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© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 2
WAN & Branch QoS Design Agenda
Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates WAN & Branch QoS Design
MPLS VPN Subscriber QoS Design
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 4
Why WAN QoS Designs Need Updating Business and Technical Drivers
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSIntro_40.html
New Business and Application Requirements Explosion of Video Apps Impact of HD Blurring of Voice/Video/Data application boundaries
New Standards and RFCs RFC 4594
New Platforms and Technologies New Routing Platforms and Software Features
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 5
New Business Requirements Cisco Visual Networking Index Findings
Global IP traffic will quadruple from 2009 to 2014.
Global Internet video traffic will surpass global peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic by the end of 2010. For the first time since 2000, P2P traffic will not be the largest Internet traffic type.
The global online video community will surpass 1 billion users by the end of 2010.
Internet video is now over one-third of all consumer Internet traffic, and will approach 40 percent of consumer Internet traffic by the end of 2010, not including the amount of video exchanged through P2P file sharing.
The sum of all forms of video (TV, video on demand, Internet, and P2P) will exceed 91 percent of global consumer traffic by 2014
Advanced Internet video (3D and HD) will increase 23-fold between 2009 and 2014. By 2014, 3D and HD Internet video will comprise 46 percent of consumer Internet video traffic.
Video communications traffic growth is accelerating. Video communications traffic will increase sevenfold from 2009 to 2014.
Real-time video is growing in importance. By 2014, Internet TV will be over 8 percent of consumer Internet traffic, and ambient video will be an additional 5 percent of consumer Internet traffic.
Video-on-demand (VoD) traffic will double every two and a half years through 2014. Consumer IPTV and CATV traffic will grow at a 33 percent CAGR between 2009 and 2014.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-481360.html
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 6
New Application Requirements The Impact of HD on the Network
User demand for HD video has a major impact on the network (H.264) 720p HD video requires twice as much bandwidth as (H.323) DVD
(H.264) 1080p HD video requires twice as much bandwidth as (H.264) 720p
0
1
2
3
4
5
(H.323) DVD (H.264) 720p (H.264) 1080p
Mbp
s
Min
Max
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Video/tpover.html#wp1043660
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 7
1080
line
s of
Hor
izon
tal R
esol
utio
n
1920 lines of Vertical Resolution (Widescreen Aspect Ratio is 16:9)
1080 x 1920 lines =
2,073,600 pixels per frame
x 3 colors per pixel
x 1 Byte (8 bits) per color
x 30 frames per second
= 1,492,992,000 bps
or 1.5 Gbps Uncompressed
Cisco H.264-based HD Codecs transmit 3-5 Mbps per 1080p image which represents over 99.67% compression (300:1)
Therefore packet loss is proportionally magnified in overall video quality Users can notice a single packet lost in 10,000—Making HD Video One Hundred Times More Sensitive to Packet Loss than VoIP!
New Application Requirements Stringent Tolerances of HD Media Applications
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Video/tpqos.html#wp1047856
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 8
20 msec
Voice Packets
Bytes
200
600
1000
Audio Samples
1400
Time
200
600
1000
1400
33 msec
Video Packets Video Frame
Video Frame
Video Frame
New Applications Requirements VoIP vs. HD Video—At the Packet Level
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSIntro_40.html#wp60774
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 9
New Application Requirements Trends in Voice, Video and Data Media Applications
Web Email
Messaging Data Apps
• App Sharing • Web/Internet • Messaging • Email
Voice • IP Telephony
Video • IP Video Conf
Data Apps
• App Sharing • Web/Internet • Messaging • Email
Voice
• IP Telephony • HD Audio • Softphone • Other VoIP
Video
• IP Video Conf • Surveillance • Video Telephony • HD Video Conf • VoD Streaming
Unmanaged
• Internet Streaming • Internet VoIP • YouTube • MySpace • Other
Ad-H
oc App
TelePresence
WebEx
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSIntro_40.html#wp60798
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 10
New Standards and RFCs Cisco Medianet DiffServ QoS Recommendations (RFC 4594-Based)
Application Class
Per-Hop Behavior
Admission Control
Queuing & Dropping
Application Examples
VoIP Telephony EF Required Priority Queue (PQ) Cisco IP Phones (G.711, G.729)
Broadcast Video CS5 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco IP Video Surveillance / Cisco Enterprise TV
Realtime Interactive CS4 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco TelePresence
Multimedia Conferencing AF4 Required BW Queue + DSCP WRED Cisco Unified Personal Communicator, WebEx
Multimedia Streaming AF3 Recommended BW Queue + DSCP WRED Cisco Digital Media System (VoDs)
Network Control CS6 BW Queue EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, HSRP, IKE
Call-Signaling CS3 BW Queue SCCP, SIP, H.323
Ops / Admin / Mgmt (OAM) CS2 BW Queue SNMP, SSH, Syslog
Transactional Data AF2 BW Queue + DSCP WRED ERP Apps, CRM Apps, Database Apps
Bulk Data AF1 BW Queue + DSCP WRED E-mail, FTP, Backup Apps, Content Distribution
Best Effort DF Default Queue + RED Default Class
Scavenger CS1 Min BW Queue (Deferential) YouTube, iTunes, BitTorent, Xbox Live
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSIntro_40.html#wp61104
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 11
New Standards and RFCs RFC 2597 Clarification: Endpoints can Mark at AFx2 and AFx3
Application Class PHB Marking Admission Control PHB Queuing & Dropping Application Examples
VoIP Telephony EF Required Priority Queue (PQ) Cisco IP Phones
Broadcast Video CS5 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco IPVS / Enterprise TV
Realtime Interactive CS4 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco TelePresence
MM-Conferencing
AF41
Required BW Queue + DSCP WRED
TANDBERG EX / MXP
AF42 CUPC / TANDBERG Movi
AF43 Cisco WebEx
MM-Streaming
AF3
Recommended BW Queue + DSCP WRED
Cisco Cast
AF32 Cisco Show-and-Share
AF33 Cisco Digital Signs
Network Control CS6 BW Queue EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, IKE
Call-Signaling CS3 BW Queue SCCP, SIP, H.323
OAM CS2 BW Queue SNMP, SSH, Syslog
Transactional Data
AF21
BW Queue + DSCP WRED
Order Processing Apps
AF22 CRM / ERP Apps
AF23 Messaging Apps
Bulk Data
AF11
BW Queue + DSCP WRED
Email AF12 FTP AF13 Backups
Best Effort DF Default Queue + RED Default Class
Scavenger CS1 Min BW Queue YouTube, iTunes, BitTorent
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 12
