Walk Through Kaifeng Old Town 漫步開封老城區

編輯配樂：老編西歪changcy0326

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The old town of Kaifeng 開封老城區With the influence of a long history over 2,700 years, various cultural relics and historic sites are remained in the city. Therefore, the city became an importance tourist destination in China. It is also the famous 'Northern Water Town' in China. You can appreciate many historical and cultural landscapes there, including Iron Pagoda, Dragon Pavilion, Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden (Millennium City Park), Imperial Street of Song Dynasty, Memorial Temple of Lord Bao, Kaifeng Yamun, Xiangguo Temple as well as Kaifeng Museum.隨著超過 2700 年的悠久歷史的影響，各種文物和歷史遺跡留在城裡。因此，是中國一個重要的旅遊城市。這也是著名的「中國北方水鄉」。你可以欣賞很多歷史和文化景觀，包括鐵塔，龍亭，清明上河園，宋代御街，包公祠，開封府，相國寺以及開封博物館。

開封古城區示意地圖

Daliang City Gate 大梁門

This Daliang City Gate reconstruction in 1998, is currently the only reconstruction of Kaifeng city gate, has become an important symbol of the ancient capital.大梁門俗稱西門。其城門樓屢經戰亂和風雨水患，殘敗破落，終遭拆除。今大梁門於 1998 年重建，是開封目前唯一重建的一座城門，成為古都的重要象徵。

開封 「城摞城」Kaifeng City stacked CitiesThere are several ancient Kaifeng Cities buried deep below ground, 3-12 m under the surface, from upper to lower stacked total of six cities.

考古工作進行了二十多年的勘探研究，古都開封歷次黃河水患，使開封數座古城池深深淤埋於地面之下，地下 3 米至 12 米處，上下疊壓著 6 座城池，其中包括 3 座國都、 2 座省城及 1 座中原重鎮，構成了「城摞城」的奇特景觀。所謂的城摞城：在如今地面下 10 余米深有魏國國都大樑城，距地面 10 米左右為唐汴州城，約 8 米處北宋東京城，約 6 米深金汴京城，而 5~6 米深明開封城和 3 米深左右的清開封城，開封城是一部王朝更替史。6 座開封城像塔樣層層疊壓，特別是從唐代到現在的 2000 多年間，這座城市的中軸線沒有變化，這是頑強向上的典型代表，也是世界文明史上的一個奇跡。

Iron PagodaKaifeng 開封鐵塔

Iron Pagoda Park 鐵塔公園

Iron Pagoda Introduction 鐵塔簡介 Iron Pagoda Located in the Iron Pagoda Park, northeastern corner of Kaifeng City. It's also known as "Kaibao Temple Pagoda. The surface of the pagoda was covered with iron-colored glazed tiles, which made it look like an Iron Pagoda, hence its present name. The octagonal-shaped pagoda has 13 floors with a height of 55.88 meters, the width of each side at the base is 4.16 meters, and it is decreasing from the base to the top levels. Although it was constructed of glazed bricks of different shapes and sizes, it looks very much like a huge wooden pillar, with carved patterns of Buddhas, flowers, human figures and legendary animals, all representing the highly developed workmanship of the Song Dynasty. The Iron Pagoda is well known at home and abroad with its unique art of architecture, the design is fine and excellent, strong in structure, it withstands numerous attacks of earthquake, the great flood of 1642, which buried the base under several meters of silt, storms, and man-made damages since its construction and now it still firmly stands there magnificently.

鐵塔位於開封東北角鐵塔公園內，它也被稱為「開寶寺塔」。寶塔的表面覆蓋著鐵色琉璃瓦，遠望似鐵鑄，因此稱「鐵塔」。 八角形塔有 13 層，高度 55.88 米，每一側的基部的寬度為 4.16 米，從基座到塔頂逐層縮小。雖然它使用不同形狀和大小的琉璃磚建造，但看起來很像一座巨大的木塔，雕刻著佛像圖案，花卉，人物和傳說中的動物，這都顯示了高度發達的宋代製造工藝。 鐵塔獨特的建築藝術是國內外眾所周知，設計優良，結構堅固，經過多次地震襲擊， 1642 年大洪水基地埋在數米厚的淤泥下，建築遭到風暴和人為的破壞，現今它仍然輝煌牢牢地站在那裡。

The Iron Pagoda is a thirteen-storey pagoda, named for its iron-brown appearance.鐵塔是一個 13 層高的寶塔，因為鐵褐色琉璃磚外觀而命名為鐵塔。

Thousands of Buddha figures carved all over the glazed bricks.琉璃磚面上雕刻着上千尊的佛像 .

