Warm-up #3.4 (5.4-5)11. Which cultures blended

together to create Hellenistic Culture?

12. Which leader is most associated with Hellenistic culture?

13. What city served as the center of commerce and culture during the Hellenistic period?

14. What kingdom conquered Greece following the Peloponnesian War?

11. Greek, Persian, Egypt, Indian

12. Alexander the Great

13. Alexandria14. MacedoniaMake sure your name is on the warmups before handing them in.

CHAPTER 6 – ANCIENT ROME

AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY

Section 1 – The Roman Republic

Origins Romulus and Remus –

wolf twins Geography was Rome’s

greatest asset Strategic location Fertile soil

3 groups each contribute North: Etruscans

(alphabet) Central: Latins (built

Rome) Southern: Greeks

(exposed Romans to the world)

Early Republic (500 BC) Etruscan King Tarquin

the Proud was driven out of power in 509 BCRomans would never

allow another King to rule

Establish the first republic – government where citizens vote for their leaders

Patricians vs Plebeians Patricians were the

wealthy landowners who had most of the power (aristocracy)

Plebeians were the common citizens who were the majority Eventually, since they

hold no political power, the plebeians will elect tribunes (representatives)

Twelve Tables Initially, laws were simply

interpreted by the patricians (usually unfairly)

451 BC – 10 officials write an official set of laws on 12 tablets The laws were written and

displayed for all to see Established the idea of

equality of the law (for free citizens)

Gave legal rights to plebeians to protect them from the patricians

Governing the Republic Prided themselves

on the balanced governmentMonarchy w. consuls

○ Dictator if neededAristocracy w. senateDemocracy w.

assemblies○ They became the

most important part of the government

Roman Army Mandatory service

for landowners (10 years if you were in politics)

Organization and skill gave them the advantage needed to increase their power

Expansion: Italy Slow but steady

growth Consolidated power

between the Etruscans and the Greeks (265 BC)

Benevolent rulersLeft conquered people

to govern themselves as long as they contributed soldiers

Punic Wars (264 BC) Rome controlled most of

the Mediterranean Carthage presented the

only challenge From 265-146 (119 years),

they fought three wars War 1: 264-41 BC (23 years)

○ Rome wins Sicily War 2: 218-216 BC (2 years)

○ Hannibal destroys Italy, but never captures Rome

War 3: 149-146 BC (3 years)○ Rome demolishes Carthage

and sells everyone as slaves

And now… Begin working on USA TestPrep (get the

checklist from Gibson AND directions are on the class website)

If you have not uploaded your presentation to Moodle, do so IMMEDIATELY

Continue working on your Chapter 6 Vocabulary Assignment

Warm-up #4.1 (6.1)1. The _______ ________ were

the most important instrument in government in the Roman Republic.

2. The _____ ______ established the legal rights of plebeians and patricians.

3. The _____ were the powerful, “aristocratic” families in the Roman Empire.

4. What term refers to the officials that were chosen to represent the plebeians?

1. Legislative assemblies

2. Twelve tables3. Patricians4. Tribunes

Section 2 – The Roman Empire

Collapse of the Roman Economy Gap between rich and

poor become wider 1/3 of population was

enslaved ¼ was urban poor

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempted to speak for the poor When both were

murdered violently, Rome went into civil war

Military Upheaval Like the Chinese

feudal lords, Roman generals began seizing all the power

Loyalty was to the General because he promised wealth and land to soldiers

One such General would rise above all the rest…

Julius Caesar – 60 BC Joined with Crassus (money)

and Pompey (military) Formed the first triumvirate

Shared the power (1 year rule) Conquered Gaul (France) Pompey feared his power –

ordered to disband○ Caesar instead went to war

with Pompey○ Caesar wins and is named

dictator for life in 44 BC, transitioning Rome from a Republic to a dictatorship

Caesar’s Reforms Absolute Ruler Increased number of

Roman citizens Expanded the Senate Created jobs (public

buildings) Built colonies for the

landless Caesar’s success

scared the others into assassinating him Mar 15, 44 BC

Beginning the Empire Caesar’s death led to

another civil war 3 men emerge once

again (second triumvirate) Octavian (Caesar’s

grandnephew) Mark Antony (military) Lepidus (politician)

