Wachapreague, VA Field Trip Guide
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Transcript of Wachapreague, VA Field Trip Guide
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Wachapreague, VA Wachapreague, VA Field Trip GuideField Trip Guide
By:By:
Jessica DeLosaJessica DeLosa
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Getting Started…Getting Started…
• When: September 13-15 (all data collected When: September 13-15 (all data collected on 9/14)on 9/14)
• Where: Wachapreague, VAWhere: Wachapreague, VA• What: Our class collected data for various What: Our class collected data for various
aspects of the marine environment from aspects of the marine environment from several sites, such asseveral sites, such as– Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, etcTemperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, etc– Types of marine lifeTypes of marine life– Water depthWater depth
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Where is Wachapreague?
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Methods of Data Methods of Data Collection…Collection…• We went out on two boats early in the We went out on two boats early in the
morning (at high tide)morning (at high tide)• We went to several sites, and at each site We went to several sites, and at each site
used several instruments to collect dataused several instruments to collect data• YSI Probe- measured temperature of the YSI Probe- measured temperature of the
water, salinity of the water, and dissolved water, salinity of the water, and dissolved oxygenoxygen
• Secchi Disk- measured the turbidity of the Secchi Disk- measured the turbidity of the water and how deep the photic zone waswater and how deep the photic zone was
• Trawl, Dredge, and Plankton Net- to collect Trawl, Dredge, and Plankton Net- to collect various organisms from the watervarious organisms from the water
• Two poles and 10 m of string to profile Two poles and 10 m of string to profile Cedar Island.Cedar Island.
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Methods of Data CollectionMethods of Data Collection
YSI Probe
Dredge
Secchi Disk
Trawl
Sediment Collector
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Methods of Data CollectionMethods of Data CollectionClick the box
This video shows the various methods that we used to collect data throughout the day.
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Site 1- Inlet (General Site 1- Inlet (General Information)Information)
• Time- 9:35 amTime- 9:35 am• GPS Location- N 37GPS Location- N 37˚ 34.848˚ 34.848””
W 75W 75˚ ˚ 37.8137.81””• Geographic Description/Location- Inlet Geographic Description/Location- Inlet
between Paramore Island and Cedar between Paramore Island and Cedar IslandIsland
• Moon Phase- Waxing Crescent 11% of Moon Phase- Waxing Crescent 11% of Full Full
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Site 1- Inlet (Physical and Site 1- Inlet (Physical and Chemical Water Data)Chemical Water Data)
• Total Water Depth- 80 ftTotal Water Depth- 80 ft
• Photic Zone Depth- 1 m 3.5 cmPhotic Zone Depth- 1 m 3.5 cm
• Tidal Stage- High Tide, going inlandTidal Stage- High Tide, going inland
• Drift- 1.3 miles in 25 minutesDrift- 1.3 miles in 25 minutes
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Site 1- Inlet (Physical and Site 1- Inlet (Physical and Chemical Water Data)Chemical Water Data)
Depth Temperature Salinity DO pH
0.0 m (surface)
25.2ºC 31.1 ppt 5.8 mg/l 8.5
2m 25.2 ºC 31.6 ppt 5.71 mg/l 8.2
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Site 1- Inlet (Biological Data)Site 1- Inlet (Biological Data)
Plankton (drifters)Method of collection: Plankton Net
Neckton (swimmers)Method of collection: Trawl
Benthos (bottom-dwellers)Method of collection: Dredge
Clear, very tiny oval shape, can see a spine like structure inside, one red dot at the end
SnailsDead FishJelly Fish (no tentacles)
Conk Shell (Boosicomb)ClamsOyster shellsGobee (naked)Hermit Crab (Flat Clawed)KnobwelkGardiella (red)Olva (green)
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Site 2- Clubhouse Point Site 2- Clubhouse Point (General Information)(General Information)
• Time- 2:26 pmTime- 2:26 pm
• GPS Location- N 37º 35.35” W75º GPS Location- N 37º 35.35” W75º 37.80”37.80”
• Moon Phase- Waxing Crescent 11% Moon Phase- Waxing Crescent 11% of Full of Full
• Other- Tide is starting to fallOther- Tide is starting to fall
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Site 2- Clubhouse Point Site 2- Clubhouse Point (Meteorological Data)(Meteorological Data)
• Wind Speed- wind speed has picked Wind Speed- wind speed has picked up from first siteup from first site
• Cloud Coverage- very cloudyCloud Coverage- very cloudy
• General Weather Conditions- General Weather Conditions- overcastovercast
• Relative Humidity- noneRelative Humidity- none
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Site 2- Clubhouse Point Site 2- Clubhouse Point (Physical and Chemical Water (Physical and Chemical Water
Data)Data)• Total Water Depth- 12 ftTotal Water Depth- 12 ft
• Photic Zone- 1 meterPhotic Zone- 1 meter
• Current Speed- 1 knotCurrent Speed- 1 knot
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Site 2- Clubhouse Point Site 2- Clubhouse Point (Physical and Chemical Water (Physical and Chemical Water
Data)Data)Depth Temperature Salinity DO pH
0.0 m (surface)
25.8ºC 32.6 ppt 6.69 mg/l 8.4
2 m 25.2º C 32.5 ppt 5.75 mg/l 8.3
3 m 25.9º C 32.5 ppt 5.77 mg/l ?
