W2I Report News Summary

8/9/2019 W2I Report News Summary

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Table of Contents / Table des matiresInaction in the face of genocide....................................................................................................................1/59

Genocide tests our will...................................................................................................................................3/59

PREVENTING GENOCIDE Readiness to act...........................................................................................4/59

Genocide lurks in the dark............................................................................................................................6/59

Genocide lesson..............................................................................................................................................7/59

New era' of genocide a threat......................................................................................................................8/59

Canada must do more to end genocide: report; Human Rights; Dallaire supports bigger

Canadian effort abroad..............................................................................................................................10/59

Genocide, however distant, still a threat: report......................................................................................12/59

Canada must do more to stop genocide, report says; Human Rights; Dallaire supports bigger

Canadian effort abroad..............................................................................................................................13/59

A new era' of genocide...............................................................................................................................15/59

Genocide is still a threat: report; Intervention Canada and U.S. should be prepared to act

against such atrocities.................................................................................................................................17/59

Genocide still a threat: report; Panel finds Canada needs to recognize it should be prepared to

act against such atrocities...........................................................................................................................20/59


Genocide, however distant, still a threat says report................................................................................24/59

Pour mettre fin aux gnocides....................................................................................................................25/59

La prvention des gnocides doit devenir une priorit nationale, disent des experts...........................27/59

Dallaire plaide la cause des droits de l'homme; Le gnral la retraite suggre la cration d'un

superministre de la Scurit internationale............................................................................................29/59

Finding the will to act; Report: step up fight against genocide...............................................................31/59

Genocide: "Never Again"...........................................................................................................................33/59

Genocide, however distant, still a threat....................................................................................................35/59


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Table of Contents / Table des matiresFocus on genocide vital: report...................................................................................................................39/59

Haunted by a genocide Canada ignored; Panel urges intervention plan to ensure horrors, like

those in Rwanda, are never again overlooked..........................................................................................40/59

Faraway genocides have impact on our shores GENOCIDES: A report calls on Canada to act......42/59

Canada urged to act against genocides; Rwandan atrocities cited as western failure..........................43/59

'Horrendous' genocidal situations in foreign lands should bring intervention from Canada,

report says; Former diplomat who was held hostage for four months calls for stronger response....45/59

Act on genocides, Ottawa told; Report urges early intervention; Canada, other nations must

consider military action to halt atrocities, it says....................................................................................47/59

MASS ATROCITIES Will to halt genocide lacking: panel Report urges Canada to builddiplomatic corps in 'fragile' nations, challenges media...........................................................................49/59

Ending genocide a priority: report; Calls for rewrite of policy to halt horrors like Rwanda..............51/59

WHEN THE WEST INTERVENES Do we have the means to match our will? Before shipping

out for distant interests, consider our limitations....................................................................................53/59

MASS KILLINGS Distant genocides demand intervention, report urges.............................................55/59

Hope for future: senator; Humanity Man who witnessed horrors of Rwanda has faith young

people will change things............................................................................................................................57/59

Genocidal disasters pose threats to Canadian interests, says professor.................................................59/59

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Inaction in the face of genocide

IDNUMBER 200909260092

PUBLICATION: The Toronto Star

DATE: 2009.09.26

EDITION: OntSECTION: Editorial

PAGE: IN06

BYLINE: John Honderich

SOURCE: Special to The Star

COPYRIGHT: 2009 Torstar Corporation

WORD COUNT: 698

Ultimately, civilized countries, their leaders and institutions, must be judged in history by their response to a

genocide.

One of the most poignant examples is surely the Rwandan genocide of 1994 that saw more than 800,000massacred in a 100day frenzy of racial bloodletting.

Former U.S. president Bill Clinton has consistently called America's collective failure to intervene "thegreatest regret of his presidency." The reputation of former UN secretary general Kofi Annan has beenpermanently tarred by his refusal to heed warnings from Canadian Gen. Romeo Dallaire that a genocide wasabout to unfold.

And the international journalism community has been forced to engage in serious soul searching as to why itmissed reporting the genocide until very late.

Now it has been revealed that the Canadian government was formally warned early on by a respected seniordiplomat that a genocide was underway. Yet it did nothing.

The diplomat? None other than Robert Fowler, recently held hostage for four months by Al Qaeda while on aUN mission in Niger.

