Warm-up Activity

Warm-up ActivityWarm-up Activity

Put your address in the top right hand Put your address in the top right hand corner of your paper. Be as specific as corner of your paper. Be as specific as you canyou can

Now lets get more specific:Now lets get more specific:

IInclude all the parts of your address (as is nclude all the parts of your address (as is you were telling a person from another you were telling a person from another world).world).

Ecology

Principles of Ecology

Communities and Biomes

Population Biology

Biological Diversity & Conversation

Ecology

Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology

What is Ecology?

Abiotic and Biotic Factors

ObjectivesObjectives

TLW TLW be introduced to the field of Ecology.be introduced to the field of Ecology. TLW: TLW: Identify key biotic and abiotic factors Identify key biotic and abiotic factors

in the environmentin the environment..

Vocabulary FocusVocabulary Focus

EcologyEcology BiosphereBiosphere EcosystemEcosystem Abiotic factorsAbiotic factors Biotic FactorsBiotic Factors

What is Ecology?What is Ecology?

THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN ORGANISM AND BETWEEN AN ORGANISM AND

ITS’ ENVIRONMENTITS’ ENVIRONMENT

Where are all living Where are all living things found?things found?

On Earth, living things are found in the air, on land, and in both fresh water and salt water.

Biosphere Biosphere The part of Earth that supports lifeThe part of Earth that supports life

Lithosphere -Top portion of Earth's Lithosphere -Top portion of Earth's crust crust

Hydrosphere - All the waters that Hydrosphere - All the waters that cover Earth's surface. cover Earth's surface.

Atmosphere – Portion that surrounds Atmosphere – Portion that surrounds EarthEarth

The biosphere, like the human body, is made The biosphere, like the human body, is made up of systems that interact and are up of systems that interact and are dependent on each other. dependent on each other.

EcosystemEcosystem The biosphere’s systems are called The biosphere’s systems are called

ECOSYSTEMSECOSYSTEMS.. All the organisms living in an area and All the organisms living in an area and

the nonliving features of their the nonliving features of their environmentenvironment

• Biotic – livingBiotic – living

• Abiotic – nonlivingAbiotic – nonliving

Biotic factors: all living Biotic factors: all living organisms that inhabit an organisms that inhabit an

environment.environment.Like….plants…Like….plants…

And animals…And animals…

Abiotic factors Abiotic factors are non-living are non-living parts of the parts of the

environment. environment. This includes…This includes…

waterwater

Light…is abiotic…Light…is abiotic…

Temperature…is abioticTemperature…is abiotic

Air…or wind…is abioticAir…or wind…is abiotic

Soil….which is made up of…clay…Soil….which is made up of…clay…which is important because it helps which is important because it helps

hold water in soil.hold water in soil.

Soil is made up of Soil is made up of rocks…little rocks…little

pieces that are pieces that are broken down by broken down by weathering…andweathering…and

……sand…silt andsand…silt and

SummarySummary Biotic Factors:Biotic Factors:

All living thingsAll living things

Abiotic Factors: Abiotic Factors: non-living things in the environment such as: Water, non-living things in the environment such as: Water,

Light, Air & Wind, Soil, Temperature.Light, Air & Wind, Soil, Temperature.

Ecosystem: Ecosystem: the location of specific abiotic and biotic factors.the location of specific abiotic and biotic factors.

Ecology: Ecology: The study of the relationship between abiotic and The study of the relationship between abiotic and

biotic factors.biotic factors.

Today’s AssignmentToday’s Assignment

Abiotic and Biotic Factors Venn Diagram Abiotic and Biotic Factors Venn Diagram activity.activity. Draw a Venn Diagram in your I-Notebook Draw a Venn Diagram in your I-Notebook

(left-hand side)(left-hand side) Label one circle Abiotic and one circle BioticLabel one circle Abiotic and one circle Biotic At your table, categorize the following words At your table, categorize the following words

as either abiotic or biotic (be sure to write the as either abiotic or biotic (be sure to write the words in the appropriate circle of your Venn words in the appropriate circle of your Venn diagram.)diagram.)

WhaleWhale Clock Clock Grapes Grapes

PaperPaper GlassGlass PlasticPlastic

AluminumAluminum AirAir GoldGold

SandSand CloudsClouds WoolWool

CorpseCorpse SnailSnail PlantPlant

SteakSteak Pork ChopsPork Chops FishFish

SaladSalad Water Water BreadBread

HairHair PipePipe

Finger NailsFinger Nails Wooden Ruler Wooden Ruler

Cotton FabricCotton Fabric

Characteristics of Living thingsCharacteristics of Living things

At the bottom of your Venn Diagram list At the bottom of your Venn Diagram list the 6 characteristics that all living things the 6 characteristics that all living things have in common…...brainstorm with your have in common…...brainstorm with your table….see if you can come up with all 6 table….see if you can come up with all 6 that we discussed last semester.that we discussed last semester.