New Platforms and Technologies New Routing Platforms and Software Features
HQF
SIP/SPA
ASR
ISR G2
IntServ/DiffServ Integration
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 13
WAN & Branch QoS Design Agenda
Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates
WAN & Branch QoS Design
MPLS VPN Subscriber QoS Design
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 15
Medianet WAN & Branch Router Platforms
WAN Link Media & Speeds
QoS Mechanisms & Operations
Control Plane Policing
Medianet WAN Interface Roles
(DiffServ) WAN QoS Design (4-Class, 8-Class & 12-Class Models)
Link-Specific WAN QoS Design (Leased-Line, ATM PVC, POS)
Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design
RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html
WAN QoS Design Considerations & Design
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 16 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html
WAN QoS Considerations Medianet WAN & Branch Routers
Private WAN
MPLS VPN
Campus A
Acc
ess
WAN Aggregation
Routers
Campus B
Metro Ethernet
Dis
trib
utio
n
Cor
e
WA
N
Serv
ices
B
lock
IPSec VPN
Branch B
Branch Routers
Branch A
Medianet WAN Aggregation Routers: • Cisco ASR 1000 • Cisco 6500/7600 with SIP/SPA
Medianet Branch Routers: • Cisco ISR G2 3900 • Cisco ISR G2 2900
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 17 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129370
WAN Aggregation Router Platform Performance Capacity Cisco Catalyst 6500 / 7600 with SIP-200 1 Gbps
Cisco Catalyst 6500 / 7600 with SIP-400 4 Gbps
Cisco Catalyst 6500 / 7600 with SIP-600 10 Gbps
Cisco ASR 1002 with ESP 2.5, ESP5, or ESP10 2.5 Gbps, 5 Gbps or 10 Gbps, respectively
Cisco ASR 1004 with ESP10 or ESP20 10 Gbps or 20 Gbps, respectively
WAN QoS Considerations Medianet WAN Aggregation Routing Platform Capacities
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 18
Branch Router Platform Performance Capacity
Cisco 3945E Sub-rate GE (350Mbps)
Cisco 3925E Sub-rate GE (250Mbps)
Cisco 3945 Line-rate FE+ (150Mbps)
Cisco 3925 Line-rate FE+ (100Mbps)
Cisco 2951 VDSL2+, Sub-rate FE (75Mbps)
Cisco 2921 VDSL2+, Sub-rate FE (50Mbps)
Cisco 2911 VDSL2+, Sub-rate FE (35Mbps)
Cisco 2901 1T1/E1, EFM (25Mbps)
Branch QoS Considerations Medianet Branch Routing Platform Capacities
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 19 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129483
Media Line Rates / Speeds Serial T3 (45 Mbps)
ATM DS3 (45 Mbps) to OC48/STM16 (2.5 Gbps)
POS OC3/STM1 (155 Mbps) to OC192/STM64 (10 Gbps)
Ethernet 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps
WAN QoS Considerations Medianet WAN/VPN Link Media and Speeds
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 20
Packets In
Packets Out
Tx-Ring
IOS Interface Buffers
If the Tx-Ring is filled to capacity, then the IOS software knows that the interface
is congested and it should activate any LLQ/CBWFQ policies that have been
applied to the interface
WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Tx-Ring Operation
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129403
interface Serial2/0 tx-ring-limit 4
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 21
Packets In
Packets Out
WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Fair-Queuing Operation (Flow-Based Fair-Queuing)
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129419
Fair-Queuing Sorter/Pre-Sorter
A flow is defined by five matching tuples: Source Address + Source Port
Destination Address + Destination Port Layer 4 Protocol (TCP or UDP)
policy-map FQ class class-default fair-queue
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 22
Packets In
Packets Out
IOS Interface Buffers
Tx-Ring Multimedia Conferencing CBWFQ
Multimedia Streaming CBWFQ
Network Control CBWFQ
Call Signaling CBWFQ
OAM CBWFQ
Transactional Data CBWFQ
Bulk Data CBWFQ
Best Effort / Default CBWFQ
Scavenger CBWFQ
CBWFQ Scheduler
FQ
FQ
FQ
FQ Pre-Sorters
FQ
FQ
WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation CBWFQ Operation
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129419
policy-map CBWFQ class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 5 class CALL-SIGNALING bandwidth percent 5 class OAM bandwidth percent 5 class MM-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue …
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 23
Packets In
Packets Out
IOS Interface Buffers
Tx-Ring CBWFQ
Scheduler
LLQ
1 Mbps VoIP
Policer
FQ Pre-Sorters
CBWFQ
WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation (Single) LLQ Operation
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129443
policy-map LLQ class VOIP priority 1000 …
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 24
Packets In
Packets Out
IOS Interface Buffers
Tx-Ring CBWFQ
Scheduler
LLQ
1 Mbps VoIP
Policer
4 Mbps Bscst-Video
Policer
5 Mbps RT-Interactive
Policer
CBWFQ
WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Multi-LLQ Operation
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129469
policy-map MULTI-LLQ class VOIP priority 1000 class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority 4000 class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority 5000 …
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 25
Bulk Data CBWFQ Fair- Queue Pre- Sorter
AF13 Minimum WRED Threshold: Begin randomly dropping AF13 Packets
AF12 Minimum WRED Threshold: Begin randomly dropping AF12 Packets
AF11 Minimum WRED Threshold: Begin randomly dropping AF11 Packets
Maximum WRED Thresholds for AF11, AF12 and AF13 are set to the tail of the queue in this example
Front of
Queue
Tail of
Queue
Direction of
Packet Flow
WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation DSCP-Based WRED Operation
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129476
policy-map BULK-WRED class BULK bandwidth percent 10 random-detect dscp-based
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 26 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129625
Branch QoS Considerations AutoQoS Considerations
Two versions of AutoQoS in the WAN: AutoQoS—VoIP (2001) AutoQoS—Enterprise (2005)
AutoQoS—Enterprise automatically detects and provisions up to 10 application classes
Some markings and classes differ from Cisco Medianet QoS Model (slide 10)
Policies will vary according to traffic profiles sampled
AutoQoS—Enterprise Traffic Class
Transactional/Interactive AF21
Telephony Signaling CS3
Streaming Video CS4
Interactive Video AF41
Interactive Voice EF
Network Management CS2
Bulk Data AF11
Scavenger CS1
Best Effort 0
IP Routing CS6
DSCP
1) Discovery Mode: interface Serial2/0 auto discovery qos
2) Configuration Mode: interface Serial2/0 auto qos
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 27
Control Plane Policing (Mitigating DoS Attack)
Silent Mode (Reconnaissance Prevention)
Processor Switched Packets
Output from the Control
Plane Input
to the Control Plane
Control Plane Management SNMP, Telnet ICMP IPv6 Routing
Updates Management
SSH, SSL …..