Immediately became distrustful of each other Octavian wins and

becomes Augustus (“Exalted one”)

Growth of an Empire Augustus’ rule represent

the beginning of the its peakPax Romana (“Roman

Peace”) became the term for the 207 years of peace and prosperity as a result of the great government

Government Success was the result

of great rulers Augustus was

responsible for most of the success Stabilized the frontier Glorified Rome with

buildings Created an enduring

government○ Created government

employees (civil service) that would maintain the empire after Augustus dies

Roman Culture: Slavery Widespread and

important to economy1/3 of total populationMen, women, and

children100% property (no

rights) No slave revolts

were ever successful

Roman Culture Classes were distinctly

different Extravagant wealth next

to people barely getting by Many of the poor received

daily rations of food and entertainment (“bread and circuses”)○ The Colosseum

In all classes, the oldest living male was the head of the house

And now… We will begin presentations momentarily

Volunteers may go first, and then we will go in a pre-determined random order

FOR EACH PRESENTATIONName (of presenter)Name (of subject/person)Real or Myth2 factsFor Example: Gibson – Antigone – Myth –

child of incest, killed herself while imprisoned

Warm-up #4.2 (6.2)5. Who was the head of the

family in Roman society?6. Who was in the first

triumvirate? How did it end?

7. What held Rome together during the Pax Romana?

8. Who turned the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire?

5. The oldest living male

6. Caesar, Pompey, Crassus; Caesar and Pompey went to war

7. The strong government

8. Augustus

Section 4 – The Fall of Rome

Weakening Economy After Marcus Aurelius,

the Empire started to decline

Hostile tribes invading from the north

Pirates disrupted trade Creation of money

caused inflation Soil was overworked

causing it to become less fertile

Political Problems Roman army lost its

discipline and loyalty

Empire began hiring mercenaries (hired soldiers)

There was a sharp decline in patriotism

Attempted Reform: Diocletian Diocletian cracked

down on the people while doubling the army and controlling prices Realized the empire was

too large○ Divided into East and West

(Adriatic Sea separated them) to make governing easier

Following his death (310), the empire immediately fell into civil war

Constantine Emerges as the

western leader following the civil war

Conquers the East 10 years later and creates a unified Roman Empire

Moved the capital to TurkeyShifted the center of

power to the East

Collapse of the West Germanic invasions were forced

southward by the Huns invading their land The army could not withstand the

invasion and Rome was sacked The Huns, led by Attila in 444,

were attacking both the east and the west

Between the Huns and the Germanic tribes (Saxons and Vandals), Rome could not stand In 476, the Germans ended Roman

control of the region This officially began the Dark

Ages

Section 5 – Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization

Rome’s Legacy Language – Roman

remained the language of the West even after Rome falls Gives root to French,

Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian

Half the English language has Latin roots

Buildings – gave us the arch, dome, and concrete. Even their roads were superior

Roman Law Principles still used

as a model todayEquality under the

lawInnocent until proven

guiltyBurden of proofActions

matter/thoughts don’tUnfair laws should be

set aside

Scientific Advances Pliny the Elder

compiled one of the first Encyclopedias (collection of all known knowledge)

Ptolemy – expert in Astronomy, Geography, and math

Galen – physician, surgeon, philosopher

And now… Presentations

Agenda: 9/3/2015 Quizlet (2 times) Quiz Complete the Greek Character Booklet Complete the Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Crossword and Definitions Presentations

Warm-up #4.3 (6.4) – Due Tomorrow

9. What were the main causes of the fall of Rome?

10. Why did Diocletian divide the Roman Empire?

11. Why did the German tribes invade Rome?

12. What period began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

9. Trade disrupted, invasions from German tribes, overspending PLUS inflation

10. To make it easier to manage the empire

11. Fear of the Huns12. Dark Ages