Warm-up: Analyze the political

cartoon 1. What symbols do you see in each cartoon?2. What words do you see?

3. What country do you think these cartoons come from? 4. Write a caption for these cartoons

THE COLD WAR

By: Marissa Long, 2012

Two Superpowers Post WW II – USA and Soviet Union emerge as

Superpowers

Despite WW II alliance, fundamentally different: Soviet Union – Communist, one-party rule, social

goal of equality USA – Democracy, capitalism, individualism

Yalta Conference:

Postwar Germany At Yalta, Big Three decided to split Germany into 4 occupation zones

Soviets, US, Britain, and later France each control a zone. Goal: demilitarize Germany & rebuild it economy

Big Three

UNITED NATIONS (UN)

US troops in Western Europe – Soviet troops in the Eastern Europe

Each country tries to spread its “Sphere of Influence”

•Germany is co-occupied by the Allies & Soviet Union

•New governments form in France & Italy •Pre-war governments return in nations invaded by Hitler

•Countries get to keep their “pre-war” possessions (Africa)

•Occupation by United States

•US will run/influence Japan

•Large landowners must sell to Govt.

•Colonies/Possessions returned to Europe or China, Korea gets independence

•Most major cities completely destroyed

•Japan and Germany are demilitarized

•War Tribunals to punish war criminals

GERMANY/EUROPE JAPAN/ASIA

YANKEES Truman adopts

policy of “containment”

Truman Doctrine – Pres. Support of countries that rejected communism

$400 Million (wow) to Turkey & Greece

SOVIETS Stalin wants

“buffer” from invasion

Ignores Yalta agreement and secures “commie” govs. in 7 countries “iron curtain” is formed (?)

The Marshall Plan Marshall proposed aid

to support war-torn nations

Plan also worked to keep communism from spreading to western Europe

Soviets don’t trust it, develop own plan for East Europe

A constant war of nerves turns into The Cold War

What does this mean?

“The Marshall Plan aligned

Western Europe economically.”

C.S.T Warm-UP Quiz!

Berlin Airlift

PLAY ME

Superpowers form Rival Alliances

N.A.T.O – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)

Warsaw Pact – 1955

(B.A.C.H.E.S. P.R.)

Berlin Wall (1961) – Divided East vs. West Berlin

The Cold War Heats Up Soviets get the A-bomb 2 nuclear powers

H-Bomb (1952) H-Bomb Test Brinkmanship – willingness to go to the brink

“edge” of war

The Race to Space 1957 Soviets beat US to space with Sputnik

1960 C.I.A send U-2 plane to spy on Soviets…shoot down

The REAL Sputnik

C.S.T Warm-UP Quiz!

1) Which of the following is a concept from classical Athens that is central to Western political thought today?

A: Individuals should fight against nature and society to achieve greatness.

B: Individual achievement, dignity, and worth are of great importance.

C : Individual recognition impedes societal progress.

D: Individuals play an insignificant role in shaping ideas, society, and the state.

He who trusts any man with supreme power gives it to a

wild beast, for such his appetite sometimes makes him:

Passion influences those in power, even the best of men,

but law is reason without desire. . . . —Aristotle

2) From Aristotle’s statement above, it can be inferred that:

A: monarchs protect citizens from tyranny.

B: only elected officials should impose laws.

C: laws maintain the stability of the nation.

D: majority rule ensures a stable government.

3) What was one major goal of the Soviet Union during the early years of the Cold War?

A: to establish a competitive market economy

B: to create a defensive buffer zone in Eastern Europe

C: to expand individual liberties in the Baltic republics

D: to attract foreign economic investments

4) Both the Italian Fascists and the German Nazis gained power partly because they

A: had the support of an electoral majority of their nations’ peoples.

B: carefully followed accepted democratic political practices.

C: used terror tactics against political opponents.

D: represented the ideas of compromise and prudent government.