The glazed-bricks on the surface layer are exquisitely engraved. More than 50 distinct patterns are used, such as figures of Buddha and Bodhisattva, different flowers, and lions and kylins, to name just a few. Each pattern is of a high artistic standard show excellent craftsmanship. 琉璃磚上有精美的雕刻，有佛陀、菩薩、不同的花卉、獅子、麒麟、飛天、樂伎等圖案 50餘種，造型優美，神態生動，每種圖案都有高超的藝術標準，表現出卓越的製作工藝。

Dragon Pavilion Park龍亭公園

Dragon Pavilion 龍亭Dragon Pavilion is a typical representative of the cultural and historical heritages of Kaifeng. It is the main part of the constructions in Dragon Pavilion Park. It is not only a pavilion but a huge imperial palace complex built during the Song Dynasty (960-1279).

In fact, the pavilion is a grand hall built on a 13-meter (43 feet) marble terrace with 72 steps. This hall, a wooden structure built facing south, holds many rare cultural relics, and dragons playing with pearls are carved on the ceilings and walls.

The pavilion is also a favorable place to overlook all the sceneries of Kaifeng City. In a word, travelers can have a visual feast here.

龍亭是開封文化和歷史遺產的典型代表，是龍亭公園的主要部分。建於宋代（公元960-1279 年），它不僅是一個亭子，而是一個龐大的帝國宮殿建築群。其實這不是亭子，而是一座雄偉的殿堂建築在 13 米高的大理石台上，共有 72 級台階。這個木結構殿堂坐北朝南，重簷歇山式建築，很壯觀。擁有許多珍貴文物，天花板和牆壁上雕刻著祥龍戲珠。龍亭是眺望開封古城景色很棒的地方。總之，遊客可以在這裡享受一場視覺盛宴。

Dragons playing with pearls are carved in the center of 72 marble steps.在 72 級大理石台階中央，雕刻著祥龍戲珠

The Dragon Pavilion Hall 龍亭大殿The main hall, built on a thirteen-meter-high marble terrace, is the highlight of the complex. It is somewhat like Beijing's Forbidden City but on a smaller scale. 正殿建在 13 米高的大理石台上，是整個綜合體的亮點。有點像北京的故宮，但規模較小。

Imperial Street is an imitation of the Song Dynasty capital street, built on the top of originally Song Imperial Street.宋都御街位於開封市中山路北段，是為再現宋代御街風貌，於 1988 年建成的一條模仿宋朝首都街道，建立在原來宋朝御街的上面。 北宋時期，是供皇帝御駕出入，顯示尊嚴氣派的主要街道。 新建的御街南起新街口，北至五朝門，全長 400 多米。兩側角樓對稱而立，樓閣殿鋪鱗次櫛比，其匾額、楹聯、幌子、字型大小均取自宋史記載，古色古香。 50餘家店鋪各具特色，經營開封特產、傳統商品、古玩字畫，售貨員身著仿宋古裝。漫步御街，仿佛一步跨越了上千年的歷史長河，令人充滿對昔日宋都繁華景象的無限遐想。

Imperial Street of Song Dynasty宋都御街

新建的御街是在原來古御街遺址上修建。 The new Imperial Street is built on the site of the former ancient Imperial Street.

FanlouFanlou w

as the best of seventy-two restaurant in

Northern S

ong Dynasty C

apital Tokyo, romantic

emperor H

uizong and courtesan Li Shishi often m

et here.樊

(硯)樓

硯樓是古時的名字，現在叫樊樓，宋都御街1號。

樊樓位於宋都御街北端，又名礬樓，是 1988 年重建的一組庭院式樓閣，也是開封目前最大的仿宋娛樂中心。 相傳樊樓為北宋東京七十二家酒樓之首，風流皇帝宋徽宗與京都名妓李師師常在此相會，小說《水滸傳》對此樓也多有描寫。樊樓由東、西、南、北、中五座樓宇組成。灰瓦青磚，雕樑畫棟，陳設富麗堂皇，古樸典雅。

Fanlou 樊樓

清明上河園Millennium City Park

(Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden)

Millennium City Park (also called Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden) located in the old city of Kaifeng (the former Bianjing) in Henan Province.