Characteristics of living thingsCharacteristics of living things

Adapt and EvolveAdapt and Evolve OrganizationOrganization Grow and DevelopGrow and Develop ReproduceReproduce Adjust to environmentAdjust to environment RespirationRespiration

Homework – due tomorrowHomework – due tomorrow

Make a list of abiotic Make a list of abiotic and biotic factors in and biotic factors in your home. As many your home. As many as you can as you can see…..Left- hand see…..Left- hand activityactivity

AbioticAbiotic BioticBiotic

Ticket out the doorTicket out the door

Period 1: Period 1: In your own words summarize what makes an In your own words summarize what makes an

object abiotic or biotic.object abiotic or biotic.

Ticket out the doorTicket out the door

Periods 3, 4, and 5: Periods 3, 4, and 5: Explain the relationship between abiotic and Explain the relationship between abiotic and

biotic factors in an ecosystem, and speculate biotic factors in an ecosystem, and speculate what would happen if one disappeared. what would happen if one disappeared.


Think about your favorite outdoor spot. In Think about your favorite outdoor spot. In your I-notebook (left hand side) list all the your I-notebook (left hand side) list all the things that you would find there. After you things that you would find there. After you have made your list, categorize each item have made your list, categorize each item as abiotic or biotic. as abiotic or biotic.

Biological Organization


TLW: be able to describe how a population TLW: be able to describe how a population differs from a species.differs from a species.

TLW differentiate among the levels of TLW differentiate among the levels of organization in an ecosystem.organization in an ecosystem.

TLW analyze and explain the connections TLW analyze and explain the connections of organisms in an ecosystem.of organisms in an ecosystem.

VocabularyVocabulary

OrganismOrganism PopulationPopulation CommunityCommunity HabitatHabitat NicheNiche

Review word: SpeciesReview word: Species

How are each of these pictures related?

Organism/SpeciesOrganism/Species

OrganismOrganism: an : an individual living individual living thing.thing.

SpeciesSpecies: a : a classification classification group for group for organisms that are organisms that are closely related and closely related and can mate to can mate to produce fertile produce fertile offspringoffspring

PopulationPopulation

All the organisms in an ecosystem All the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to the same species that belong to the same species (biotic)(biotic)

Population-many of one kind of species.

CommunityCommunity

All the populations in an All the populations in an ecosystemecosystem (biotic) (biotic)

Community-Community-many different many different

populations populations together in an together in an ecosystem.ecosystem.

Habitat Habitat

The place in which an The place in which an organism lives organism lives provides the kinds of food and provides the kinds of food and

shelter, the temperature, and the shelter, the temperature, and the amount of moisture the organism amount of moisture the organism needs to survive needs to survive

The snake’s “habitat” is under a rock!

A bird’s habitat is usually a nest.

What’s a spider’s habitat?

NicheNiche

A plant's or animal's A plant's or animal's ecological nicheecological niche is a is a way of life that is unique to that species.way of life that is unique to that species. How an organism meets its specific needs for How an organism meets its specific needs for

food and shelter, how and where it survives, food and shelter, how and where it survives, and where it reproduces.and where it reproduces.

NicheNiche

Niche and habitat are not the same. While Niche and habitat are not the same. While many species may share a habitat, this is many species may share a habitat, this is not true of a niche. not true of a niche.

Each plant and animal species is a Each plant and animal species is a member of a community, and the niche member of a community, and the niche describes the species' role or function describes the species' role or function within this community.within this community.

Show me what you knowShow me what you know

For the following words what would be the For the following words what would be the level of organizationlevel of organization Example:Example: Students – species/organism Students – species/organism Multiple students-Multiple students- Students, principal, teacher –Students, principal, teacher – School – School – Earth - Earth -

Show me what you knowShow me what you know

For the following words what would be the For the following words what would be the level of organizationlevel of organization Example: Students – Example: Students – species/organismspecies/organism Multiple students- Multiple students- populationpopulation Students, principal, teacher – Students, principal, teacher – communitycommunity School – School – ecosystemecosystem Earth - Earth - biospherebiosphere

Today’s In-Class AssignmentToday’s In-Class Assignment Ecology card sort (10 minutes):Ecology card sort (10 minutes):

Work in groups of 2Work in groups of 2 Collect 1 envelope per groupCollect 1 envelope per group Using the cards match a picture with the word and Using the cards match a picture with the word and

definition of word.definition of word. Create an ecosystem (10 minutes):Create an ecosystem (10 minutes):

Using the following organisms: honeybee, sunflowers, Using the following organisms: honeybee, sunflowers, earthworms, red-winged blackbirds, and moles, draw earthworms, red-winged blackbirds, and moles, draw a possible ecosystem.a possible ecosystem.