5) In the late nineteenth century, the British commonly referred to the Suez Canal in Egypt as the “Lifeline of the Empire” because it:

A: held large deposits of coal needed by British industries.

B: provided a strategic shipping route to British colonies.

C: served as a ship-building center for the British navy.

D: irrigated several cash crops in the British colonies.

A: the role of law.

Changes in Asia

Nationalism in the Middle East

Turkey

Post WW I – Ottoman Empire becomes Turkey Led by Mustafa Kemal

“father of the Turks”, transforms Turkey into modern nation

New laws, women suffrage, government programs

Persia & Saudi Arabia

• 1935 – Persia revolts against British rule and becomes Iran•1932 – Ibn Saud wants to unite Arabia •Saudi Arabia also modernized but sticks to Islamic law

•Discovery of oil leads to rapid economic change

C.S.T Warm-UP Quiz!

“ . . . all men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights, of which when they enter not a state of society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity; namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.”

—Virginia Declaration of Rights, 1776

1) Which philosopher’s ideas were the basis for this quotation from the Virginia Declaration of Rights?

A Charles-Louis Montesquieu

B Jean-Jacques Rousseau

C John Locke

D Voltaire

2) Use the following information to answer the question below.

  Natural Rights Philosophy:

Emphasizes individual rights to life, liberty and property.  

What document best exemplifies the natural rights philosophy

described above?

A The Communist Manifesto

B Plato’s Republic

C Luther’s Ninety-five Theses

D The Declaration of Independence of Independence

3) How did the Magna Carta (1215) contribute to the development of the English government?

A It created a two-house parliament.

B It extended voting rights.

C It provided for a bill of rights.

D It limited the power of the monarch.

4) Following the United States’ entry into World

War II, American and British leaders decided that

their highest priority would be to:

A recapture Pacific possessions lost to the Japanese.

B invade Europe and defeat Germany.

C send armies to the Russian Front to help the Soviet Union.

D strike directly at the Japanese home islands.

5) Why did Hitler sign a non-aggression treaty with Stalin on the eve of World War II?

A to prevent the League of Nations from acting to stop the war

B to show that Hitler had changed his views on communism

C to allow Germany to invade Poland without Soviet opposition

D to insure that Germany had direct access to the Baltic Sea

India Pre-WW II – Great Britain controlled India (p.453) Rowlatt Acts Amritsar Massacre

Mahatma Gandhi – religious approach to political activism Civil Disobedience Boycotts/strikes Salt March

1947 – Indian gains Independence, largest democracy in the world!

China 1898 – Boxer Rebellion:

Peasants and workers angry about no civil rights and foreign influence

Reform arrives 1905, and say by 1917they will a full constitutional government

Series of power struggles from dynasty Nationalism Communist under Mao Zedong

Chairman MAO Andy Warhol

Banksy

C.S.T Warm-UP Quiz!

7: When a country’s constitution requires the branches of government to remain independent of each other, it is adhering to the constitutional principle of:

A popular sovereignty

B separation of powers

C federalism

D direct democracy

17: When members of the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath (1789) at the start of the French Revolution, they were attempting to

A establish a military government.

B draft a new national constitution.

C restore the king to power.

D persuade Napoleon to take power.

87: NATO was created in order to:

A develop goodwill between Eastern and Western Europe.

B encourage diplomatic solutions to regional problems in North Africa.

C facilitate regional economic development in North America.

D create a united military defense between the U.S. and Western Europe.

69: Following the United States’ entry into World War II, American and British leaders decided that their highest priority would be to:  

A recapture Pacific possessions lost to the Japanese.

B invade Europe and defeat Germany.

C send armies to the Russian Front to help the Soviet Union.

D strike directly at the Japanese home islands.

72: Early in World War II, Allied leaders decided that the enemy they had to defeat first was:

A the Ottoman Empire.

B the Soviet Union.

C Imperial Japan.

D Nazi Germany.

10: Both the United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man emphasized the idea that governments must

A guarantee economic prosperity.

