Wardhaugh & Fuller (2015 ): Ch. 1
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Session OneWardhaugh & Fuller
(2015)Ch. 1
Saeed RezaeiSharif University of Technology
[email protected] February, 2016
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Competence vs. Performance
Chomsky’s view of idealized speakersChomsky’s view of language competence, LAD, …Ferdinand de Saussure lange vs. parole Hymes and communicative competence
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Variation
Variation in language e.g. variation in greetings or pronunciation in different contexts.
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Language and Identity
We will return to this later! But for now focus on the concept of identity from essentialist vs. post-structuralist view.
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Language and Solidarity
It refers to how a language can be a baton at which a community can cling to render a specific identity and sense of belonging. For example for the Azeri people in Tehran, Turkish Azeri is the language of solidarity.
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Idiolect
An idiolect is an individual’s way of speaking, including sounds, words, grammar, and style. Can you give an example for the Iranian context?
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The Whorfian Hypothesis It is also called Linguistic Determinism, Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis, or Sapir–
Whorf Hypothesis.
It was introduced by Sapir and his student Whorf but formerly proposed by Humboldt.
Whorf was a chemical engineer by training, a fire prevention engineer by vocation, and a linguist by avocation
the social categories we create and how we perceive events and actions are constrained by the language we speak. Different speakers will therefore experience the world differently insofar as the languages they speak differ structurally.
Whorf’s work on Native American languages, e.g. Hopi
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The Whorfian Hypothesis: contd. Whorf believed that the social categories we create and how
we perceive events and actions are constrained by the language we speak. Different speakers will therefore experience the world differently insofar as the languages they speak differ structurally.
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Correlation Studies and Variationist Sociolinguistics
We will elaborate on this later!
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Micro vs. Macro-sociolinguisticsSociolinguistics vs. Sociology of Language
Sociolinguistics or micro-sociolinguistics and the sociology of language or macro-sociolinguistics.
Sociolinguistics is narrower in scope and issues tackled Sociolinguistics is after the effect of the society on language whereas the latter investigates
the effect of language on the society Joshua Fishman is considered as the proponent of the sociology of language whereas Ferguson
or Hymes could be considered as the proponents of sociolinguistics Sociolinguists focus on language whereas scholars in the sociology of language focus on the
society Hudson (1996) relates to sociolinguistics as “the study of language in relation to the society”
whereas the sociology of language refers to “the study of society in relation to language”. Although a clear-cut demarcation cannot always be made between these two, there are
studies which are purely sociological rather than linguistic in nature especially the studies by Bernstein.
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Micro vs. Macro-sociolinguistics: Contnd.
For Coulmas (1997) micro-sociolinguists try to investigate how social factors such as age, gender, and class would affect language use (attitude to language/dialects); whereas, the macro-sociolinguists try to investigate what the society does with their language (e.g. language policy issues and language death/revival plans)
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Linguistic Anthropology vs. SociolinguisticsAlessandro Duranti
Professor of Anthropology at UCLA
They have some points in common, e.g. ethnography of communication or ethnography as a research tool in both research studies.
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Journal of Linguistic Anthropology: Wiley
Journal of Anthropological Linguistics: Indiana University, Bloomington
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Geo-linguisticsThe study of the geographical distribution of languages and
dialect. Dialectology falls within this line of research. Visit http://www.geo-linguistics.org/
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Critical Sociolinguistics Norman Faiclough, Emerius Professor of CDA at the University of
Lancaster Teun A. van Dijk editor in chief of several flagship journals in the field
of discourse analysis e.g. Discourse and SocietyRuth Wodak, Emerius Professor of CDA at the University of Lancaster
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Methodology in Sociolinguistics Research
Correlation Studies Micro-(socio)linguistic StudiesDiscourse AnalysisMacro-(socio)linguistic Studies Critical Analysis
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Data in Sociolinguistic Research Interview Observation and Ethnography Questionnaire Written and Spoken Corpora Matched-guise technique …
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Data Reliability
Observer's Paradox (William Labov) also Halo Effect Hawthorne Effect (Henry Landsberger) in a factory lighting project
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Research Design in Sociolinguistics
Quantitative Research and GeneralizabilityQualitative Research and Transferability
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Presentations: Next Session
Mr. Neysani: Keshavarz and Astaneh (15 mins) Miss Nowruzi: Afsharrad & Sadeghi (15 mins) Mr. Mousavi: Esperanto (15 mins)