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Site 2- Clubhouse Point Site 2- Clubhouse Point (Geological Data)(Geological Data)
• How was sediment collected? Ponar How was sediment collected? Ponar GrabGrab
• Color- gray, black, brownColor- gray, black, brown
• General Description of Texture- General Description of Texture- shelly bottomshelly bottom
• Compaction- hard shellsCompaction- hard shells
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Site 2- Clubhouse Point Site 2- Clubhouse Point (Biological Data)(Biological Data)
Plankton (drifters)Method of collection: Plankton Net
Neckton (swimmers)Method of collection: Trawl
Benthos (bottom-dwellers)Method of collection: Dredge
Wide body, antennas, Wide body, antennas, transparent dark bodytransparent dark body
Body- nauplius? CalanoidBody- nauplius? Calanoid
One rod-likeOne rod-like
Sea porkComb jellySea weedBay anchovies
Conidium (dead man’s fingers)CrabOlva GrassilariaSea urchinsmollusks
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Site 3- Hummocks Channel Site 3- Hummocks Channel (General Information)(General Information)
• Time- 3:15 pmTime- 3:15 pm
• GPS Location- N 37 º 36.472” GPS Location- N 37 º 36.472”
W 75 º 38.671” W 75 º 38.671”
• Moon Phase- Waxing Crescent 11% Moon Phase- Waxing Crescent 11% full full
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Site 3- Hummocks Channel Site 3- Hummocks Channel (Meteorological Data)(Meteorological Data)
• Wind Speed- very windyWind Speed- very windy
• General Weather Conditions- General Weather Conditions- overcastovercast
• Relative Humidity- noneRelative Humidity- none
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Site 3- Hummocks Channel Site 3- Hummocks Channel (Physical and Chemical Water (Physical and Chemical Water
Data)Data)• Total Water Depth- 15 ftTotal Water Depth- 15 ft
• Photic Zone- 1.5 metersPhotic Zone- 1.5 meters
• Current Speed- 1 knottCurrent Speed- 1 knott
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Site 3- Hummocks Channel Site 3- Hummocks Channel (Physical and Chemical Water (Physical and Chemical Water
Data)Data)Depth Temperature Salinit
yDO pH
0.0 m (surface)
25.6 ºC 32.9 ppt 92.0 mg/l 8.2
2 m 25.5 ºC 32.9 ppt 92.2 mg/l 7.9
3 m 25.6 ºC 32.9 ppt 91.8 mg/l ??