The built area consists of several architectural complexes which are re-creations based on the famous 12 century painting by Zhang Zeduan of 'The Qingming Festival by the Riverside'. This picture is a painted scroll depicting life along Bian River during the Qingming Festival.

A majestic pavilion of 31.99 meters (about 105 feet) will draw our attention. It is so tall and seems to be able to touch the clouds. This is how it got the name of Fuyun (whisking the cloud) Pavilion. It was also the place where important royal documents and traditional Chinese painting and books are stored during the Song Dynasty.

Rainbow Bridge is a well-known feature in the Park. It is a replica of one of the ten ancient timber bridges. The bridge is 5 meters (about 16 feet) high. 清明上河園是一處位於河南省開封市龍亭湖西岸的宋代文化主題公園。它是以畫家張擇端的寫實畫作《清明上河圖》為藍本，按照《營造法式》為建設標準，以宋朝市井文化、民俗風情、皇家園林和古代娛樂為題材，以遊客參與體驗為特點的文化主題公園。雙亭橋將景區分為南苑和北苑。整個景區仿照《清明上河圖》，設有驛站、民俗風情、特色食街、宋文化展示、花鳥魚蟲、繁華京城、休閒購物和綜合服務等八個功能區，並設有校場、虹橋、民俗、宋都等四個文化區。

Introduction to Millennium City Park 清明上河園 簡介

Zhang Zeduan, The painter of ‘The Qingming Festival by the Riverside’ 張擇端，北宋末年傑出畫家，《清明上河圖》是進獻給宋徽宗的貢品，流傳至今已有 800 多年的歷史。

在清明上河圖中的虹橋Rainbow

Bridge In the painting of "The Q

ingming Festival by the Riverside"

Rainbow Bridge 虹橋

Rainbow

Bridge : 5m

high, 10m w

ide and 25m span.

虹橋：高 5 米，寬 10 米，跨徑 25 米。 虹橋是中國古代橋樑史上的一項重要的創造，被列為中國十大名橋之一，也是清明上河園中的一處主要景觀。它橫跨「汴河」，其勢如虹，上可走馬過人，下可載貨行舟。 虹橋是飛架在汴河之上。據史書記載，汴河始於戰國的魏，通於隋，暢於宋，上起河洛，下至淮泗，直通長江，為北宋南北貫通的大動脈。各地所產的糧食，所收的賦稅，各種奇珍異果都是沿著這條河運到京城來的。汴河對於當時的北宋可謂至關重要。由於舟船往來，客商眾多，於是在河的兩邊就出現了許多店鋪，在當時的東京城，汴河兩岸是最繁華熱鬧的地方，虹橋左右讓鋪林立，舟船如梭，商賈雲集。

古代小酒館 Ancient tavern這是「十千腳店」，「腳店」是檔次較低的小酒館。在宋代，自釀自賣的酒店叫「正店」；只賣不釀的酒館叫「腳店」。至於「十千」出自於《詩經》中的「十千維耦」，原指數量很多。從前詠詩時用作美酒的代名詞。

Sculpture : The young painter Zhang Zeduan虹橋尋勝 ( 雕塑 ) ：手拿折扇、風度翩翩的公子，就是年青時的畫家張擇端。而旁邊的那位姑娘是他的戀人周秀姑。正是沿河市民的生活百態，激發出他創作《清明上河圖》的靈感。

City Gate 上善門

上善門 City G

ate 北宋時的開封城，城門很多，上善門是其中之一，它宏偉高大，莊重威嚴，是《清明上河圖》中濃墨重彩描繪的標誌性建築。它既是出入開封的重要通道，又是城市和鄉村的分界線。 現在復原的城門高 21.6 米，面積 1553 平方米，門洞高達 8 米。城樓上，金碧輝煌的彩繪更顯示出它的輝煌與壯觀，人們稱讚它「勾梁畫棟，氣宇不凡」。在等級森嚴的封建社會，連建築也要分三六九等。從上善門的宏偉氣勢，就可以看出它的重要地位。

通緝犯 Wanted

Ancient Archway 九州煙雨牌坊

臨水大殿 (Waterfront Palace)

Boat games in the lake of China imperial garden during the Northern Song, an early 12th-century painting depicting Kaifeng, by Zhang Zeduan.皇家林園湖中的舟戲，張擇端 12 世紀早期描繪開封的繪畫。