B protect the rights of people.

C support established religious beliefs.

D operate on a system of checks and balances

14: Unlike the French Revolution, the American

Revolution produced:

A women’s suffrage.

B short-term military rule.

C strategic alliances.

D a lasting constitution.

C.S.T Warm-UP Quiz!

15: Which leader was inspired by the ideas of the American Revolution and the Enlightenment to lead the liberation of much of South America from Spain?

A Simón Bolívar

B Padre Miguel Hidalgo

C José Martí

D Antonio López de Santa Anna

18: Which of these first demonstrated that popular protest would play a role in the French Revolution?

A the reign of the Committee of Public Safety

B the trial of Louis XIV

C the fall of the Bastille

D the Civil Constitution of the Clergy

19: What was one factor that enabled Napoleon to seize control of France?

A the weakness of the French government

B the endorsement by foreign governments

C the support Napoleon received from French aristocrats

D the strong democratic reforms Napoleon advocated

20. Between 1815 and 1848, the Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe suppressed nationalism by:

A ensuring a balance of power between nations.

B promoting democratic institutions.

C sharing colonies among the great powers.

D establishing international economic ties.

21:The agricultural changes which took place in England during the 1600s contributed to England’s later industrial development by:

A strengthening the importance of the family farm.

B breaking large estates into smaller farms.

C encouraging city dwellers to return to farming.

D producing more food with fewer workers.

FREE TIBET MOVEMENT

The monk, Jamyang Palden, who set himself on fire in a square in front of a Monastery, is believed to have survived. He was said to be in his 30s. The authorities took him to a hospital, but monks brought him back to the monastery for fear that he would be arrested, Free Tibet said. At least 27 Tibetans have set themselves ablaze in the last year, and at least 18 have died. About 500 monks gathered in the square after the self-immolation on Wednesday, and some held up pictures of the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader of the Tibetans, Free Tibet said. The International Campaign for Tibet, another advocacy group, said its sources had confirmed the self-immolation, which took place about 9 a.m.

Jimi Hendrix “All Along the Watchtower”

War in Korea The 38th Parallel

Post WWII – Soviets arms North Korea want South supported by U.S.

June 1950, North invades South and U.N. steps, green lights troops to stop invasion Douglas MacArthur

Chinese get involved, take Seoul

Korea Divided

By 1952, UN pushes back North to 38th Parallel

Cease fire in 1953, 4 Million soldiers and civilians die

North Communist, collective farming, command economy (?) Kim Jon Il

South 1987, democratic constitution and free elections. High level of economic growth

North Korea Today Lead by Kim Jong-

un (2012)

Last true command economy in the WORLD (?)

North Korea today PLAY

Is this brainwashing? Is this a violation of human rights?

Vietnam Ho Chi Minh – Nationalist leader in Vietnam, 1930s leads revolt against French

Post – WWII, France doesn’t grant independence, surrenders in 1954 to Ho

US nervous justify aid through “domino theory”

Vietnam divided at 17 degrees latitude North of the line is

Communist South is anti-communist

(supported by U.S. and France)

N.V. lead by Ho Chi Minh (Commie)

S.V. rules by Ngo Dinh Diem Dictatorship rule

leaders to uprising of Vietcong

U.S. decided to get involved in 1964 under Lyndon Johnson

By 1968, 500K U.S. troop in Vietnam

S.V. gov is losing support, North supported by Soviets, China US starts air raids

U.S. Pulls out of

Vietnam

1960s, war was VERY unpopular with U.S. public

1969, Nixon starts “Vietnamization” – gradual pull out of U.S. troops

Last U.S. troops pull out in 1973

1975 – Saigon falls to North Vietnam rename is Ho Chi Minh City

1995, U.S. officially recognized communist Vietnam

How the Cold War was FoughtF.E.M.P.-B.S!!