Packet Buffer
Output Packet Buffer
CEF/FIB Lookup
AC
L
UR
PF
NAT
WAN QoS Considerations Control Plane Policing
control-plane service-policy input CPP-POLICY service-policy output CPP-POLICY
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129625 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp131394
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 28
WAN QoS Design Medianet WAN Interface Roles
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp12960
Private WAN
MPLS VPN
WAN Aggregation
Routers
Metro Ethernet
WA
N/V
PN S
ervi
ces
Blo
ck
IPSec VPN
WAN/VPN Edge Router Interface: • No Trust (IOS default) • LLQ/CBWFQ policies • Additional VPN-specific QoS policies (as required)
(Optional) RSVP-Enabled WAN/VPN Edge Router Interface + RSVP bandwidth reservation policies + (Optional) Application ID RSVP policies
Switch Port to Switch Port or Router Interface: • Trust-DSCP • 1P3QyT or 1P7QyT Queuing
Router Interface to Switch Port : • No Trust (IOS Default) • (Optional) LLQ/CBWFQ policies (only if potential for congestion exists in WAN-to-LAN direction)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 29
WAN QoS Design Design Recommendations
Bandwidth Provisioning Guidelines for Realtime Traffic Limit LLQ(s) to 33%
Bandwidth Provisioning Guidelines for Best Effort Traffic Provision at least 25% for the Best Effort Queue
Bandwidth Provisioning Guidelines for Scavenger Traffic Provision Scavenger to a minimum bandwidth (such as 1%)
Guidelines for Enabling Fair-Queuing Pre-Sorters Enable FQ Pre-Sorters on all classes except control & scavenger classes
Guidelines for Enabling WRED Enable DSCP-based WRED on all AF classes Configure min-thresholds at 60% (AFx3), 70% (AFx2) and 80% (AFx1) Configure all max-thresholds at 100%
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 30
WAN QoS Design WAN Edge Class-Expansion Models
Time
Critical Data
Realtime
4-Class Model
Best Effort
Signaling / Control Call Signaling
Critical Data
Interactive Video
Voice
8-Class Model
Scavenger
Best Effort
Streaming Video
Network Control
Network Management
Realtime Interactive
Transactional Data
Multimedia Conferencing
Voice
12-Class Model
Bulk Data
Scavenger
Best Effort
Multimedia Streaming
Network Control
Broadcast Video
Call Signaling
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSIntro_40.html#wp61135
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 31
Voice 10%
Broadcast Video 10%
Real2me Interac2ve 13%
0% Network Control 2%
Management 3%
Signaling 2%
0%
Mul2media Streaming 10%
Mul2media Conferencing 10%
Transac2onal Data 10%
Bulk Data 4%
Scavenger 1%
0%
Best Effort 25%
WAN QoS Design Bandwidth Allocation Models
Interac2ve Video 23%
0% 0% Network Control 5%
Signaling 2%
0% 0%
Cri2cal Data 24%
0% 0% 0%
Real2me 33%
0% 0% 0% Control 7%
0% 0% 0% Cri2cal Data
35%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 32
WAN QoS Design 4-Class WAN Model—Part 1 of 2 class-map match-any REALTIME match dscp ef ! Matches VoIP match dscp cs5 ! Matches Broadcast Video match dscp cs4 ! Matches Realtime-Interactive
class-map match-any CONTROL match dscp cs6 ! Matches Network-Control match dscp cs3 ! Matches Signaling (control-plane traffic for voice/video infrastructure) match dscp cs2 ! Matches Network Management
class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA match dscp af41 af42 af43 ! Matches Multimedia Conferencing on AF4 match dscp af31 af32 af33 ! Matches Multimedia Streaming on AF3 match dscp af21 af22 af23 ! Matches Transactional Data on AF2 match dscp af11 af12 af13 ! Matches Bulk Data on AF1
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129811
Critical Data
Realtime
4-Class Model
Best Effort
Control
EF CS5 CS4
CS6 / CS3 / CS2 AF4 AF3 AF2 AF1
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 33
WAN QoS Design 4-Class WAN Model—Part 2 of 2 policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS class REALTIME priority percent 33 ! Provisions 33% LLQ for REALTIME class class CONTROL bandwidth percent 7 ! Provisions 7% CBWFQ for CONTROL class class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 35 ! Provisions 35% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class class-default bandwidth percent 25 ! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned>
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129811
Verification Commands: • show class-map • show policy-map
Real2me 33%
0% 0% 0% Control 7%
0% 0% 0% Cri2cal Data
35%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Best Effort 25%
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 34
WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model—Part 1 of 4 class-map match-all VOICE match dscp ef ! Matches VoIP
class-map match-any INTERACTIVE-VIDEO match dscp cs5 ! Matches Broadcast Video match dscp cs4 ! Matches Realtime-Interactive
class-map match-any NETWORK-CONTROL match dscp cs6 ! Matches Network Control match dscp cs2 ! Matches Network Management
class-map match-all SIGNALING match dscp cs3 ! Matches Signaling
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
Call Signaling
Critical Data
Interactive Video
Voice
8-Class Model
Scavenger
Best Effort
Streaming Video
Network Control
EF
CS5 CS4
AF3
CS3
CS6/CS2
AF4 AF2 AF1
CS1
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 35
WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model—Part 2 of 4 class-map match-all MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING match dscp af31 af32 af33 ! Matches Multimedia-Streaming on AF3
class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA match dscp af41 af42 af43 ! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing on AF4 match dscp af21 af22 af23 ! Matches Transactional-Data on AF2 match dscp af11 af12 af13 ! Matches Bulk-Data on AF1
class-map match-all SCAVENGER match dscp cs1 ! Matches Scavenger
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
Call Signaling
Critical Data
Interactive Video
Voice
8-Class Model
Scavenger
Best Effort
Streaming Video
Network Control
EF
CS5 CS4
AF3
CS3
CS6/CS2
AF4 AF2 AF1
CS1
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 36
WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model—Part 3 of 4 policy-map WAN-EDGE-8-CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10 ! Provisions 10% LLQ for VOICE class (dual LLQ-policy) class INTERACTIVE-VIDEO priority percent 23 ! Provisions 23% LLQ for INTERACTIVE-VIDEO class (dual-LLQ policy) class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 5 ! Provisions 5% CBWFQ for NETWORK-CONTROL class class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2 ! Provisions 2% CBWFQ for SIGNALING class class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ for MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> …
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
0% 0%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 37
… class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 24 ! Provisions 24% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1 ! Constrains Scavenger class to 1% CBWFQ class class-default bandwidth percent 25 ! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned>
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model—Part 4 of 4
Verification Commands: • show class-map • show policy-map
0% 0%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 38
WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model—Part 1 of 5 class-map match-all VOICE match dscp ef ! Matches VoIP
class-map match-all BROADCAST-VIDEO match dscp cs5 ! Matches Broadcast Video
class-map match-all REALTIME-INTERACTIVE match dscp cs4 ! Matches Realtime-Interactive
class-map match-all NETWORK-CONTROL match dscp cs6 ! Matches Network Control
class-map match-all SIGNALING match dscp cs3 ! Matches Signaling
class-map match-all NETWORK-MANAGEMENT match dscp cs2 ! Matches Network Management
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
Network Management
Realtime Interactive
Transactional Data
Multimedia Conferencing
Voice
12-Class Model
Bulk Data
Scavenger
Best Effort
Multimedia Streaming
Network Control
Broadcast Video
Call Signaling
EF
CS5
CS4
CS6
CS3
CS2
AF4
AF3
AF2
AF1
CS1
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 39
WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model—Part 2 of 5
class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING match dscp af41 match dscp af42 match dscp af43 ! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing
class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING match dscp af31 match dscp af32 match dscp af33 ! Matches Multimedia-Streaming
class-map match-any TRANSACTIONAL-DATA match dscp af21 match dscp af22 match dscp af23 ! Matches Transactional-Data
class-map match-any BULK-DATA match dscp af11 match dscp af12 match dscp af13 ! Matches Bulk-Data
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
class-map match-all SCAVENGER match dscp cs1 ! Matches Scavenger
+
Network Management
Realtime Interactive
Transactional Data
Multimedia Conferencing
Voice
12-Class Model
Bulk Data
Scavenger
Best Effort
Multimedia Streaming
Network Control
Broadcast Video
Call Signaling
EF
CS5
CS4
CS6
CS3
CS2
AF4
AF3
AF2
AF1
CS1
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 40
WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model—Part 3 of 5 policy-map WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10 ! Provisions 10% LLQ to VOICE class (multi-LLQ policy) class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority percent 10 ! Provisions 10% LLQ to BROADCAST-VIDEO class (multi-LLQ policy) class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority percent 13 ! Provisions 13% LLQ to REALTIME-INTERACTIVE class (multi-LLQ policy) class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 2 ! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to NETWORK-CONTROL class class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2 ! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to SIGNALING class class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT bandwidth percent 3 ! Provisions 3% CBWFQ to NETWORK-MANAGEMENT class …
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 41
WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model—Part 4 of 5 … class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA bandwidth percent 10 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> …
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 42
WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model—Part 5 of 5
… class BULK-DATA bandwidth percent 4 ! Provisions 4% CBWFQ to BULK-DATA class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on BULK-DATA class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on BULK-DATA class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1 ! Constrains Scavenger to 1% CBWFQ class class-default bandwidth percent 25 ! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned>
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
Verification Commands: • show class-map • show policy-map
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 43
Link-Specific WAN QoS Design Serial/Leased-Line Design
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp130468
interface Serial2/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-SERIAL-T3 bandwidth 44210 ip address 10.0.12.5 255.255.255.252 load-interval 30 ! Minimizes the interface-statistics sampling-period (optional) tx-ring-limit 10 ! Optimizes the T3 Tx-Ring for medianet dsu bandwidth 44210 framing c-bit cablelength 10 serial restart-delay 0 service-policy output WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS ! Attaches a service policy to serial T3 interface
Verification Commands: •show class-map •show policy-map •show controllers •show interface •show policy-map interface
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 44
Link-Specific WAN QoS Design ATM PVC Design
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp130649
interface ATM4/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-ATM-OC3 bandwidth 149760 no ip address load-interval 30 no atm ilmi-keepalive no atm enable-ilmi-trap ! ! interface ATM4/0.1 point-to-point description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-ATM-OC3-SUB-INT ip address 10.0.12.13 255.255.255.252 no atm enable-ilmi-trap pvc 0/112 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-ATM-OC3-PVC vbr-rt 149760 149760 ! Defines the ATM traffic contract: Variable Bit Rate - Realtime service-policy output WAN-EDGE-8-CLASS ! Attaches service policy to the physical ATM interface !
