Warm-UpWarm-Up

Write down as many words that you can Write down as many words that you can think of that you associate with the term think of that you associate with the term “mental disorder.” “mental disorder.”

Next to these terms write down whether Next to these terms write down whether that word is positive or negative.that word is positive or negative.

What might this indicate in terms of What might this indicate in terms of attitudes towards mental disorders?attitudes towards mental disorders?

Mental and Emotional Mental and Emotional ProblemsProblems

Lesson 9Lesson 9

ObjectivesObjectives

Identify and describe characteristics of a Identify and describe characteristics of a variety of mental disordersvariety of mental disorders

Identify the signs of depression and Identify the signs of depression and warning signs of suicidewarning signs of suicide

Identify strategies for coping with Identify strategies for coping with depression and preventing suicidedepression and preventing suicide

Mental DisordersMental Disorders

An illness of the mind that can affect the An illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, productive lifea happy, healthful, productive life

Each year about 20% of the US population Each year about 20% of the US population are affected by some form of mental are affected by some form of mental disorder.disorder.Even though professional help is necessary, Even though professional help is necessary,

less than 7% actually receive help.less than 7% actually receive help.

Types of Mental DisordersTypes of Mental Disorders

Anxiety Disorder: Condition in which real or Anxiety Disorder: Condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to controlimagined fears are difficult to control Chronic fearChronic fear People with this disorder arrange lives to avoid the People with this disorder arrange lives to avoid the

situations that make them feel anxioussituations that make them feel anxious 4 main types4 main types

Phobias Phobias obsessive-compulsive disordersobsessive-compulsive disorders panic disorderspanic disorders Post-traumatic stress disordersPost-traumatic stress disorders

PhobiaPhobia

Strong and irrational fear of something Strong and irrational fear of something specificspecific

Impairs a person from living a normal lifeImpairs a person from living a normal lifeSome phobias can make people prisoners Some phobias can make people prisoners

in their own homes (agoraphobia- fear of in their own homes (agoraphobia- fear of public places, mysophobia- fear of dirt)public places, mysophobia- fear of dirt)

Some mental health professionals believe Some mental health professionals believe that certain phobias are caused by that certain phobias are caused by childhood experienceschildhood experiences

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ‘OCD’‘OCD’

Trapped inside a pattern of repeated Trapped inside a pattern of repeated thoughts and behaviorsthoughts and behaviors

““obsessive” persistent, recurrentobsessive” persistent, recurrent ““compulsive” repeated, irresistible compulsive” repeated, irresistible

behaviorsbehaviorsA person with OCD often goes through A person with OCD often goes through

repeated rituals throughout the day in repeated rituals throughout the day in order to suppress their anxietyorder to suppress their anxiety

Panic DisorderPanic Disorder

Condition in which fear and anxiety get in Condition in which fear and anxiety get in the way of a person’s ability to function the way of a person’s ability to function and enjoy lifeand enjoy life

Sudden, unexplained feelings of terrorSudden, unexplained feelings of terrorPanic attacks accompanied by trembling, Panic attacks accompanied by trembling,

pounding heart, shortness of breath, pounding heart, shortness of breath, dizzinessdizziness

Attacks can occur at any time, but are Attacks can occur at any time, but are most often triggered by a specific stimulusmost often triggered by a specific stimulus

Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Condition that may develop after exposure to a Condition that may develop after exposure to a terrifying even that threatened or caused terrifying even that threatened or caused physical harmphysical harm Could arise weeks or even months after the eventCould arise weeks or even months after the event

Common after personal assaults, natural Common after personal assaults, natural disasters, human-made disasters or military disasters, human-made disasters or military combatcombat

Symptoms may include: flashbacks, nightmares, Symptoms may include: flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, sleeplessness, guilt and emotional numbness, sleeplessness, guilt and problems concentratingproblems concentrating

Mood DisordersMood Disorders

Illness, often associated with and organic cause, Illness, often associated with and organic cause, that involves mood extremes that interfere with that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday livingeveryday living NOT the highs and lows that everyone experiencesNOT the highs and lows that everyone experiences NOT mood swings of adolescenceNOT mood swings of adolescence Emotional swings are extreme in both intensity and Emotional swings are extreme in both intensity and

durationduration

2 types of mood disorders are 2 types of mood disorders are clinical clinical depressiondepression and and bipolar disorderbipolar disorder