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Site 3- Hummocks Channel Site 3- Hummocks Channel (Geological Data)(Geological Data)
• How was sediment collected? Ponar How was sediment collected? Ponar GrabGrab
• Color- green, gray, blackColor- green, gray, black
• General Description of Texture- more General Description of Texture- more mud than shellsmud than shells
• Compaction- muddy, soupyCompaction- muddy, soupy
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Site 3- Hummocks Channel Site 3- Hummocks Channel (Biological Data)(Biological Data)
Plankton (drifters)Method of collection: Plankton Net
Neckton (swimmers)Method of collection: Trawl
Benthos (bottom-dwellers)Method of collection: Dredge
Earthworm like figureEarthworm like figure
Looks like a centipedeLooks like a centipede
2 black “eyes”2 black “eyes”
Fins by its head, fin on topFins by its head, fin on top
Sectional bodySectional body
Red dotRed dot
Black lines perpendicular Black lines perpendicular to where spine would beto where spine would be
FishComb JellySea Lettuce
Sea PorkBaby Crab
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Site 4- Nicawampus Creek Site 4- Nicawampus Creek (General Information)(General Information)
• Time- 3:44 pmTime- 3:44 pm
• GPS Location- N 37º 37.648”GPS Location- N 37º 37.648”
W 75º 40.813” W 75º 40.813”
• Geographic Description/Location- Geographic Description/Location- mudflatmudflat
• Moon Phase- waxing Crescent 11% Moon Phase- waxing Crescent 11% full full
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Site 4- Nicawampus Creek Site 4- Nicawampus Creek (Meteorological Data)(Meteorological Data)
• Wind Speed- windyWind Speed- windy
• Cloud Coverage- very cloudyCloud Coverage- very cloudy
• General Weather Conditions- General Weather Conditions- overcastovercast
• Relative Humidity- noneRelative Humidity- none
• Surface Water Temperature- warmer Surface Water Temperature- warmer than at previous sitesthan at previous sites
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Site 4- Nicawampus Creek Site 4- Nicawampus Creek (Physical and Chemical Water (Physical and Chemical Water
Data)Data)• Total Water Depth- 5.2 ftTotal Water Depth- 5.2 ft
• Photic Zone Depth- 25 cmPhotic Zone Depth- 25 cm
• Current Speed- 0.4 knottsCurrent Speed- 0.4 knotts
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Site 4- Nicawampus Creek Site 4- Nicawampus Creek (Physical and Chemical Water (Physical and Chemical Water
Data)Data)Depth Temperature Salinity DO pH
0.0 m (surface)
25.7 ºC 33.4 ppt 4.75 mg/l 8.0
.5 m 25.6 ºC 33.3 ppt 4.56 mg/l 7.9
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Site 4- Nicawampus Creek Site 4- Nicawampus Creek (Geological Data)(Geological Data)
• How was sediment collected? Ponar How was sediment collected? Ponar GrabGrab
• Color- blackColor- black
• General Description of Texture- mudGeneral Description of Texture- mud
• Compaction- soft and soupyCompaction- soft and soupy
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Site 4- Nicawampus Creek Site 4- Nicawampus Creek (Biological Data)(Biological Data)
Plankton (drifters)
Method of collection: Plankton Net
Neckton (swimmers)Method of collection: Trawl
Benthos (bottom-dwellers)Method of collection: Dredge
Some swim fast, some slowSome swim fast, some slow
Clear; dots, blackClear; dots, black
Gray/dark gray on topGray/dark gray on top
White perchBlue crabSpotBrief squidBlack sea bassShrimpPompano
Clams
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Site Data SummarySite Data Summary
• At the beginning of the day, the tide was At the beginning of the day, the tide was coming in, and at the end of the day, it was coming in, and at the end of the day, it was going out. The tide coming in and going out going out. The tide coming in and going out can make a huge difference when collecting can make a huge difference when collecting marine animal samples and sediment marine animal samples and sediment samples. A flooding tide can bring marine samples. A flooding tide can bring marine life and sediments from the open ocean into life and sediments from the open ocean into an estuary, while an ebbing tide can drag an estuary, while an ebbing tide can drag these things right back into the ocean. these things right back into the ocean.
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Site Data SummarySite Data Summary
• The salinity of the water at the different sites The salinity of the water at the different sites was actually slightly higher at the end of the was actually slightly higher at the end of the day. The salinity of the estuary is actually day. The salinity of the estuary is actually higher than the salinity of the ocean because higher than the salinity of the ocean because the water is more concentrated and because the water is more concentrated and because it hadn’t rained in a while. it hadn’t rained in a while.
• The types of marine life we found from site to The types of marine life we found from site to site was very diverse. We found a large site was very diverse. We found a large amount of benthic organisms at sites 1 and 2, amount of benthic organisms at sites 1 and 2, while we found a lot of nektonic organisms at while we found a lot of nektonic organisms at site 4. site 4.
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Site Data SummarySite Data Summary
• The temperature of the water was The temperature of the water was actually pretty constant throughout actually pretty constant throughout the day from site to site. While there the day from site to site. While there was some slight changes, it was was some slight changes, it was never anything drastic. never anything drastic.
