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Warm-Up Advances in Genetics

Lesson Question

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WK2 Words to Know

Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to help you.

technology the application of knowledge to solve problems or

create new products

cloningthe process of producing an organism that is genetically

to the organism from which it was produced

gene therapy

the attempt to correct a genetic by using DNA to replace a mutated gene

genetic engineering

the process of modifying to produce an organism with a desired trait

selective breeding

the process by which humans breed plants or animals to produce

certain desirable traits; also called selection

Lesson Goals

Explore some advances in genetics.

Compare the processes of selective breeding, cloning, and genetic engineering.

.

Describe the impact of genetic technologies on society and the

Examine the use of gene therapy to treat disease.

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Warm-Up Advances in Genetics

Genetics

• Genetics is the study of .

• Heredity is the passing of from parents to offspring.

• DNA is passed from parent to offspring.

• Genes have a set of instructions used to produce .

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Selective Breeding

Selective breeding is the process by which breed plants or

to produce certain desirable traits; it is also called artificial

selection.

Cloning

Cloning is the process of an organism that is genetically

to the organism from which it was produced.

Organisms with desirable are crossed to produce an

with the desirable trait.

Cow 1 Cow 2 Cow 1 Cow 2

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Cloning in Animals

Developed are placed in another sheep and, viola, a clone of

sheep X is .

Cloning in Plants

Plant cloning is done by letting a of the plant being cloned to grow

as a plant.

Genetic Engineering

• Genetic engineering is the process of modifying to produce an organism with a desired trait.

corn Golden rice that contains

provitamin

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Genetic Engineering

• Genetic engineering may produce plants that are not affected by

used to kill unwanted plants and .

• Genetic engineering allows scientists to

add genes.

• The desired gene is cut from the

DNA of an that carries it.

• The cut gene is

into the DNA of an organism that does not carry it.

Positive Impact of Genetic Technology

• Increase in food production at a lower cost

• of crops and livestock to diseases

• Resistance of crops to chemicals used to kill weeds

• Resistance to factors such as changes in

temperature and amount of water

• Increase in value of crops

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Negative Impact of Genetic Technology

Lack of can wipe out an entire when diseases strike.

Gros Michel

Unknown Risks of Genetic Technology

Genetic technologies may present potential risks to:

• the organism.

• the environment.

• the other organisms in the environment.

• the of humans.

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is the attempt to correct a genetic disorder by using to

replace a gene.

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Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a mutation in a single .

Sticky and mucus partially

blocks the path of to the lungs.

CF is commonly caused by a three-

base in the gene.

Gene Therapy

One of the biggest challenges in gene therapy is getting the of the

new gene into all the affected by the mutated copy.

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Summary Advances in Genetics

Answer

Review: Key Concepts

Genetic technologies

• Selective is the process by which humans breed plants

or animals to produce certain desirable traits; it is also called artificial selection.

• Cloning is the process of producing an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.

• engineering is the process of modifying DNA to produce

an organism with a desired trait.

• Gene therapy is the attempt to correct a genetic disorder by using

to replace a mutated gene.

Lesson Question What are some advances in genetics?

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Summary Advances in Genetics

Review: Key Concepts

Positive impacts of genetic technology

• Increase in food production at

a lower

• Increase in nutritional value of crops

Negative impacts of genetic technology

• Loss of genetic variation

within a

• Unknown risks to the modified organism

• Unknown risks to the

and

human health

Use this space to write any questions or thoughts about this lesson.

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