Label at least three interactionsLabel at least three interactions

Identify the abiotic and biotic factors in the following picture.


This week at a glanceThis week at a glance Monday: Monday:

community interactions; summarize section 2.1 notes; complete community interactions; summarize section 2.1 notes; complete graphic organizer; 2.1 study guide.graphic organizer; 2.1 study guide.

Tuesday: Tuesday: Energy in an ecosystem; complete graphic organizer, Active Energy in an ecosystem; complete graphic organizer, Active

reading strategies section 2.2.reading strategies section 2.2. Wednesday: Wednesday:

Food chains and food webs; writing assignment; 2.1 study guide Food chains and food webs; writing assignment; 2.1 study guide due; 2.2 active reading strategy due; study for quiz.due; 2.2 active reading strategy due; study for quiz.

Thursday: Thursday: Substitute; 2.1 quiz, worksheet packet due fridaySubstitute; 2.1 quiz, worksheet packet due friday

Friday: Friday: Owl Pellet lab activityOwl Pellet lab activity

Community InteractionsCommunity InteractionsSymbiotic relationshipsSymbiotic relationships


TLW: Identify interactions that occur within TLW: Identify interactions that occur within communities.communities.


SymbiosisSymbiosis MutalismMutalism CommensalismCommensalism ParasitismParasitism

SymbiosisSymbiosis

SymbiosisSymbiosis means living together (a close and means living together (a close and permanent association between organisms). permanent association between organisms).

Three kinds of symbiosis are recognized: Three kinds of symbiosis are recognized: MutualismMutualism CommensalismCommensalism ParasitismParasitism

CommensalismCommensalism

One species benefits One species benefits and the other species and the other species is neither harmed nor is neither harmed nor benefited.benefited.

MutualismMutualism

Both species benefit from the relationship.Both species benefit from the relationship.

ParasitismParasitism

A member of one species derives benefit at A member of one species derives benefit at the expense of another species.the expense of another species.

$2.00 Summary$2.00 Summary

Summarize all notes from section 2.1Summarize all notes from section 2.1 (Thursday, Friday, and Today)(Thursday, Friday, and Today) Be prepared to share!!!Be prepared to share!!!

Today’s assignmentToday’s assignment

Complete Symbiosis graphic organizer Complete Symbiosis graphic organizer (put on the left-hand side of your I-(put on the left-hand side of your I-notebook).notebook).

HW: 2.1 Study guide due Wed.HW: 2.1 Study guide due Wed.


Take the first five minutes of class and Take the first five minutes of class and update the table of contents in your I-update the table of contents in your I-notebook and finish any homework from notebook and finish any homework from yesterday.yesterday.

RemindersReminders

Due today: Due today: 2.1 study guide2.1 study guide Active Reading Strategy 2.2Active Reading Strategy 2.2

Quiz tomorrow: section 2.1Quiz tomorrow: section 2.1

EcologyEcology

Energy Flow


• TLW: Identify the sources of energy TLW: Identify the sources of energy for all life processes.for all life processes.

• TLW examine how energy flows TLW examine how energy flows through an ecosystem.through an ecosystem.


• AutotrophAutotroph

• ProducerProducer

• HeterotrophHeterotroph

• ConsumerConsumer

• DecomposerDecomposer

• Food ChainFood Chain

• Food webFood web

Energy Flow/Feeding Energy Flow/Feeding RelationshipsRelationshipsAll ecosystems contain All ecosystems contain producers, producers,

consumersconsumers and and decomposersdecomposers..

Producers (Autotrophs)Producers (Autotrophs)

• Organisms that make their own foodOrganisms that make their own food

ex. Plants, some bacteria, some ex. Plants, some bacteria, some protistaprotista

ConsumersConsumers (Heterotrophs)(Heterotrophs)

• Organisms that eat producers or other Organisms that eat producers or other consumers.consumers.– Herbivore Herbivore – eats plants (ex. Cow, – eats plants (ex. Cow,

elephant)elephant)– CarnivoreCarnivore – eats herbivores, omnivores – eats herbivores, omnivores

and/or carnivores (ex. Killer whale, hyena)and/or carnivores (ex. Killer whale, hyena)– OmnivoreOmnivore – eats producers, herbivores, – eats producers, herbivores,

and/or carnivores – (ex. Bear, and/or carnivores – (ex. Bear, chimpanzees, humans)chimpanzees, humans)

"I MUST BE A HETEROTROPH, I CAN'T SYNTHESIZE THESE !!"