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Site Data SummarySite Data SummarySurface Water Temperature
24.5
25
25.5
26
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4
Sites
Tem
pera
ture
(deg
rees c
elc
ius)
SW Temp
Salinity
293031323334
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4
Sites
Salinity (ppt)
Salinity
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What type of data would we find What type of data would we find at a deep marine site at 36at a deep marine site at 36˚̊N and N and
6060˚̊W?W?• The salinity at this site would The salinity at this site would
probably be lower than at probably be lower than at the sites where we tested, the sites where we tested, because we were testing in because we were testing in an estuary. Being in an an estuary. Being in an estuary, the salinity is estuary, the salinity is usually higher because the usually higher because the water is more concentrated.water is more concentrated.
• We would probably find We would probably find more nektonic organisms more nektonic organisms than anything else in more than anything else in more open water. open water.
• The water temperature The water temperature would probably be about the would probably be about the same, as water temperature same, as water temperature does not change as much as does not change as much as land or air temperature.land or air temperature.
Sea Surface Temperature
Sea Surface Salinity
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Paramore Island vs. Cedar Paramore Island vs. Cedar IslandIsland
Paramore
Cedar
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Paramore IslandParamore Island• Maritime ForestMaritime Forest• Marshy sideMarshy side• Parts of the island were very dried upParts of the island were very dried up• Both muddy ground and sandBoth muddy ground and sand• There was once a lake towards the center There was once a lake towards the center
of the island- has now dried upof the island- has now dried up• Italian Ridge (ancient dune)Italian Ridge (ancient dune)• Island shaped like a drum stickIsland shaped like a drum stick• A lot of vegetation, high grass, and bugsA lot of vegetation, high grass, and bugs• Very short shoreline, not flat (eroding Very short shoreline, not flat (eroding
further back every year)further back every year)
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Cedar IslandCedar Island
• Smaller of the two barrier islandsSmaller of the two barrier islands
• Full of sand dunesFull of sand dunes
• Not much plant life (mostly dune grass and Not much plant life (mostly dune grass and sea grass, found in center of the island)sea grass, found in center of the island)
• Large number of shells on both the ocean Large number of shells on both the ocean side and inlet sideside and inlet side
• Many dead horseshoe crabsMany dead horseshoe crabs
• Very large, wide, and roundVery large, wide, and round
• Many birds (seagulls, pelicans)Many birds (seagulls, pelicans)
• Flat beachFlat beach
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Cedar Island- ProfilingCedar Island- Profiling• While on Cedar Island, we profiled the While on Cedar Island, we profiled the
island from one side to the other. island from one side to the other.
• We did this by taking to large poles with a We did this by taking to large poles with a string tying the two together.string tying the two together.
• One person had one pole, and another One person had one pole, and another person had the other pole.person had the other pole.
• You would put one pole in the sand and the You would put one pole in the sand and the other person would move with the other other person would move with the other pole until there was a change in pole until there was a change in topography. topography.
• This was repeated across the entire beach.This was repeated across the entire beach.
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Cedar Island ProfilingCedar Island ProfilingMeasurement Slope Direction Slope Measurement (cm) Distance measured (m)
1 increase 124 cm - 66 cm 3.25 m
2 increase 124 cm - 126 cm 4.75 m
3 increase 124 cm - 64 cm 5 m + 5 cm
4 decrease 124 cm - 110 cm 8.5 m
5 increase 110 cm - 124 cm 10 m
6 decrease 124 cm - 93.75 cm 4.5 m
7 increase 112 cm - 124 cm 6.667 m
8 increase 124 cm - 132 cm 7 m
9 decrease 129 cm - 124 cm 2.25 m
10 decrease 124 cm - 104 cm 2 m
11 increase 66 cm - 124 cm 2.75 m
12 decrease 124 cm - 118 cm 10 m
13 decrease 142 cm - 124 cm 10 m
14 decrease 124 cm - 116 cm 10 m
15 constant 124 cm - 124 cm 10 m
16 decrease 124 cm- 104 cm 10 m
17 decrease 142 cm - 124 cm 10 m
18 decrease 124 cm - 111 cm 10 m
19 increase 94 cm - 124 cm 7.75 m
20 decrease 124 cm - 106 cm 10 m
21 increase 92 cm - 124 cm 10 m
22 increase 124 cm - 126 cm 10 m
23 decrease 142 cm - 124 cm 10 m
24 increase 124 cm - 144 cm 10 m
25 decrease 40 cm - 124 cm 10 m
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The MudflatThe Mudflat
Click the box
At the end of the day, we visited a mud flat to dig for worms. This video shows us digging for worms and shows a close up of one of the worms that was found.
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The End!The End!