Clinical DepressionClinical Depression

Feelings of sadness that interfere with Feelings of sadness that interfere with daily living and endure for an extended daily living and endure for an extended period of timeperiod of time

Bipolar DisorderBipolar Disorder

Marked by extreme mood changes, energy Marked by extreme mood changes, energy levels and behaviorlevels and behavior Manic “highs” and depressive “lows”Manic “highs” and depressive “lows” Also referred to as manic-depressive disorderAlso referred to as manic-depressive disorder

Figure 9.1 pg 227Figure 9.1 pg 227 Although adults with this disorder may behave Although adults with this disorder may behave

normally between episodes, teens with the normally between episodes, teens with the disorder tend to alternate rapidly between the disorder tend to alternate rapidly between the two extremes with few clear periodstwo extremes with few clear periods

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Life threatening disturbances in eating Life threatening disturbances in eating behaviorbehavior

Most common include:Most common include:Anorexia nervosa: no eating or very minimal Anorexia nervosa: no eating or very minimal

eatingeatingBulimia: characterized by binging and then Bulimia: characterized by binging and then

purgingpurgingPica: eating of non-food materialsPica: eating of non-food materials

Wide range of physical complications Wide range of physical complications including heart conditions and kidney including heart conditions and kidney failurefailure

Conduct DisordersConduct Disorders

A pattern of behaviors in which the rights of A pattern of behaviors in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violatedothers or basic social rules are violated Lying, theft, vandalism, aggression, violence, arsonLying, theft, vandalism, aggression, violence, arson

More common among males than femalesMore common among males than females Usually appear ‘tough’ but actually have very Usually appear ‘tough’ but actually have very

low self esteemlow self esteem If not treated, many teens with this disorder will If not treated, many teens with this disorder will

not be able to adapt to the demands of not be able to adapt to the demands of adulthoodadulthood

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia Severe mental disorder in which a person loses Severe mental disorder in which a person loses

contact with realitycontact with reality Symptoms:Symptoms:

DelusionsDelusions HallucinationsHallucinations

Causes may be a combination of genetic factors Causes may be a combination of genetic factors and chemical or structural changes in the brainand chemical or structural changes in the brain

Those who suffer have difficulty distinguishing Those who suffer have difficulty distinguishing between real and imaginary eventsbetween real and imaginary events

Not usually a threat to othersNot usually a threat to others Professional help and medication are necessaryProfessional help and medication are necessary

Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders

Inability to get along with others because of the Inability to get along with others because of the way one things or behavesway one things or behaves

Affects approximately 10% of the populationAffects approximately 10% of the population Counseling and sometimes medication are Counseling and sometimes medication are

recommended treatmentsrecommended treatments 3 common personality disorders are:3 common personality disorders are:

Antisocial personality disorderAntisocial personality disorder Borderline personality disorderBorderline personality disorder Passive-aggressive personality disorderPassive-aggressive personality disorder

Antisocial Personality DisorderAntisocial Personality Disorder

Tend to be irritable, aggressive, impulsive Tend to be irritable, aggressive, impulsive and violentand violent

Unable to show remorse for behaviorUnable to show remorse for behavior

Borderline Personality DisorderBorderline Personality Disorder

Frequently experience a series of troubled Frequently experience a series of troubled relationshipsrelationships

Engagement in high risk activitiesEngagement in high risk activitiesPoor self-esteemPoor self-esteemFear abandonment, but often lash out at Fear abandonment, but often lash out at

the people they need the mostthe people they need the most

Passive-Aggressive Personality Passive-Aggressive Personality DisorderDisorder

Often uncooperativeOften uncooperativeResent being told what to do, but yet rely Resent being told what to do, but yet rely

on other’s directionon other’s directionGet angry over issues of control but will Get angry over issues of control but will

only show their anger indirectlyonly show their anger indirectly

Suicide: Warning Signs and Suicide: Warning Signs and PreventionPrevention

Terms:Terms:

Alienation: feeling isolated and separated Alienation: feeling isolated and separated from everyone elsefrom everyone else

Suicide: act of intentionally taking one’s Suicide: act of intentionally taking one’s own lifeown life

Cluster suicides: series of suicides Cluster suicides: series of suicides occurring within a short period of time and occurring within a short period of time and involving several people in the same involving several people in the same school or communityschool or community

