyla besides the ferns.

Sphenophyta

These are the horsetails. Their roots continue to grow year after year, but the stalk above-ground dies every year.

Notes on Ferns

Lycophyta

These are called club mosses even though they aren’t actually mosses. Most of these are evergreens and grow needles. The spores are usually stored in the tips of the needles.

Notes on Ferns

Psilophyta

These are the whiskferns. These strange plants are made mostly of rhizoids and contain no true roots or leaves. Instead, they create small scales.

Exit Question

What principal difference separates ferns from mosses?

a) Ferns have a gametophyte, mosses have a sporophyteb) Ferns have a sporophyte, mosses have a gametophytec) Ferns have a vascular systemd) Mosses have a vascular systeme) There is no principal differencef) None of the above