臨水大殿和皇家林園大湖Waterfront Palace and the lake of imperial garden臨水大殿由宣和殿、宣德殿連結而成。宋代是男賓、女眷的兩個大包廂，是一個功能考究的皇家歌劇院。從這裡俯瞰全園，觀賞水上演出的各種遊藝節目。

Fuyun Pavilion is the tallest building in the park拂雲閣是園內最高的建築物

拂雲閣是園內最高的建築，為明四暗三結構，三層紅樓迤邐而上，四簷金瓦熠熠生光，聳立於連天碧波之間，一見之下頓起登臨之意。清明上河園這座閣，取名「拂雲」，有兩層含義：一是觸摸，表示閣高入雲端，輕拂白雲；二是清潔，吹拂去歷史的煙雲，還寶圖一個真跡。

拂雲閣 Fuyun Pavilion

九龍石拱橋 Nine Dragons Stone Arch Bridge九龍橋為清明上河園主要建築主景之一，是清明上河園最高最長的橋，因跨度太大所以採用聯拱結構修建。橋旁的大銀杏已近千年，是宋代遺物。

雙亭橋 Dual Pavilion Bridge取北宋畫家王希孟《千里江山圖》亭橋之意，仿南宋墨客夏圭《溪山清遠圖》橋亭之形。中流設吊橋一座，供大小船隻通行上下，左右蓋瓦亭兩間，為南北客人遮陽避雨，故曰「雙亭橋」。

Kaifeng Government Hall開封府

The Brief Introduction of Kaifeng Government Hall 開封府簡介The location of Kaifeng Government Hall (Kaifeng Prefecture) is in the northern band of the east lake of Bao’s Lake in Kaifeng.開封府的地點是在開封包公湖的東湖北側。Having a long history, Kaifeng Fu (Kaifeng Prefecture) is well-known both home and abroad. It was the capital and the most important prefecture of the whole country in Northern Song Dynasty. The large-scale buildings are magnificent, dignified and elegant. Historic celebrities Bao Zheng was the prefect, he enforced the law strictly and was impartial and incorruptible. 開封府具有悠久的歷史而聞名中外。這是北宋首都和全國最重要的市城。大型的建築物氣勢磅礴，端莊而典雅。歷史名人包拯，執法如山，鐵面無私，到現在口碑依然良好。The rebuilt Kaifeng Prefecture today covers an area of over 60 mu (about 4 hectares, with the floor area of 13.6 thousand square meters “1.36 hectares”). Kaifeng Prefecture looks solemn, and spectacular and in great harmony with the Bao’s Temple by the west lake of Bao’s Lake. This is called “East Prefecture and West Temples”. The green and rippling lake adds more beauty to the buildings.今日重建的開封府，佔地面積 60 畝 ( 約 4 公頃，包含 13,600 平方米《 1.36 公頃》的建築面積 ) 。開封府看起來很莊嚴和壯觀，與包公湖西湖旁的包公祠搭配相當和諧，這被稱為「東府西祠」。在碧波蕩漾的湖畔點綴著許多美麗的建築物。

“Gate of Rite” is a reception hall or the guest temporary resting place.從府門到大堂的百米甬道中間有道門，叫儀門，這是一間廡殿頂式的建築，是用做迎送客人或暫做休息的地方。

儀門旁的大鼓，用來鳴鼓伸冤。The drum people beat at court to lodge a complaint against some injustice

北宋開封府印Kaifeng official stamp of Northern Song Dynasty

Huge "Stone of Admonition" in the square of the Main Hall, is to encouraged officials to serve the people.大堂前面的廣場巨大的「戒石」，有太宗皇帝的戒石銘。它的南面刻「公生明」三個大字；其北面刻「爾俸爾祿，民膏民脂，下民易虐，上天難欺」。

Main hall is a place where the Kaifeng Prefect issued decree,deal with government affairs and review public cases .正廳又名「廳事」，俗名「大堂」，是開封府尹發佈政令、處理政務以及府衙舉行重大活動、公開審理要案的地方。

"Dragon guillotine" designed for royal."Tiger guillotine" designed for corrupt civil and military officials."Dog guillotine" designed for trouble-making bullies.

虎頭鍘狗頭鍘

龍頭鍘Dragon guillotine

Dog guillotine

Tiger guillotine

三口鍘刀 Three guillotines

中間穿紫色衣服的是歐陽修，不是包公。

Procedure Hall 議事廳

蠟像人物形態逼真、栩栩如生、惟妙惟肖，真實的再現了包拯聽民訴訟、執法如山、為民伸冤的場景。 Wax statues of Bao Zheng interrogating in the South Yamun.