Risk FactorsRisk Factors

DEPRESSION DEPRESSION over 90% of those who commit suicide suffer from over 90% of those who commit suicide suffer from

depression or another mental disorder, or are abusing depression or another mental disorder, or are abusing drugsdrugs

History of physical abuseHistory of physical abuse History of sexual abuseHistory of sexual abuse Previous suicide attemptsPrevious suicide attempts Family history of emotional disorders or suicidesFamily history of emotional disorders or suicides Figure 9.2 pg 231Figure 9.2 pg 231

Strategies to Prevent SuicideStrategies to Prevent Suicide

Anyone who talks about suicide must be taken Anyone who talks about suicide must be taken seriouslyseriously

Encourage someone who is depressed or Encourage someone who is depressed or mentally ill to seek helpmentally ill to seek help

Show concern and empathy to the person so Show concern and empathy to the person so that they know their life matters!that they know their life matters! Initiate a meaningful conversationInitiate a meaningful conversation Show support and ask questions about problemsShow support and ask questions about problems Try to persuade the person to seek helpTry to persuade the person to seek help

Getting HelpGetting Help

When Should You Seek Help?When Should You Seek Help?

If you feel trapped with no way out If you feel trapped with no way out You constantly worryYou constantly worryYour feelings affect sleep, eating, school Your feelings affect sleep, eating, school

work, job performance or relationshipswork, job performance or relationshipsFamily and friends express concern over Family and friends express concern over

your behavioryour behaviorYou are using alcohol or other drugsYou are using alcohol or other drugsYou are becoming increasingly You are becoming increasingly

aggressive, violent or reckless aggressive, violent or reckless

Afraid to Seek Help?Afraid to Seek Help?

Remember:Remember:Asking for help does not mean that you Asking for help does not mean that you

are weak. It is a sign of strength and are weak. It is a sign of strength and show’s responsibility for your well-beingshow’s responsibility for your well-being

People with mental disorders can’t get People with mental disorders can’t get better on their ownbetter on their own

Sharing your deepest thoughts with a Sharing your deepest thoughts with a ‘stranger’ is not embarrassing. In fact, ‘stranger’ is not embarrassing. In fact, most people find it gives them great relief.most people find it gives them great relief.

Understanding Death and Understanding Death and GriefGrief

Terms:Terms:

Coping: dealing successfully with difficult Coping: dealing successfully with difficult changes in your lifechanges in your life

Grief response: an individual’s total Grief response: an individual’s total response to a major lossresponse to a major loss

Grieving ProcessGrieving Process Denial or Numbness: Denial or Numbness:

Disbelief that the loss has occurredDisbelief that the loss has occurred Prevents person from being overwhelmed by emotionsPrevents person from being overwhelmed by emotions

Emotional Releases:Emotional Releases: Recognition of the lossRecognition of the loss Often involves periods of cryingOften involves periods of crying

Anger:Anger: Feeling powerless and deprived unfairlyFeeling powerless and deprived unfairly Lashing out at whatever you perceive to be responsibleLashing out at whatever you perceive to be responsible

Bargaining:Bargaining: Promise to change if what was lost can be returnedPromise to change if what was lost can be returned

DepressionDepression Remorse:Remorse:

Person becomes occupied with thoughts about what he or she could have done Person becomes occupied with thoughts about what he or she could have done to prevent the loss or make things betterto prevent the loss or make things better

Acceptance:Acceptance: Sense of powerSense of power Ability to face reality in constructive waysAbility to face reality in constructive ways Meaningful gestures surrounding the idea of lossMeaningful gestures surrounding the idea of loss

Hope:Hope: The point where remembering becomes less painful and the person can begin to The point where remembering becomes less painful and the person can begin to

look ahead to the futurelook ahead to the future

Coping with Death or CrisesCoping with Death or Crises

Give yourself time to reflectGive yourself time to reflectRemember the good timesRemember the good timesSeek support from friends and family. You Seek support from friends and family. You

don’t have to do it alone.don’t have to do it alone.Grief counselingGrief counselingGet back to daily routines as soon as Get back to daily routines as soon as

possiblepossibleEat nutritious foods and exercise regularlyEat nutritious foods and exercise regularlyDo something positive to help out othersDo something positive to help out others