Warm Up What are the main functions of a plant’s roots, stems and leaves?
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Transcript of Warm Up What are the main functions of a plant’s roots, stems and leaves?
Warm Up
What are the main functions of a plant’s roots, stems and leaves?
Plants
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Plants
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Chapter 8Section 4
Chapter 8Section 4
Discover Activity
• Are all leaves alike? Page
Objectives:• To identify the characteristics of
gymnosperms and describe how they reproduce.
• To describe the characteristics of angiosperms and their flowers.
• To explain how angiosperms reproduce.• To describe the two types of
angiosperms.• To list products from seed plants.
Gymnosperms
• Gymnosperms are plants that produce naked seeds. Their seed are not enclosed by a protective fruit. Reproductive structures are cones.
Gymnosperms
• Gymnosperms are plants that do not have an ovary. Reproductive structures are cones.
• Gymnosperms consists of four phyla which are cycads, ginkgoes, conifers and gnetophytes.
Gymnosperms
• Cycads are topical plants that look like palm trees.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_6.html
Cycas revoluta from Hawaii, showing female cones bearing large, orange seeds. Image from http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/cyc_rev_f.jpg.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_6.html
Cycas revoluta from Hawaii, showing the male cone bearing numerous pollen-producing sporangia. Image from http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/cyc_rev_m.jpg.
Gymnosperms
• Conifers are the largest group of gymnosperms. Most of them are evergreens.
http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/conifers.html
http://www.cssd11.k12.co.us/dohnts/Biology/bio06nt.htm#Mosses
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_6.html
Image of Araucaria sp. Note the large female comes at the tips of branches. Image from http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/araucar_sp3.jpg.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_6.html
Closeup of Sequoia sempervirens leaf and cone. Image from http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/seq_sem_cu.jpg.
Gymnosperms
• Ginkgoes are also called the maidenhair tree and do not exist in the wild.
http://ibiblio.org/herbmed/pictures/p06/pages/ginkgo-biloba-6.htm
http://ibiblio.org/herbmed/pictures/p06/pages/ginkgo-biloba-9.htm
Gymnosperms
• Gnetophytes are a diverse group that share characteristics with both gymnosperms and angiosperms, they tropical vines and desert plants.
Scientific Name Ephedra Copyright © 1996 Michael Donoghue
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Gnetales&contgroup=Spermatopsida#titlefigcaption
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Gnetales&contgroup=Spermatopsida#titlefigcaption
Scientific Name Welwitschia
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Copyright © 1996 Michael Donoghue
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Gnetales&contgroup=Spermatopsida#titlefigcaption
Scientific Name Gnetum Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Copyright © 1996 Michael Donoghue
Reproduction in Gymnosperms
• Pollination is the process in which pollen is carried from male to female reproductive parts.
• In fertilization, the sperm cell joins with the egg cell.
• Seeds develop and the female cone increases in size.
• When the seeds are mature, the scales open and the wind scatters the seeds.
Try This Activity
• The Scoop on Cones page 274
Angiosperms
• Angiosperms are plants that develop seeds within a structure called the ovary. Reproductive structures are flowers.
• Angiosperms make up the largest group of plants in the world--the flowering plants.
Flowers
• Flowers are the structures that contain the reproductive organs of angiosperms.
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/6243/diversity4.html#Plant
http://www.perspective.com/nature/plantae/dicots.html
Flower Structure
• Sepals are the leaf-like structures that enclose the bud.
• Petals are the colorful, leaf-like and fragrant structures that attract insects and other animals.
Flower Structure
• Stamen is the male reproductive organ that consist of the filament which is a thin stalk topped by a knoblike part called the anther.
Flower Structure
• Pistil is the female reproductive organ and is located in the center of the flower. The pistil consists of a sticky tip called the stigma at the end of a slender tube called the style.
Flower Structure• Ovary is a hollow structure at the base of
the flower that contains the ovule or ovules.
• A flower is pollinated when a grain of pollen lands on the pistil. The sperm cell will join the egg cell.
• After the egg cell is fertilized, the ovule develops into a seed and the ovary becomes a fruit that encloses and protects the seeds.
A COMPLETE ANGIOSPERM FLOWER
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/301Manhart/repro/Flower%20diagram/flower_diagram.htm
Activity
• Have students feel the shape, weight, and texture of several fruits. Ask students to describe how the physical characteristics of each fruit and its seeds might be related to the way in which its seeds are dispersed.
Angiosperms
• Angiosperms are divided into two major groups: monocots and dicots.
• “Cot” is short for cotyledon or seed leaf.
• Monocots are angiosperms that have only one seed leaf. Mono meaning one.
• Dicots produce seeds with two seed leaves. Di meaning two.
Monocots• Examples: grasses, corn, wheat,
rice lilies, tulips• Leaves have parallel veins• Stems have randomly scattered
bundles of vascular tissue.• Flowers have petals in multiples of
three.
Dicots• Examples: roses, violets,
dandelions, oak, maple, beans, apples
• Leaves have branching veins.• Vascular tissue is arranged in a
ring.• Flowers have petals in multiples of
four or five.
Math Skills
• Multiples page 280
Actitivities• Teacher Demo• Try This Activity• Teacher Demo
Lab
• A Close Look at Flowers
Homework