Warm up – 10/22/13
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Transcript of Warm up – 10/22/13
NEW PEOPLE ARRIVE IN LATIN AMERICA!The Portuguese & Spanish!
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS A line of longitude to
divide the area of Portugal conquest and Spanish conquest – so that there was NO confusion!
Implemented by the catholic church
1494
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS
CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Hernan Cortes
Led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire in Mexico!
Began the first phase of Spanish colonization of the Americas
Around 1520
Francisco Pizarro Led the expedition that
conquered the Incan empire! (Peru)
Conquered them quickly and brutally
Around 1530
CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Pedro Cabral
A Portuguese discoverer of Brazil!
Claimed the east side of South America for Portugal!
Around 1500
Francisco de Orellana Spanish conquistador. First to explore the
Amazon River! Helped Pizarro conquer
Peru.
SO WHAT’S GOING ON HERE… Portugal came do dominate Brazil! Spain came to dominate parts of N. America,
C. America and most of S. America In your books, turn to page 525. Look at the
map of colonial Latin America. Answer the “geography skills” questions. Be
ready to discuss this map.
SOCIAL CLASSES European’s (Spanish and
Portuguese) set up the social classes in the colonies much like the social classes in their home country.
Social classes divided based on privilege! This is called a caste
system.
CASTE SYSTEM Permanent
Based on what place of the social hierarchy you are BORN into. Do you think this is
a fair way of doing things?
PENINSULARES Spanish and Portuguese officials who had
been born in Europe.
Held important government positions.
CREOLES
People of Spanish descent but born in Latin America
Controlled land and business
Could be part of the militia
Really resented the Peninsulares
MESTIZOS The child of a European and a Native American. 25% of population
Not rich, not poor…just in the middle (economically)
MULATTOES The child of a European and African American
(slave)
NATIVE AMERICANS AND SLAVES Usually at the bottom of the caste system Lots of other groups emerged as a result of
unions between Mestizos and Mulattoes and between Native Americans and Africans.
RESOURCES FROM LATIN AMERICA This was a source of wealth for the Spanish
and Portuguese Removed natural resources
Gold, silver, deforestation, crops, etc. Needed to maintain a supply of labor so…
ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM Put into place by the Spanish crown. Native Americans forced to pay tribute
and provide labor to Spanish landowners. Spanish landowners given a certain amount
of Native American to “look after”.
RELIGION Spanish and Portuguese wanted to Christianize
the native people! Sent missionaries Built cathedrals, hospitals, schools and orphanages
Women could become nuns!
SO AT THIS POINT…THINGS ARE GOING RIGHT A LONG IN THE COLONIES… WHAT COULD GO WRONG?
REVOLUTION! In your notes, answer these questions then
discuss with a partner! What is a revolution? Why do people have revolutions? Give some reasons you think the people of Latin
America wanted a revolution?
Causes of Latin AmericanRevolutions
1. Enlightenment Ideas challenging traditional ways. Thinking about reason and individualism.
2. Creole discontent at being left out of government jobs and trade concessions. Angry at peninsulares
3. Inspiration of American and French Revolutions.
4. Preoccupation of Spain & Portugal in fighting the Napoleonic Wars. (Weakens them)
Enlightenment Ideas1. Laws of nature [NATURAL LAWS]
govern natural science and human society.
2. Give people rights life, liberty, property!
3. Make fair societies based on reason possible.
AND SO WE HAVE….REVOLUTIONS!!