WAN & LAN CLUSTER DIAGRAMSLarry ReidKaplan UniversityIT332

LAN CLUSTER

Router

Switch

Internet

Cat6

NodeNode

Node NodeNode

Node

Node

NodeSwitch

Management Server

Cluster

1st Floor

2nd Floor

3rd Floor

• This is a depiction of a LAN based cluster.

• The server cluster is in the server room in the top left corner, every server connects to a management server.

• The management server connects to the router that has internet access and to a switch which is connected to the rest of the wired LAN connection in the office building.

• Every floor has their own switch that connects back to the switch on the first floor, and then to the internet.

• The management server should also have additional hardware installed that would be used to run firewall and IPS/IDS software.

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WAN CLUSTER

The Internet

The Internet

Small TownIn Washington

Company Headquarters

In Texas

Big CityIn Florida

The Internet

Fiber WireLayer 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 1

Fiber WireLayer 1

Fiber WireLayer 1

Router

Switch

Router

RouterRouter

Router

NETWORK LAYER3IP/IPX/ICMP

Packets

DATA LINK LAYER2PPP/SLIP, MAC

Frames

PHYSICAL LAYER1HUB/Switch/CablesPhysical Structure

APPLICATION LAYER7SMTP/POP, HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, Telnet, DNS,

SNMP, NFSEnd User Layer

PRESENTATION LAYER6JPEG/ASCII, EBDIC/TIFF/GIFF, PICT

Syntax Layer

SESSION LAYER5RPC/SQL/NFS, NetBIOS

Synch and Send to Ports

TRANSPORT LAYER4TCP/SPX/UDP

Host to Host flow control

• On the right is a diagram of a Wide Area Network cluster in which there are servers in 3 different geographic locations.

• This is a software based cluster hence the reason for no management server to control the clustering, instead each server participates in administrative tasks.

• On the bottom middle of the diagram is the OSI model layers depicted with each protocol that they can use.

• The next page will explain the OSI model better.

THE OSI MODEL

1. The Physical Layer• This is the physical connection to the network and

the physical devices that make it happen.2. Data Link Layer

• This layer receives packets from layer 3, establishes a link to the recipient and sends the packets using frames or receives a connection from a host and receives packets, using the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), or the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) for serial connections.

3. Network Layer• At this layer the packet is created to send out on

to either layer 2 or onto the internet depending on the addressing, this layer uses the Internet Protocol (IP), Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), and the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).

4. Transport Layer• Responsible for end to end communications over

the network, providing support for the communication between application processes on hosts using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Sequence Packet Exchange Protocol (SPX), and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

5. Session Layer• Opens, closes, and manages sessions

between end users and applications processes. Used in application environments often and can allow and sync data transmissions of different streams or different sources. This layer uses Rate Control Protocol (RTP), Structured Query Language Protocol (SQL), Network File System Protocol (NFS), and the Network BIOS protocol (NetBIOS).

6. Presentation Layer• This layer is used for translate code, conduct

data conversion and compression, data encryption, and character set translation. After the previous layers unpack the data the presentation layer converts it to a language the system can understand and presents it to layer 7, additionally when sending information out it converts it encrypts the data and sends it to layer 5 or 4 depending on the contents.

7. Application Layer7. Finally we have the application layer which is

where data begins and ends. This layer is where an application would receive data from the web and display its contents, such as you browser and web pages. Additionally, this is where data is created that is to be sent on the internet. This layer uses the Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP), and the Post Office Protocol (POP) when sending email.

The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model was developed to standardize the functions of network communications and the use of protocols, there are seven layers in all.

REFERENCES

Techopedia, (N.D.). Presentation Layer. retrieved May 22 2016, from Techopedia Web Site: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/8955/presentation-layer

Rouse, M (2005). Data-Link layer. retrieved May 22 2016, from TechTarget Web Site: http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Data-Link-layer

Rouse, m (2006). physical layer. retrieved May 22 2016, from TechTarget Web Site: http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/physical-layer

Rouse, M (2006). Network layer. retrieved May 22 2016, from TechTarget Web Site: http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Network-layer

Rouse, M (2005). Transport layer. retrieved May 22 2016, from TechTarget Web Site: http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Transport-layer

Rouse, M (2006). Session layer (port layer). retrieved May 22 2016, from TechTarget Web Site: http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Session-layer

Rouse, M (2006). Application layer. retrieved May 22 2016, from TechTarget Web Site: http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Application-layer