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Transcript of Walk to School Day, Scituate, MA Fighting the Epidemic No One is Talking About! A.A.A.S....
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Walk to School Day, Scituate, MA
Fighting the Epidemic No
One is Talking About!
A.A.A.S. Understanding Obesity and Childhood Nutrition Town Meeting
Boston, MAFeb. 2008
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My comments:
• Restating the problem and brief rant about the “epidemic.”
• Answering, “How much is enough?”
• Overcoming the stickiness problem.
• Creating stickier schools.
• Hear from you!
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US “Obesity Epidemic”Ogden et. al. (JAMA 288, 14; Oct. 2002)
10
15
20
25
30
35
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
% O
bese
(BM
I>30
)America’s looming chronic
disease apocalypse . . .
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“Supersize Me?”
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Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP; New.Eng.J.Med., Feb. 7, 2002)
Compared three treatments for nationwide cohort (3,000+) at risk for developing diabetes (elevated fasting glucose).
1. Control: Standard exercise and nutrition counseling; placebo.
2. Standard plus drug treatment: Metformin
3. Intensive lifestyle change: Nutritional training, 150 min./week physical activity.
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Diabetes Risk Reduction(Diabetes Prevention Program; NEJM, Feb. 7, 2002)
0.31
0.58
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Metformin Lifestyle
Relative to Control Group (standard intervention)
% R
ed
uc
tio
n o
f R
isk Risk Reduction
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A thought:Change the conversation. It’s not just an obesity epidemic. It’s an epidemic of physical inactivity and poor nutrition.
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My somewhat unique
perspective . . .
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How much physical activity is recommended by the US Surgeon General
for adults to reduce risk for chronic disease and an early death?
1. 20 min. at least 3 days a week2. 20 min. every day3. 30 min. at least 5 days a week4. 45 min. at least 4 days a week5. 60 min. at least 3 days a week6. 60 min. most days of the week
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The Activity Diamond
Health:30 min. a day.
Fitness:20+ min.
hard, 3+ days.
Weight loss:60+ min., 5+ days.
ACSM fitness recommendation,
1978-2000.
USDA Dietary Guidelines,
2005.
Surgeon General’s Report on Physical
Activity & Health, 1996.
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Physical activity recommendation for adolescents:(Pediatric Exercise Science 6(4), 1994)
• Physically active every day as part of lifestyle (at least 60 minutes, variety, moderate intensity).
• Some vigorous activity; at least 20 minutes, three days/week.
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For a pedometer-wearing adult, how many steps per day are recommended
for long term health?
1. 5,0002. 10,0003. 12,0004. 15,0005. 20,0006. 24,000
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20% Boost Pedometer ApproachFrom Pedometer Walking by Fenton & Bassett (2006)
< Like this, level and in line with the knee.
Not like these. >
Wear your pedometer all day, every day:
www.pedometers.com
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S M T W Th F Sa
20% Boost Pedometer ApproachFrom Pedometer Walking by Fenton & Bassett (2006)
Key to Success: Keep a record!
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S M T W Th F Sa
3,254 3,759 3,588 4,506 2,127 3,901 8,316
20% Boost Pedometer ApproachFrom Pedometer Walking by Fenton & Bassett (2006)
Total = 29,451 Daily average = Total / 7 = 4,207
Daily average x 1.2 = 5,048
5,048 = Next week’s daily goal!
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How many steps?
Health:~10,000 steps/day.
Fitness:3,000 steps
fast.
Weight loss:~12-15,000 steps/day.
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Have you experienced any of the following examples of the stickiness
problem in your life? (pick for yourself or someone close to you)
1. Joined a health club, but don’t go often.2. Bought a treadmill or bike, but don’t use it much.3. Joined walking program, but stopped walking
when program ended.4. Signed up for walk/run event; didn’t keep at it.5. Lost 10 pounds, but gained it back.6. Got a Wii; now family spends more time inside.
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Exercise Participation StudyEffect of Short Bouts, Home Treadmills
(Jakicic et.al., JAMA 282, 16)
60
120
180
240
0 6 12 18
months
Exe
rcis
e (m
in/w
eek)
LB
SB
SBT
?
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First 6 months: Prizes, reminders, support.Months 6-18: Subjects left to their own devices.
60
120
180
240
0 6 12 18
months
Exe
rcis
e (m
in/w
eek)
LB
SB
SBT
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Self-help vs. CommercialWeight Loss Programs
(Heshka et.al., JAMA 289, 14; April 9, 2003)
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
0 6 12 18 24months
Wei
gh
t C
ha
ng
e, k
g
Self-help
Commercial
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Did these people “exercise?”
It’s about dramatic decreases in routine, daily physical activity!
Lowell Nat’l Hist. Park, Lowell, MA
Plimouth Plantation
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So, what makes stickier places? Answer “yes” to four questions:
• Destinations within walk & bike distance?
• Sidewalks, trails, bike lanes, crossings?
• Inviting settings for routine activity?
• Is it safe?
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Stickier for kids:Safe Routes to School.• Engineer safer facilities;
sidewalks, paths, crossings.• Educate for safe bike,
pedestrian, & driver skills.• Enforce safe speeds, better
behavior, pick-up/drop-off.• Encourage. Walking school
busses, bike trains. Walks at school: before, after, & recess.
• Evaluate and improve.
www.saferoutes.org
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Speed table, Berkshire St., Cambridge
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Which of the following would you most favor implementing in your school or community?
1. Rewards for walk, bike, transit to work2. Walking school buses3. Improved sidewalks, pathways, bike racks4. Warm-weather clothing donations for kids5. No withholding recess as a punishment6. Build physical activity into curricula7. Physically active field trips8. More regular PE classes9. Reverse lunch and recess10. Extending the school day
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Massachusetts pilot program: Extended Learning Time schools.
• 19 E.L.T. schools in 2007, lengthening day by about 90 minutes.
• Increased contact time; project based, hands on learning.
• More time for exploration: languages, electives, art, music, drama.
• More planning, collaboration, advising.• Schedule flexibility for PE, recess,
physical activity in the curriculum.
www.mass2020.org/elt
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Are you in favor of increasing the program of extending the school day
by 60 to 90 minutes (now a pilot program) to more schools in
Massachusetts?
1. Yes2. No
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Stickier Communities
Sticks: Costly parking &
roadway fees, congestion
charges.
Transportation carrots: Underwrite transit, improved, sidewalks, crossing, & bike
lanes, worksite incentives (e.g., health insurance discounts).
www.completestreets.org
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Which of the following cutting edge policies would you most favor for the city of Boston to enhance
physical activity in the population at large?
1. Improved open space, parks, & playing fields2. Performance based health insurance3. Reduced or free transit for active commuters4. Increased parking costs5. Privatize major roadways (e.g. tolls)6. Peak hour congestion charges7. Adopt a complete streets policy8. More pathways, bicycle parking, safety education9. Reduced price health clubs
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• School board• Planning & Zoning• Parks, Recreation• Historical Society• Public Health & Safety• Chamber of Commerce • Economic Development• Neighborhood Associations• Conservation Commission
Get out of the comfort zone, attend other meetings, learn, & speak up!
Bridgewater T station
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Build activity intoyour life (esp. walk & bike).
Invite others; getpeople to simply move.
The simple prescription?
Make yourcommunity
activity-friendly.
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Why it really matters . . .