Pure Heart Tower 清心樓

清心樓 (Pure Heart Tower)

一樓廳內，立有一尊目前國內最大的鑄銅包公站像，高 3.8 米，重達 5 噸。銅像神態威嚴、栩栩如生，令人叫絕。

Bao‘s bronze statue, 3.8m

high and weighs 5 tons.

Fu Si West Prison Scenic SpotThere are prison warder's room, Temple of the God of Prison, dead cells, jail cells for males and females and so on.

府司西獄景區展示獄卒的房間，獄神廟，男性和女性的死牢等。

http://pic2.itiexue.net/pics/2010_3_22_54774_10854774.jpg

Dead cells of males 男性死牢

Daxiango Temple 大相國寺

Daxiango Temple 大相國寺Daxiango Temple is one of the ten famous temples in Chinese history and plays an important role in the development of Buddhism in China.大相國寺在中國歷史上的十大名寺之一，佛教在中國的發展起著重要的作用。The temple was rebuilt in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), and was bestowed the name Xiangguo Temple by Emperor Ruizong. The temple reached its heyday in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). It became an international Buddhism center, attracting many foreign envoys and great monks. It contributed a lot to the cultural exchanges between China and other countries.該廟重修於唐代（公元 618-907 年），睿宗皇帝賜名相國寺。該廟於宋代（公元 960-1279 年）達到鼎盛時期。它成為一個國際性的佛教中心，吸引了許多外國使節和高僧。對中國和其他國家之間的文化交流作出了很大貢獻。Coming here, you will be surprised at the magnificent architecture and the well-arranged layout of the temple. The existing structures were mainly built in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The buildings include Mountain Gate, Paifang, Heavenly Kings Hall, Daxiongbaodian Hall (Hall of Sakyamuni), Arhat Hall and Sutra Hall. They are set on the north-south central axis with some other annexes built symmetrically on both sides.寺廟建築宏偉，精心佈局。現存廟宇建於清朝（ 1644-1911）。該建築包括山門，牌坊，天王殿，大雄寶殿 (釋迦牟尼殿 ) ，羅漢堂，藏經樓。它們被設置在南北中軸線上，兩側其他一些建築亦是對稱的。

Drum Tower 鼓樓

Heavenly Kings Hall 天王殿

五百羅漢殿 (500 Arhat Hall)

八角琉璃殿

Ginkgo w

ood carved Goddess of M

ercy with

Thousand Hands and eyes.

八角琉璃殿 銀杏木雕千手千眼觀音菩薩像，共有 1049 隻手

(大手 24 隻、小手 1025 隻) 和

1033 隻眼睛，這尊雕像高達 7 米，像分四面每面分四層。

Canon H

ouse 藏經樓C

anon House has tw

o layers, upper layer save the sutras and the low

er layer enshrined white jade

Buddha S

akyamuni.

藏經樓有兩層，上層保存佛經，下層供奉白玉釋迦牟尼佛。

White jade Buddha Sakyamuni釋迦牟尼白玉佛是海外華僑所贈，雕刻精美。

大相國寺鐘樓B

ell Tower

The bell hanging here weighs five tons and is 2.23

meters (7.3 feet) tall. Its grazioso sound echoes all

over the city, especially in winter. X

iangguo Shuang

Zhong (the beautiful sound of the bell on a frosty day) is one of the E

ight Scenes of B

ianjing (nowadays

Kaifeng).掛在這裡的鐘重達 5 噸，高為 2.2 3 米（

7.3 英尺）。其格拉齊奧索聲音相呼應遍布全市，尤其是在冬天。相國霜鐘（美麗的鈴鐺聲上冷若冰霜的一天）是汴京（今開封）的八景之一。

Yanqing Taoist Temple延慶觀

與北京的白雲觀，四川的常道觀並稱為我國的三大名觀。是一座集蒙古包與閣樓巧妙結合，具有元代風格的建築。現為國家重點文物保護單位。

河南省明清時期建築藝術的代表作。是山陝兩省的富商為擴大經營，保護自身利益籌結同鄉會，後又加入甘肅籍商人，遂名「山陝甘會館」。

Guild Hall of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu開封山陜甘會館

鼓樓夜市

Gulou Night Market

Gulou Night Market 鼓樓夜市

Street View 街景

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