Foreign aid – Superpowers tried to win support with money

Espionage – Spies! CIA and KGB

Multinational Alliances – NATO & Warsaw Pact

Propaganda

Brinkmanship – Cuban Missile Crisis

Surrogate Wars – “Substitute” wars; supported opposite sides in smaller conflicts

The Cold War Divides the World 1st World – Industrialized capitalist nations

(U.S.)

2nd World – Communist nations (U.S.S.R.)

3rd World – developing nations, newly independent, not aligned

Fighting for the 3rd World Countries in Latin

America, Asia, Africa

Poor and politically unstable

1st & 2nd compete for influence with F.E.M.P-B.S!

Some countries were “nonaligned nations” – independent Ex: India &

Indonesia

Confrontations in Latin America

Post-WW II L.A. changes, looks for aid $$$

The Superpowers (?) pick sides U.S.S.R helps

nationalist U.S. helps anti-

Commie dictators

CUBA: Fidel Castro leads revolt against Batista (U.S.)…victorious!

Rules with iron fist!

Fidel Castro

Bay of Pigs…Fiasco…. 1960

The Cuban Missile Crisis

Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev

Soviet Missile Base in Cuba

Soviets vs. U.S.

Hopscotch over to the

Middle East

Iran Oil created cultural conflicts of Islamic values vs. Western materialism

Capitalist boom in 1950’s, leads to faceoff between pro-West leader, Shah and conservative Muslim leader, Ayatollah

1979, Ayatollah Khomeini takes control/established militant form of Islam

1979, Ok’s seizure of U.S. Embassy, lasted until 1981 PLAY ME

Did the U.S. create the Taliban in Afghanistan ?

Soviets invade Afgan. In 1979 after revolt threatens commie gov.

Rebels, Mujahideen (holy warriors), create problems for U.S.S.R

U.S. sends aid$$ to rebels, U.S.S.R. withdraws in 1989, p.553.

The Cold War Thaws Stalin dies in 1953

Nikita Khrushchev becomes Soviet leader

Starts “destalinization” = purging country of Stalin memory/legacy

Satellite countries (B.A.C.H.E.S-P.R.!) demand change

Problems for the Soviets

Yugoslavia breaks away, 1948

Hungry tries to break off, 1956

China and U.S.S.R. “break-up” in 1960

Revolt in Czechoslovakia, “Prague Spring” – 1968

U.S. Changes Approach Moves from

Brinkmanship to Détente (policy of lessening Cold War tension)

Nixon becomes first U.S. President to visit China

1972 US and U.S.S.R sign SALT Treaty “Strategic Arms

Limitation Talks”

Berlin Wall Falls, 1989

C.S.T Warm-UP Quiz!

22. Louis Pasteur’s research into germ theory in the nineteenth century is significant because it:

A created safety standards for machine workers.

B led to techniques that increase crop production.

C identified the importance of vitamins to nutrition.

D proved that cleanliness helps to prevent infections.

23. Use the information to complete the statement.

“The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day. Stokers emerged from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, and posts, and palings, wiping their swarthy visages, and contemplating coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a stifling smell of hot oil everywhere. The steam-engines shone with it, the mills throughout their many stories oozed and trickled it.

—Charles Dickens, Hard Times, 1854

The historical era most likely referred to in this quotation is the:

A Industrial Revolution. B Great Awakening.

C French Revolution. D Enlightenment.

25. In the nineteenth century, labor unions developed mostly in response to

A increasing unemployment.

B government ownership of businesses.

C wages and working conditions.

D racial and gender discrimination higher price for American cotton.

 

34. In 1900, anti-foreign sentiment in China led to an uprising known as the

A Nian Rebellion.

B Boxer Rebellion.

C Taiping Rebellion.

D Sepoy Rebellion.

36. Mohandas Gandhi used his philosophy of nonviolent noncooperation in an effort to

A form a Marxist government in India.

B convince his fellow Indians to support the Allies in World War II.

C persuade Pakistanis to separate from India.

D achieve India’s independence from Great Britain