Warm-up Warm-up 1) Reread pg 159-1601) Reread pg 159-160

2)Why did Diocletian divide the Roman empire? What was the 2)Why did Diocletian divide the Roman empire? What was the approximate time period?approximate time period?

3) What were some differences between the East and the West?3) What were some differences between the East and the West?

4) When did Constantine come to power? When did he move the capital? 4) When did Constantine come to power? When did he move the capital? What benefits resulted from moving Rome's capital to Byzantium.What benefits resulted from moving Rome's capital to Byzantium.

5) Read pgs 161-162 beginning with Germanic Invasions. Who was Rome's 5) Read pgs 161-162 beginning with Germanic Invasions. Who was Rome's final emperor? Who actually controlled Western Rome?final emperor? Who actually controlled Western Rome?

6) Read pg 269 Setting the Stage, A New Rome in a New Setting, and 6) Read pg 269 Setting the Stage, A New Rome in a New Setting, and Justinian: A New Line of Caesars. Why was Rome officially divided again in Justinian: A New Line of Caesars. Why was Rome officially divided again in 395 CE?395 CE?

7) What is the significance of General Belisarius?7) What is the significance of General Belisarius?

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

– What are two reasons why What are two reasons why Constantinople was a good location for Constantinople was a good location for the capital of the Roman Empire?the capital of the Roman Empire?

– Who was Justinian?Who was Justinian?– What was the Justinian Code?What was the Justinian Code?– What was the third (and final) name of What was the third (and final) name of

Constantinople?Constantinople?

The Byzantine The Byzantine Empire: Empire:

The New RomeThe New Rome

Important TermsImportant Terms

1.1. Rule of lawRule of law Government by law. The rule of law Government by law. The rule of law

implies that government authority may implies that government authority may only be exercised in accordance with only be exercised in accordance with written laws, which were adopted written laws, which were adopted through an established procedure.through an established procedure.

2.2. AutocratAutocrat Ruler who has complete authorityRuler who has complete authority

The Division of the Roman EmpireThe Division of the Roman Empire

In 284 C.E. Diocletian became Roman emperor. He decided that the huge Roman empire could only be ruled by splitting it into two parts.

The Division of the Roman EmpireThe Division of the Roman EmpireFrom From World History: World History: Connections to Today Connections to Today Prentice Prentice Hall, 2003Hall, 2003

ConstantineConstantine In 330 C.E. Diocletian’s In 330 C.E. Diocletian’s

successor, successor, Constantine, , rebuilt the old port of rebuilt the old port of Byzantium, at the mouth Byzantium, at the mouth of the Black Sea. of the Black Sea.

He renamed it He renamed it Constantinople and made and made the city the capital of the the city the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.Eastern Roman Empire.

Just do it!Just do it!

Look at the following map and answer Look at the following map and answer this question in your notes.this question in your notes.

What are the advantages of building a What are the advantages of building a major city here?major city here?

What are the advantages of building a major city here?

AdvantagesAdvantages

PeninsulaPeninsula Provided natural safe harbors for Provided natural safe harbors for

shipsships– both merchant and military shipsboth merchant and military ships

Provided natural defenseProvided natural defense– water on three sides. (the Black and water on three sides. (the Black and

Aegean Seas)Aegean Seas)

AdvantagesAdvantages

TradeTrade Easy access to the Mediterranean Easy access to the Mediterranean

SeaSea Located at an important land route Located at an important land route

that linked Europe and Asia (Silk that linked Europe and Asia (Silk Road) Road)

The Fall of the Western Roman The Fall of the Western Roman EmpireEmpire

By 395 C.E., the Roman Empire was By 395 C.E., the Roman Empire was formally divided into two empires: East formally divided into two empires: East and West. and West.

With the invasion of Germanic forces from With the invasion of Germanic forces from the north, the Western Roman Empire the north, the Western Roman Empire was conquered and further divided. was conquered and further divided.

This left the eastern part of the Roman This left the eastern part of the Roman empire to carry on the Greco-Roman empire to carry on the Greco-Roman tradition.tradition.

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire At first, this Empire At first, this Empire

controlled only a controlled only a small area around the small area around the eastern eastern Mediterranean, but Mediterranean, but during the reign of during the reign of Justinian (527-565), it (527-565), it started to recover started to recover much of the territory much of the territory of the old Roman of the old Roman empire.empire.

The Byzantine Empire Under The Byzantine Empire Under JustinianJustinian

This map depicts the This map depicts the Empire at the death Empire at the death of Justinian I, who of Justinian I, who had reigned from had reigned from 527 to 565 as sole 527 to 565 as sole Emperor, Emperor, sometimes in sometimes in concert, and concert, and sometimes in sometimes in conflict, with his conflict, with his powerful wife powerful wife Theodora. Theodora.

The New RomeThe New Rome

It traded these for spices, ivory and precious stones on the Silk Road with China and India.

The Byzantine Empire was wealthy and produced:

gold, silk, grain, olives and wine

The Silk RoadThe Silk Road

Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and TheodoraJustinian ruled as an Justinian ruled as an

autocrat autocrat with the with the help of his wife, help of his wife, Theodora. Theodora.

They created a huge They created a huge Christian empire and Christian empire and the empire reached the empire reached its greatest size.its greatest size.

Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and Theodora

They also built They also built

Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia

And rebuilt the And rebuilt the HippodromeHippodrome

Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and TheodoraCreated Justinian’s Code – which organized all the laws Created Justinian’s Code – which organized all the laws

of ancient Rome.of ancient Rome.

Justinian’s Code of LawsJustinian’s Code of Laws Laws were more fair to women. They could Laws were more fair to women. They could

own property and raise their own children own property and raise their own children after their husbands died.after their husbands died.

Children could choose their own marriage Children could choose their own marriage partners.partners.

Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their masters.masters.

Punishments were detailed and fit the crimePunishments were detailed and fit the crime His work inspired the modern concept and, His work inspired the modern concept and,

indeed, the very spelling of "justice".indeed, the very spelling of "justice".

The End of the Byzantine The End of the Byzantine EmpireEmpire

The Byzantine empire The Byzantine empire drew to a close in 1453 drew to a close in 1453 when forces from the when forces from the Muslim Ottoman Muslim Ottoman Empire surrounded Empire surrounded and conquered and conquered Constantinople.Constantinople.

The ancient city was renamed Istanbul and The ancient city was renamed Istanbul and

became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.