Warm Up What did imperialism look like in Africa? What did imperialism look like in Africa? What did...

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Warm Up Warm Up What did imperialism look like in What did imperialism look like in Africa? Africa? What did imperialism look like in What did imperialism look like in India? India? How were the results similar… How were the results similar… different? different?

Transcript of Warm Up What did imperialism look like in Africa? What did imperialism look like in Africa? What did...

Page 1: Warm Up What did imperialism look like in Africa? What did imperialism look like in Africa? What did imperialism look like in India? What did imperialism.

Warm UpWarm Up

• What did imperialism look like in What did imperialism look like in Africa?Africa?

• What did imperialism look like in India?What did imperialism look like in India?

• How were the results similar…How were the results similar…different?different?

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New Imperialism in AsiaNew Imperialism in Asia

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IndochinaIndochina

• French ColonyFrench Colony

• Natural Natural resources resources particularly particularly rubberrubber

• Vietnam, Vietnam, Laos, Laos, CambodiaCambodia

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Thailand/SiamThailand/Siam

• IndependentIndependent

• ““Buffer” Buffer” between between British India British India and French and French IndochinaIndochina

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China - Internal ProblemsChina - Internal Problems

• By the 1800s, the Qing dynasty was in By the 1800s, the Qing dynasty was in declinedecline

• A A population explosion population explosion put stress on put stress on the governmentthe government

• An extravagant courtAn extravagant court, tax evasion, tax evasion, , official official corruptioncorruption, and , and briberybribery in the in the civil service system led to an increased civil service system led to an increased burden on the peasant class. burden on the peasant class.

• Emperors refused to change and Emperors refused to change and industrialize.industrialize.

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Trade IssueTrade Issue

• Prior to the 1800s, China placed strict Prior to the 1800s, China placed strict restrictions on traderestrictions on trade

• European merchants and traders were European merchants and traders were limited to a small area in southern Chinalimited to a small area in southern China

• China sold the Europeans silk, porcelain, China sold the Europeans silk, porcelain, and tea in exchange for gold and silverand tea in exchange for gold and silver

• China enjoyed a China enjoyed a trade surplustrade surplus, exporting , exporting more than it importedmore than it imported

• Westerners had a Westerners had a trade deficittrade deficit, buying , buying more from the Chinese than they sold to more from the Chinese than they sold to themthem

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Fixing the Trade Fixing the Trade ImbalanceImbalance

• During the 1700s, During the 1700s, BritishBritish merchants merchants introduced Indian introduced Indian opiumopium to China to China

• The opium was traded for Chinese tea, which The opium was traded for Chinese tea, which had become extremely popular in Englandhad become extremely popular in England

• Many Chinese citizens became addicted to Many Chinese citizens became addicted to the drug the drug

• Silver flowed out of China in payment for Silver flowed out of China in payment for opiumopium

• This disrupted the Chinese economy and This disrupted the Chinese economy and depleted the Chinese treasurydepleted the Chinese treasury

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The Opium WarThe Opium War

• The Chinese government outlawed opium The Chinese government outlawed opium and executed drug dealersand executed drug dealers

• They called on Britain to stop the opium tradeThey called on Britain to stop the opium trade• The British refused , calling for The British refused , calling for free tradefree trade• In 1839, Chinese warships clashed with In 1839, Chinese warships clashed with

British merchants, triggering the British merchants, triggering the Opium WarOpium War• British gunboats bombarded Chinese coastal British gunboats bombarded Chinese coastal

and river portsand river ports• The British used their The British used their superior weapons superior weapons and and

tactics to tactics to defeatdefeat Chinese forces Chinese forces

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Unequal TreatiesUnequal Treaties• In 1842, In 1842, Treaty of Nanjing Treaty of Nanjing ends Opium Wars.ends Opium Wars.• The British gained the island of The British gained the island of Hong KongHong Kong• China had to open China had to open five ports five ports to foreign tradeto foreign trade• British citizens were granted British citizens were granted extraterritorialityextraterritoriality, ,

the right to live under their own laws and be the right to live under their own laws and be tried in their own courtstried in their own courts

• This was the first in a series of “unequal This was the first in a series of “unequal treaties” that forced China to make treaties” that forced China to make concessions to western powersconcessions to western powers

• During the mid-1800s, under pressure from the During the mid-1800s, under pressure from the West, China opened up more ports to foreign West, China opened up more ports to foreign trade and let trade and let Christian missionaries Christian missionaries into Chinainto China

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The Taiping Rebellion The Taiping Rebellion 1850-18641850-1864

• As peasant misery increased, a rebellion As peasant misery increased, a rebellion broke outbroke out

• The rebellion was led by Hong Xiuquan, a The rebellion was led by Hong Xiuquan, a village school teacher who thought he was village school teacher who thought he was brother of Jesus Christ.brother of Jesus Christ.