Verification Commands: •show class-map •show policy-map •show interface •show atm pvc •show policy-map interface
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 45
Link-Specific WAN QoS Design POS Design
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp130873
interface POS6/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-POS-OC3 bandwidth 155000 ip address 10.0.12.17 255.255.255.252 load-interval 30 ! service-policy output WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS ! Attaches service policy to the physical POS interface !
Verification Commands: •show class-map •show policy-map •show interface •show policy-map interface
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 46
Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design SIP/SPA WAN QoS Feature Support Matrix
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp130269
Congestion Management and Avoidance Feature
Cisco 7600 SIP-200 Cisco 7600 SIP-400 Cisco 7600 SIP-600
Class-based Weighted Fair Queuing: bandwidth and queue-limit commands
Supported for all SPAs Supported for all SPAs Supported for all SPAs
Flow-based Queuing: fair-queue command
Supported for all SPAs.
Not supported Not supported
Low Latency Queuing: priority command
Strict priority only—Supported for all SPAs
Strict priority only—Supported for all SPAs
Supported for all SPAs
Weighted Random Early Detection: random-detect commands
Supported for all SPAs Supported for all SPAs Not supported
Aggregate Weighted Random Early Detection random-detect aggregate and random-detect dscp (aggregate) commands
Supported for ATM SPA PVCs only—Cisco IOS Release 12.2(18)SXE and later.
Supported for ATM SPA PVCs only— Cisco IOS Release 12.2(18)SXE and later.
Supported for all SPAs.
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 47
Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design SIP/SPA Workaround: LLQ without Implicit Policer
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp130323
policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS-SIP-SPA class REALTIME police 50 mbps ! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 50 Mbps priority ! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer S
ingl
e LL
Q:
policy-map WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS-SIP-SPA class VOICE police 15 mbps ! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 15 Mbps priority ! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer class BROADCAST-VIDEO police 15 mbps ! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 15 Mbps priority ! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE police 20 mbps ! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 15 Mbps priority ! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer
Mul
ti-LL
Q E
xam
ple:
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 48
Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design SIP/SPA Workaround: Aggregate WRED on ATM PVCs
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp136944
policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS-SIP-SPA-ATM-PVC class REALTIME police 50 mbps priority class CONTROL bandwidth percent 6 class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 35 random-detect dscp-based aggregate ! Enables Aggregate DSCP-based WRED random-detect dscp values af13 af23 af33 af43 minimum-thresh 6600 maximum-thresh 11009 ! Tunes WRED min-thresh for AFx3 to 6600 and max-thresh to 11009 packets random-detect dscp values af12 af22 af32 af42 minimum-thresh 7700 maximum-thresh 11009 ! Tunes WRED min-thresh for AFx2 to 7700 and max-thresh to 11009 packets random-detect dscp values af11 af21 af31 af41 minimum-thresh 8800 maximum-thresh 11009 ! Tunes WRED min-thresh for AFx1 to 8800 and max-thresh to 11009 packets class class-default bandwidth percent 25 random-detect dscp-based aggregate ! Enables Aggregate DSCP-based WRED random-detect dscp values cs1 minimum-thresh 5600 maximum-thresh 7500 ! Tunes WRED min-thresh for CS1 to 5600 and max-thresh to 7500 packets random-detect dscp values default minimum-thresh 7500 maximum-thresh 9360 ! Tunes WRED min-thresh for DF to 7500 and max-thresh to 9360 packets
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 49 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp131709
Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design ASR Internal QoS—Potential Oversubscription Points
Route Processor (standby)
Interconnect.
Embedded Service Processor (active)
Interconnect.
Cisco QFP
Embedded Service Processor (standby)
Interconnect.
SPA SPA …
Interconnect.
SPA SPA …
Interconnect.
SPA SPA …
Interconnect.
Midplane
Route Processor (active)
Interconnect.