""What shall I eat today...meat or veggies....."What shall I eat today...meat or veggies....."

DecomposersDecomposers

• Are consumers that breakdown Are consumers that breakdown and consume dead organisms and and consume dead organisms and wastes.wastes.

• Recycle nutrients back into Recycle nutrients back into biosphere (ex. Bacteria, biosphere (ex. Bacteria, mushrooms)mushrooms)

EcologyEcology

Food Chains and Food Webs

Food chainFood chain

• AA Food Chain Food Chain: is a : is a feeding relationship feeding relationship from consumer to from consumer to producerproducer

• Each organism in a Each organism in a food chain food chain represents a represents a feeding step, or feeding step, or Trophic levelTrophic level. .

• The The trophic leveltrophic level also indicates the also indicates the amount of energy amount of energy being passed onto being passed onto the next step.the next step.

• Example:Example:– The algae and The algae and

plants are the plants are the producersproducers..

– The aquatic The aquatic crustaceans are crustaceans are primary primary consumersconsumers – they – they eat the producers.eat the producers.

– Fish are Fish are secondary secondary consumersconsumers – they – they eat the primary eat the primary consumers.consumers.

– The raccoons The raccoons represent a 3represent a 3rdrd level level of consumer.of consumer.

Food WebFood Web

Food WebsFood Webs

• A A food webfood web is a series of interrelated food is a series of interrelated food chains which provides a more accurate chains which provides a more accurate picture of the feeding relationships in an picture of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem, as more than one thing will ecosystem, as more than one thing will usually eat a particular species. usually eat a particular species.


• Complete Handout. (5 minutes)Complete Handout. (5 minutes)

EcologyEcology

Ecological Pyramids


• TLW: Evaluate the efficiency of TLW: Evaluate the efficiency of energy transfer among organisms in energy transfer among organisms in an ecosystem.an ecosystem.

VocabularyVocabulary

• Trophic level (review)Trophic level (review)

• Ecological PyramidsEcological Pyramids

• BiomassBiomass

Review of Energy Flow in Food Review of Energy Flow in Food Chains & Food WebsChains & Food Webs

• Most food chains have no more than four or five links.

There cannot be too many links in a single food chain because the animals at the end of the chain would not get enough food (and hence energy) to stay alive.

Review of Energy Flow in Food Review of Energy Flow in Food Chains & Food WebsChains & Food WebsMost animals are partof more than one foodChain and eat morethan one kind of food in

order to meet their food and energy requirements.

These interconnected foodChains form a food web.

Ecological PyramidsEcological Pyramids

• An An ecological ecological pyramidpyramid is a is a diagram that shows diagram that shows the relative the relative amounts of energy amounts of energy or matter contained or matter contained within each trophic within each trophic level in a food chain level in a food chain or food web.or food web.

producers

herbivores

carnivores

Autotrophs

Heterotrophs

Ecological PyramidsEcological Pyramids

• Ecologists recognize three different Ecologists recognize three different types of ecological pyramids:types of ecological pyramids:– Energy pyramidsEnergy pyramids– Biomass pyramidsBiomass pyramids– Pyramids of numbersPyramids of numbers

Energy PyramidEnergy Pyramid

• Only about Only about 10% of the 10% of the energy energy available available within one within one trophic level trophic level is transferred is transferred to organisms to organisms at the next at the next trophic level.trophic level.

Biomass PyramidBiomass Pyramid• The total amount

of living tissue within a given trophic level is called biomass.

• A biomass pyramid represents the total amount of potential food available for each trophic level in an ecosystem..

Pyramid of Numbers Pyramid of Numbers

• Based on the Based on the numbers of numbers of individual individual organisms at each organisms at each trophic level.trophic level.

Show me what you know

1. In the diagram below, the coyote would be considered a _____.A. herbivoreB. third-order consumerC. second-order consumerD. decomposer

Show me what you know

2. Referring to the diagram below, energy flows from _____.

A. coyotes to grasses C. mice to cats

B. cats to mice D. coyotes to cats

Show me what you know3. Referring to the diagram below, as matter and energy move from

grasses to coyotes, the amount of available energy _____.A. increases C. decreases then increases

B. decreases D. increases then decreases

Show me what you know4. Referring to the diagram below, suppose 10,000 units of

energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the coyote?

A. 90 units C. 990 units

B. 9900 units D. 9990 units

Warm-up Activity

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