Warm Up: (11_5)

ATGCGTCGT

What is the complementary DNA strand?

Based on this complementary strand what would the mRNA strand be?

Make your mRNAs!

• You are just making nucleotides!!! Do not link nucleotides together!

DNA to Protein Translation

• Initiation: The mRNA, ribosome and tRNA’s get together with the help of enzymes

DNA to Protein Translation

• Initiation: The mRNA, ribosome and tRNA’s get together with the help of enzymes– tRNA contains an anticodon: three nucleotides on

the tRNA that are complementary (match up with) the mRNA

DNA to Protein Translation

• Initiation: The mRNA, ribosome and tRNA’s get together with the help of enzymes– The start codon (methionine) is the first to go

through

DNA to Protein Translation

• Elongation: A polypeptide chain is formed. – tRNA’s with the proper anticodon match up with

the mRNA. – They move through the ribosome,

DNA to Protein Translation

• Termination – Process stops when a stop codon is reached

DNA to Protein Translation

Termination – Process stops when a stop codon is reached

Disassembly Polypeptide (protein) is released as the three types of RNA separate

Protein Synthesis Videos

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHM4UUVHPQM

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3fOXt4MrOM

Reading a codon chart!

Use the Codon Chart to make the amino acid sequence

mRNA: AUG-CCA-GAU-GGA-UAA

DNA: TAC-CCG-GAT-GGG-ATC

Translation Practice Problems

1. What is a codon? What is an anticodon?2. How many amino acids are there?3. What three types of RNA are involved in translation, what

function does each play? 4. What is a polypeptide chain? What does it eventually turn into? 5. Explain how tRNA assists in building a protein 6. Explain how protein production is stopped.

7. Transcribe the following DNA Template strand to mRNA 3’ TACAATAGGGTCTCAGCACGCCCCATT 5’. Then decode the anti-codon sequence (hint: you need to use your mRNA sequence for

this). Last, translate the mRNA sequence to an amino acid sequence

Process: Where is this process located

(assuming eukaryote

cell)?

Is DNA directly involved in

process?

Which types of RNA are

involved?

End Result and Purpose

Transcription 1. 2. 3. 4.

Translation 5. 6. 7. 8.

Lets Practice Translation

• Take your mRNA strand and translate it! – Use the transfer RNA anticodons as a check

– If you cannot find the amino acid you are looking for you may have made a mistake….

Show Ms. Spencer the process when you have completed it!

Codon Bingo (Can Repeat!!!!)1. alanine 2. glutamate 3. leucine 4. serine 5. arginine 6. glutamine 7. lysine 8. tryptophan 9. asparagines 10.glycine 11.methionine

12.tyrosine 13.aspartate 14.histidine 15.phenylalanine 16.threonine 17.cysteine 18.isoleucine 19.proline 20.valine 21.stop

DNA ReplicationThink – Pair – Share

When do cells need to replicate their DNA?

DNA ReplicationThink – Pair – Share

When do cells need to replicate their DNA?

Cell Division! Prokaryotes: Binary Fission

Eukaryotes: Mitosis and Meiosis

DNA Replication 1. Helicases separate DNA strands, this creates

a replication fork

DNA Replication 1. Helicases separate DNA strands 2. DNA polymerase adds complementary

nucleotides to the strand

DNA Replication

1. Helicases separate DNA strands 2. DNA polymerase adds complementary

nucleotides to the strand 3. DNA polymerase finishes replicating and

falls off, two separate DNA molecules result

DNA Replication 1. Helicases separate DNA strands 2. DNA polymerase adds complementary

nucleotides to the strand 3. DNA polymerase finishes replicating and

falls off, two separate DNA molecules result 4. Each new DNA has one original DNA strand

and one new DNA strand, this is called semi-conservative replication

DNA is made in the 5’ to 3’ direction • That means that the leading stand can

copy uniformly, the lagging strand is copied in segments, these segments are called Okazaki fragments

DNA Replication 1. Helicases separate DNA strands, this creates

a replication fork

DNA Replication Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27TxKoFU2Nw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qSrmeiWsuc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKubyIRiN84

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qSrmeiWsuc

Okazaki Fragments: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEQMeP9GG6M