SPA-SPI, 11.2Gbps each direct Hypertransport, 8Gbps each direction
ESI, 11.5Gbps each direction
SIP10 ingress QoS 4 SPAs into 1 interconnect 40Gbps -> 10 Gbps
Interconnect QoS 3 SIP10 into 1 ESP10 30Gbps -> 10 Gbps
ESP10 Egress QoS Cisco QFP into SPI 30Gbps -> 10 Gbps Scheduled by ESP10 QPM
SIP10 egress QoS 10 Gbps into SIP10 Up to 10Gbps
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 50
Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design ASR Internal QoS: Internal Scheduling
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp131792
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 plim qos input map ip dscp-based ! Designates that internal scheduling is to be DSCP-based plim qos input map ip dscp cs4 cs5 ef queue strict-priority ! Maps CS4 (Realtime Interactive) & CS5 (Broadcast Video) to the internal PQ ! EF is already mapped to the internal PQ by default
SPA-Based Internal Scheduling Classification Example
SIP-Based Internal Scheduling Classification Example
ingress-class-map 1 map ip dscp-based ! Designates that internal scheduling is to be DSCP-based map ip dscp 32 40 queue strict-priority ! Maps CS4 (Realtime Interactive) & CS5 (Broadcast Video) to the internal PQ ! EF is already mapped to the internal PQ by default …
interface POS0/1/0 plim qos input class-map 1 ! Attaches the ingress-queuing class-map to the interface
Verification Command: •show platform hardware interface type sip/spa/interface plim qos input map
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 51
RSVP WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Resource Reservation Protocol Operation (RSVP)
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129507
48 24 0
24
30 6
0
64
64
40
96
56
24 72 80
72 48
30 24
24 64 48 48
24
48
64 24
80 RSVP Bandwidth Pool Provisioned on Each
Router Interface
If There Is Sufficient Bandwidth Throughout
the Network, the Reservation Succeeds
If Bandwidth on Any Link Throughout the Network Is
Not Sufficient, the Reservation Fails
Device 1
Device 2
RSVP Signaling Uses Same IP Route as the
Data Stream That Needs Reservation
RSVP-Unaware Routers Ignore and Forward All
RSVP Messages
Device 3
Device 4
interface Serial2/0 ip rsvp bandwidth 56
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 52
RSV
P
RSVP Signaling
LLQ
/CB
WFQ
IntServ Model
Data
Control Plane
Data Plane
RSV
P
IntServ / DiffServ Model
Scheduling + Policing
Call Admission Control
YES ?
NO
Data
Control Plane
Data Plane
RSVP Signaling
Scheduling + Policing
Call Admission Control
YES ?
NO
RSVP WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation RSVP IntServ/DiffServ Model (a.k.a RSVP Scalability Enhancements)
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp134266
interface Serial2/0 ip rsvp data-packet classification none ip rsvp resource-provider none service-policy output WAN-EDGE-DIFFSERV-POLICY
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 53
RSVP WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation RSVP Application ID (App ID) Object
Introduced in RFC 2872 as part of RSVP policy element—associates RSVP reservation with a specific application and sub-application
Allows routers to admit reservations based on the application requesting bandwidth
Protects bandwidth resources across applications
In Cisco IOS, App ID’s are associated to RSVP local policies which define corresponding behavior
Usage example: in presence of voice and video calls, prevent video calls from using all available bandwidth
App ID Y App ID Y
Local Policy X
Local Policy Y
ip rsvp bandwidth
ip rsvp bandwidth
Without A
pp ID
App ID X
App ID X
App ID X
ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VIDEO policy-locator .*VideoStream.* ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VOICE policy-locator .*AudioStream.* … interface Serial2/0 ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VIDEO … ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VOICE …
With A
pp ID
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129594
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 54
RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design Basic IntServ/DiffServ RSVP Design
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp131122
interface Serial2/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-SERIAL-T3-WITH-RSVP bandwidth 44210 … ! service-policy output WAN-EDGE-DIFFSERV-POLICY ! Attaches the DiffServ MQC policy to the interface ip rsvp bandwidth 15000 ! Specifies the amount of reservable BW (should match LLQ BW) ip rsvp signalling dscp 24 ! Marks RSVP signaling traffic to CS3 ip rsvp data-packet classification none ! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for classification ip rsvp resource-provider none ! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for scheduling ! Verification Commands:
•show class-map •show policy-map •show interface •show policy-map interface •show ip rsvp interface •show ip rsvp interface detail •show ip rsvp installed
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 55
RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design Advanced RSVP Design (with APP-ID)—Part 1 of 2
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp131240
interface Serial2/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-SERIAL-T3-WITH-RSVP bandwidth 44210 … ! service-policy output WAN-EDGE-DIFFSERV-POLICY ! Attaches the DiffServ MQC policy to the interface ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VIDEO maximum bandwidth group 12500 forward all ! Defines a local RSVP policy to admit up to 12.5 Mbps of video flows ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VOICE maximum bandwidth group 2500 forward all ! Defines a local RSVP policy to admit up to 2.5 Mbps of voice flows ip rsvp bandwidth 15000 ! Specifies the amount of reservable BW (should match LLQ BW) ip rsvp signalling dscp 24 ! Marks RSVP signaling traffic to CS3 ip rsvp data-packet classification none ! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for classification ip rsvp resource-provider none ! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for scheduling ! …
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 56
RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design Advanced RSVP Design (with APP-ID)—Part 2 of 2
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp131240
… ! This section defines the regular expressions to match RSVP Application IDs ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VIDEO policy-locator .*VideoStream.* ! RSVP AppIDs with the string "VideoStream" will be ! Associated with the RSVP-VIDEO local RSVP policy ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VOICE policy-locator .*AudioStream.* ! RSVP AppIDs with the string "AudioStream" will be ! Associated with the RSVP-VIDEO local RSVP policy
