Warm-Up Sept. 1st Determine whether each statement is a causation or a correlation.1. The number of cold snowy days, and the amount of hot

chocolate sold at a ski resort.2. The number of miles driven and the amount of gas used.3. The number of additional calories consumed and the

amount of weight gained.4. The age of a child and his/her shoe size.5. The amount of cars a salesperson sells and how much

commission he makes.

Analyzing Relationships Between Two Categorical

Variables

Female or Male? Favorite Social Network?

No. Gender Social Media No. Gender Social Media

Handed and Social Media

Pie Chart- Only displays one categorical variable.

Two Way Table

Facebook Instagram Snapchat Twitter Tumblr TotalMale

FemaleTotal

Female or Male? Favorite Social Network?• What proportion of students is left handed? Right handed?• What proportion of students use each type of social network?• What proportion of students are males and use Facebook?• What proportion of Facebook users are male?• What proportion of Facebook users are female?• What proportion of females use Facebook?• What proportion of males use Facebook?• If we want to determine whether females or males are more likely to

use Facebook, which pair of proportions would be more relevant to consider, the questions in four and five, or six and seven? Why?• Do you think the difference is significant?

Copy the following tables.1) Students asked if they prefer to go swimming or to the gym.

2) Some people asked about their favorite outdoor sport.

Swimming Gym Total

Boys 25 45

Girls

Total 64 100

Hiking Canoeing Climbing TotalUnder 15’s 42 150

15 – 30 30 47 100Over 30 30 15

Total 75 300

Task #9: Titanic SurvivorsOn April 15, 1912, the Titanic sank after tragically striking an iceberg. The two-way table below breaks down the likelihood of survival by class of passenger.

Discuss whether the following statement is accurate. If so, use proportions from the table above to support the statement. If the statement is not accurate, explain why? “Since more crew survived (212) than any other class, the crew were more likely to survive the sinking than any class of passenger.”

a) What are the cases in this dataset? What are the variables?

b) Determine whether each variable is categorical.c) Which variable is the explanatory and which is the

response variable?d) Based on the proportions above, do you believe

there is a correlation between class of passenger and survival? If so, is the association causal?

Task #10: Vaccine RecipientsIn a study of 500 children from a city, 238 were randomly selected to receive a new vaccine. The other 262 children were randomly selected to receive a placebo. The children and the physicians did not know to which group they have been assigned. After five years, 22 of the 238 children who received the vaccine had been infected with malaria; while 28 out of the 262 children who received the placebo had been infected with malaria.a) Is this an experiment or an observational study?b) What are the variables? Which are categorical/quantitative? Explanatory/

response?c) Using the information above, set up a two-way table to determine whether

the vaccine is effective.d) Use your two-way table to determine whether the vaccine is effective or not.e) Do you believe the vaccine is effective?

Task #11: Musical PreferencesThe 54 students in one of several middle school classrooms were asked two questions about musical preferences: “Do you like rock?” “Do you like rap?” The responses are summarized in the table below.

a) Is this a random sample, one that fairly represents the opinions of all students in the middle school?

b) What percentage of the students in the classroom like rock?c) Is there evidence in this sample of an association in this class between liking rock and

liking rap? Justify your answer by pointing out a feature of the table that supports it.d) Explain why the results for this classroom might not generalize to the entire middle

school.

Warm-Up Sep. 2nd

For the following table, copy and complete it, then answer the questions about types of coffee bought.

Coffee is sold in three types and in three weights.

a) How many people bought 100g of powdered coffee?

b) How many people bought ground coffee?

c) Out of the packets weighing 200g, what is the probability the packet bought contained granules?

  100g 200g 300g Total

Ground   50   120

Powder 80 35 26  

Granules 40 45   

Total 135   135 400