• He wanted to establish a “Heavenly Kingdom He wanted to establish a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”- the Taipingof Great Peace”- the Taiping

• Hong’s ideas were considered radical by Hong’s ideas were considered radical by Chinese leadersChinese leaders

• He supported He supported land reform, community land reform, community ownership of property, and equality for ownership of property, and equality for women and menwomen and men

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EffectsEffects

• The rebellion almost toppled the Qing The rebellion almost toppled the Qing dynasty dynasty

• The rebellion caused an estimated The rebellion caused an estimated 20-20-30 million deaths30 million deaths

• The dynasty survived but was weakenedThe dynasty survived but was weakened

• During the rebellion, the During the rebellion, the Europeans kept Europeans kept the pressure on Chinathe pressure on China

• Russia seized lands in northern ChinaRussia seized lands in northern China

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Self-Strengthening Self-Strengthening GovernmentGovernment

• In the 1860s, In the 1860s, reformersreformers launched the launched the “self-strengthening movement”“self-strengthening movement”

• They They imported western technologyimported western technology- - modern factories, shipyards, modern factories, shipyards, railroads, mining, and light industryrailroads, mining, and light industry

• The movement made little progress The movement made little progress because the government did not because the government did not support itsupport it

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Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence• The western powers carved out spheres The western powers carved out spheres

of influence along the Chinese coast of influence along the Chinese coast ((areas where Europeans had influence areas where Europeans had influence over trade and government, not the over trade and government, not the ChineseChinese))

• Britain, France, Germany, and Russia all Britain, France, Germany, and Russia all claimed a sphere of influence in Chinaclaimed a sphere of influence in China

• The The United States United States did not claim a did not claim a sphere, but was worried that the sphere, but was worried that the European powers would close trade to European powers would close trade to U.S. merchantsU.S. merchants

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U.S. Open Door PolicyU.S. Open Door Policy

• In 1899, the United States called for In 1899, the United States called for an “Open Door policy” in Chinaan “Open Door policy” in China

• No colonies but China remain open to No colonies but China remain open to trading with trading with allall countries. countries.

• The European powers accepted the The European powers accepted the policypolicy

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The Qing Dynasty FallsThe Qing Dynasty Falls

• As the 19th century ended, the Qing As the 19th century ended, the Qing dynasty was in declinedynasty was in decline

• However, the Chinese However, the Chinese did not did not like like having foreign troops in their country having foreign troops in their country

• They also resented They also resented Christian Christian missionariesmissionaries

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Boxer Uprising Boxer Uprising

• In 1899, the situation explodedIn 1899, the situation exploded• A secret organizationA secret organization, the Righteous , the Righteous

Harmonious Fists, wanted to expel all Harmonious Fists, wanted to expel all foreigners from Chinaforeigners from China

• In 1900, the In 1900, the BoxersBoxers attacked attacked foreigners across Chinaforeigners across China

• The western powers and Japan sent The western powers and Japan sent in troops to put down the uprising.in troops to put down the uprising.

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Three Principles of the Three Principles of the PeoplePeople

•The Boxer Rebellion led to The Boxer Rebellion led to increased nationalismincreased nationalism

• In 1900, a constitutional In 1900, a constitutional monarchy was introducedmonarchy was introduced

•Some began pushing for a Some began pushing for a republic republic

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Sun Yixian• Sun Yixian (also Sun Yixian (also

known as known as Sun Sun Yat-senYat-sen) wanted ) wanted to rebuild China to rebuild China on “Three on “Three Principles of the Principles of the People”People”

1. Nationalism- 1. Nationalism- drive out the drive out the foreignersforeigners

2. Democracy- 2. Democracy- representative representative democracy democracy

3. Livelihood- 3. Livelihood- economic economic security for all security for all ChineseChinese

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Birth of a RepublicBirth of a Republic

• The Qing dynasty fell in 1911The Qing dynasty fell in 1911

• Sun Yixian was named president of Sun Yixian was named president of the new Chinese republicthe new Chinese republic

• However, for the However, for the next 37 yearsnext 37 years, , China faced constant warfare China faced constant warfare (foreign and domestic)(foreign and domestic)