Verification Commands: •show class-map •show policy-map •show interface •show policy-map interface •show ip rsvp interface •show ip rsvp interface detail •show ip rsvp installed •show ip rsvp policy local •show ip rsvp policy local detail
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 57
WAN & Branch QoS Design
Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates
WAN & Branch QoS Design
MPLS VPN Subscriber QoS Design
Agenda
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 59
MPLS VPN QoS Design Considerations
QoS Paradigm Shift
MPLS VPN DiffServ Tunneling Modes
Enterprise-to-Service Provider Mapping Models
Sub-Line-Rate Access Design
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 60
CE Router
MPLS VPN
PE Router
P Routers
CE Router
PE Router
CE Egress (Subscriber): Queuing/Dropping/Shaping/Remarking
PE Ingress (Provider): Policing and Remarking PE Egress (Provider):
Queuing/Dropping/Shaping
Core DiffServ and/or MPLS TE Policies (Provider)
MPLS VPN QoS Considerations QoS Requirements over MPLS VPNs
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 61
Enterprises must co-manage QoS with their MPLS VPN service providers; their policies must be consistent and complementary
Paradigm Shift:
MPLS VPN QoS Considerations QoS Implication of MPLS VPNs
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 62
CE1 PE1
Uniform
Pipe
Short Pipe
IP IP IP/MPLS PE2 CE2
MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS DiffServ Tunneling Modes
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 63
Direction of Packet Flow
CE Router MPLS VPN PE Router
P Routers
CE Router PE Router
Assume a Policer Remarks Out-of-Contract Traffic’s Top-Most Label to MPLS EXP 0 Here
IPP3/DSCP AF31 Packet Initially Marked to IPP3/ DSCP AF31
MPLS EXP 3
MPLS EXP 3
IPP3/DSCP AF31 By Default IPP Values Will Be Copied to MPLS EXP Labels
MPLS EXP 3
MPLS EXP 0
IPP3/DSCP AF31 Top-Most Label Is Marked down by a Policer
MPLS EXP 0
IPP3/DSCP AF31 Top-Most Label Is Popped, and EXP Value Is Copied to Underlying Label
IPP0/DSCP 0 MPLS EXP Value Is Copied to IP ToS Byte
Shaded Area Represents Customer/Provider DiffServ Domain
MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Uniform Mode DiffServ Tunneling
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 64
Ingress Marking from LAN
CE Router
Ingress Remarking from MPLS VPN
MPLS VPN
Enterprise Customers May Need to Remark on Ingress from Their MPLS VPN SP to Restore DiffServ Markings That May Have Been Changed in Transit Through the Cloud
MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Uniform Mode DiffServ Tunneling – Design Impact
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 65
IPP3/DSCP AF31
MPLS EXP 4
MPLS EXP 4
IPP3/DSCP AF31
MPLS EXP 4
IPP3/DSCP AF31 IPP3/DSCP AF31
Packet Initially Marked to IPP3/ DSCP AF31
MPLS EXP Values Are Set Independently from IPP/DSCP Values
Top-Most Label Is Marked down by a Policer
No Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)
Original Customer- Marked IP ToS Values Are Preserved
PE Edge (to CE) Policies Are Based on Provider Markings
Assume a Policer Remarks Out-of-Contract Traffic’s Top-Most Label to MPLS EXP 0 Here
MPLS EXP 4
MPLS EXP 0
IPP3/DSCP AF31
MPLS EXP 0
CE Router
CE Router
P Routers
Shaded Area Represents Provider DiffServ Domain
MPLS VPN
Unshaded Areas Represent Customer DiffServ Domain
Direction of Packet Flow
PE Router
PE Router
MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Pipe Mode DiffServ Tunneling
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 66
CE Router PE Router
P Routers
CE Router PE Router
Assume a Policer Remarks Out-of-Contract Traffic’s Top-Most Label to MPLS EXP 0 Here
IPP3/DSCP AF31 IPP3/DSCP AF31
Packet Initially Marked to IPP3/ DSCP AF31
MPLS EXP 4
MPLS EXP 4
IPP3/DSCP AF31 MPLS EXP Values Are Set Independently from IPP/DSCP Values
MPLS EXP 0
IPP3/DSCP AF31
Top-Most Label Is Popped (PHP), but Egress Policy Is Based on EXP 0 of Topmost Label
Original Customer- Marked IP ToS Values Are Preserved
Shaded Area Represents Provider DiffServ Domain
PE Edge (to CE) Policies Are Based on Customer Markings
Unshaded Areas Represent Customer DiffServ Domain
MPLS EXP 4
MPLS EXP 0
IPP3/DSCP AF31 Topmost Label Is Marked Down by a Policer
Direction of Packet Flow
MPLS VPN
MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Short-Pipe Mode DiffServ Tunneling
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 67
MPLS VPN
Branch 1
Branch 2
Outbound Policies: Inbound Policies: HQoS Shaper (if required) + LLQ for VoIP (EF) Trust DSCP + LLQ or BDCST-Video and/or RT-Interactive + Remark traffic (as necessary) + Restore markings (if necessary) + CBWFQ for other traffic classes + Remark traffic (if necessary) + Restore markings (if necessary)
≤ 33% of BW
Enterprise Subscriber (Unmanaged CE Routers)
Service Provider: Outbound Policies: Inbound Policies: + LLQ for Real-Time Trust DSCP + CBWFQ for Critical Data Police on a per-Class Basis
CE Routers CE Routers PE Routers
Campus VPN Block
E
E
E
E
F
F
F
F
F
E
MPLS VPN QoS Design MPLS VPN Port QoS Roles
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 68
OAM
Signaling
Realtime Interactive
Transactional Data
Broadcast Video
VoIP Telephony
Application
Bulk Data
AF2 AF3
CS3
CS4 CS5
CS5
EF
CS2
AF1
Scavenger CS1
Best Effort DF
Network Control CS6
Multimedia Streaming AF3 AF2
DSCP 4-Class SP Model
SP-Critical 1 (TCP) 20%
SP-Critical 2 (UDP) 20%
SP-Best Effort 30%
AF2
DF
SP-Real-Time (RTP/UDP)
30%
EF
CS3
AF3
CS6
CS2
CS5
Multimedia Conferencing AF4 AF2
MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 4-Class PE Model
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 69
MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 4-Class PE Model—Part 1 of 2 policy-map WAN-EDGE-12CLASS-TO-4CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10 class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority percent 10 class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority percent 10 set dscp cs5 ! Remarks Realtime-Interactive to CS5 to gain admission to SP-Realtime Class class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 2 class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2 class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT bandwidth percent 3 class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based set dscp af21 ! Remarks Multimedia-Conferencing to gain admission to SP-Critical-2 Class …
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 70
… class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based set dscp af21 ! Remarks Multimedia-Streaming to gain admission to SP-Critical-2 Class class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based set dscp af31 ! Remarks Transactional-Data to gain admission to SP-Critical-1 Class class BULK-DATA bandwidth percent 4 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1 class class-default bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 4-Class PE Model—Part 2 of 2
Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 71
Network Management
Signaling
Realtime Interactive
Transactional Data
Broadcast Video
VoIP Telephony
Application
Bulk Data
AF2
CS3
CS4 CS5
CS5
EF
CS2
AF1
Scavenger CS1
Best Effort DF
Network Control CS6
Multimedia Streaming AF3
DSCP 6-Class SP Model
SP-Critical 2 15%
SP-Critical 3 15%
SP-Best Effort 25%
AF2
DF
SP-Realtime 30%
EF
AF3
CS6
CS2
CS5
Multimedia Conferencing AF4 SP-Critical 1 10%
SP-Scavenger 5%
AF4
CS3
CS1 AF1
CS6
CS4
MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 6-Class PE Model
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 72
MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 6-Class PE Model—Part 1 of 2 policy-map WAN-EDGE-12CLASS-TO-6CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10 class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority percent 10 class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority percent 10 set dscp cs5 ! Remarks Realtime-Interactive to CS5 to gain admission to SP-Realtime Class class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 2 class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2 class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT bandwidth percent 3 class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based …
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 73
… class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class BULK-DATA bandwidth percent 4 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1 class class-default bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129976
MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 6-Class PE Model—Part 2 of 2
Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 74
MPLS VPN or Metro Ethernet
Network
Network-Facing Provider Edges
(N-PE) Sub-Line Rate
Ethernet Access Circuit
Trust DSCP + Hierarchical QoS (HQoS) shaping policy (to sub-line access rate with nested queuing policy
Trust DSCP + Queuing Policy
HQoS Capable Switch or Router
MPLS VPN QoS Design Sub-Line-Rate Access Design
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 75
TX Ring
policy-map ACCESS-EDGE class VOIP priority 1000 class REALTIME priority 15000 class CALL-SIGNALING bandwidth x class TRANSACTIONAL bandwidth y class BULK-DATA bandwidth z class class-default fair-queue
Packets in
Packets out
policy-map HQoS-50MBPS class class-default shape average 50000000 200000 service-policy ACCESS-EDGE
CBWFQ Scheduler
FQ
Call-Signaling CBWFQ Transactional CBWFQ
Bulk Data CBWFQ Default Queue
1 Mbps VOIP
Policer
15 Mbps REALTIME
Policer
16 Mbps PQ (FIFO Between VOIP and VIDEO) Class- Based Shaper
GE Interface with a sub-line-rate
access service (e.g. 50 Mbps)
Queuing policies will not engage unless the interface is congested A shaper will guarantee that traffic will not exceed the contracted rate A nested queuing policy will force queuing to engage at the contracted
sub-line-rate to prioritize packets prior to shaping
WAN/VPN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Hierarchical QoS (Queuing & Shaping) Operation
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 76
MPLS VPN QoS Design Sub-Line-Rate Access Hierarchical QoS Policy – Part 1 of 2
Queuing policies– by default –do not engage at sub-line rates
Additionally, to ensure that transmission rates do not exceed the contracted rate, a shaper must be used
IOS allows for Hierarchical QoS (HQoS) policies One QoS policy may be ‘nested’ within another Thus a queuing policy may be nested within a shaping policy In which case packets are prioritized within a sub-line (shaped) rate
As with policers, Cisco IOS shapers operate on a token-bucket principle using the formula:
Burst (Bc) = Shaped Rate * Shaping Time Interval (Tc)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 77
Cisco TelePresence MPLS VPN Design Sub-Line-Rate Access Hierarchical QoS Policy – Part 2 of 2
CE Egress Shaping burst must be no more than half of the PE Ingress Policing Burst!
Example: An SP’s ingress policer is configured with a 50 KB burst parameter Therefore the CE egress shaper can be calculated as:
SP’s PE ingress burst is 50 KB 400,000 bps (50KB * 8 = 400 kbps) The optimal value for CE egress shaping burst is: Policing Burst (in bps) / 2 Bc = 400,000 / 2 Bc = 200,000 bps (200 kbps)
The resulting configuration:
policy-map HQoS-50MBPS class class-default shape average 50000000 200000 ! Average shaping (not peak) service-policy ACCESS-EDGE ! Nested queuing policy
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 78
MPLS VPN QoS Design Sub-Line-Rate Access (Ethernet) Design Example
policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS class REALTIME priority percent 33 class CONTROL bandwidth percent 7 class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue class class-default bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue …
policy-map HQoS-50MBPS class class-default shape average 50000000 200000 ! CE shaper burst is set to SP’s policer burst / 2 service-policy WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS ! Nested queuing policy to pre-order packets prior to shaping …
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 service-policy output HQoS-50MBPS ! HQoS (shaping with nested queuing) policy is attached to the GE interface
Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 80
References Cisco Visual Networking Index
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns827/networking_solutions_sub_solution.html
Enterprise Medianet Quality of Service Design 4.0 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSIntro_40.html
Medianet Campus QoS Design 4.0 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSCampus_40.html
Medianet WAN QoS Design 4.0 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html
Cisco IOS QoS Configuration Guides http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/qos/configuration/guide/15_0/qos_15_0_book.html
Cisco Hierarchical QoS Framework Configuration Guide http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/qos/configuration/guide/qos_frhqf_support_ps10591_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html
Cisco 6500/7600 SIP/SPA QoS http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps368/module_installation_and_configuration_guides_chapter09186a0080440138.html#wp1162382
Cisco ASR 1000 QoS Architecture http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps9343/solution_overview_c22-449961_ps9343_Product_Solution_Overview.html
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 81
Additional Related Sessions
BRKRST-2500 Campus QoS Design
COCEVT-1229 Cisco on Cisco: Cisco IT Infrastructure Support for Video
COCEVT-1300 Cisco on Cisco: Pervasive Video Strategy
TECRST-1501 Enterprise QoS Case Study
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 82
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