Fowler was deputy minister of national defence when he visited Rwanda halfway through the genocide in1994 and then authored a searing fivepage report on the atrocities.

He estimated at least 400,000 had already been killed and argued that Canada's reasons for inaction would be

"irrelevant to the historians who chronicle the near elimination of a tribe while the white world's accountantscount and the foreign policy specialists machinate."

What did Canada do? Virtually nothing. Indeed, the lore within Foreign Affairs is that one bureaucrat evenscrawled "not in Canada's interest" on the report.

For a country that prides itself on its commitment to human rights, with its history of peacekeeping and itscherished record of speaking out where injustice or killing prevails, this failure to shout, let alone act, standsas an abject failure. This country's media must also share the same verdict.

One might well ask: What could Canada have done, particularly given the distance between us?

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Former NDP leader Ed Broadbent, who also visited Rwanda just before the genocide, provided three concreteexamples.

As one of Rwanda's key providers of foreign aid, Canada easily could have shut off the tap. We also couldhave denied student visas and even access to the children of progenocide Rwandans wishing to study inCanada.

However, it is his third example that is the most compelling. Canada could have funded or help set up a rivalradio network to counter the vicious incitation to genocide that was being propagated by the state radiostation, Radio Mille Collines.

A broadcaster from that station was eventually convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for the newinternational crime of incitation to genocide. It is hard to underestimate the lethal impact of this stationconstantly and incessantly urging "kill the cockroaches" referring to the Tutsi minority.

The U.S. was asked by human rights groups to jam the signal from Radio Mille Collines. But the U.S., citingfreedom of expression, refused to act. Parenthetically, thenpresident Clinton subsequently changed the U.S.regulations on such jamming but well after the killing had subsided.

What difference might a rival radio network or jamming have made? One cannot say.

Yet Broadbent is surely right when he observed: "We were in a position to take socalled soft power (actions)that would have made a real difference. But we did nothing."

For Canada's media along with virtually all other world media to miss such a huge story is still hard tofathom. The machetewielding government of Rwanda consistently characterized the conflict as a civil war, adescription that held sway for weeks.

By way of excuse, much has been made of the fact that the election of Nelson Mandela in South Africa was

taking place at the same time.

Yet surely Canadians should expect that its media was capable of providing both coverage and commentaryon two major stories out of Africa. (Coincidentally, the Star's Paul Watson, now covering the Arctic, was oneof the first foreign correspondents to enter Rwanda and eventually get the story of the genocide.)

Like virtually all others, however, we were too late to provide the necessary stories and prompt the necessaryoutrage that might have forced the international community to intervene.

As a country, Canadians have been haunted by Rwanda. The story of Gen. Dallaire and his personal travailsare etched in our consciousness. Now it turns out our government was warned, yet we did nothing.

Inevitably Canada cannot help but be judged harshly for our inaction. One might hope we would learn fromthis experience and be able to promise it would never happen again.

Somehow that feels like wishful thinking.

John Honderich is chair of the Torstar board and sponsors programs to help improve journalism in Rwanda.

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Genocide tests our will

IDNUMBER 200909250028

PUBLICATION: The Toronto Star

DATE: 2009.09.25

EDITION: OntSECTION: Editorial

PAGE: A22


WORD COUNT: 427

The hillsides of Rwanda were so covered with corpses that Venuste Karasira, his hand hacked off, had to"swim in their blood" to escape. "The cries of the people in agony were everywhere," he would recall yearslater. "We died because we were left by United Nations soldiers," and because the United States, Canada andothers lacked the will to prevent the 1994 genocide, though they were warned a year before.

A Canadian peacekeeper, Gen. Romeo Dallaire, now a senator, was left powerless to thwart the murder of asmany as a million people.

Politicians vowed "never again." Yet 15 years later Canada, like the U.S., still has no focused approach toforecasting mass murder, and marshalling action to avert it. As we know from Kosovo to Darfur to Sri Lanka,genocide, ethnic cleansing and war crimes persist to this day.

And no one not even safe, sheltered North Americans can fully escape the ugly spillover: broken societiesthat destabilize regions and produce mass refugee migrations, pandemic disease that threatens our health, andinternational crime that undermines our security.

For good reasons, moral and practical, Prime Minister Stephen Harper's government should welcome agroundbreaking report this week that urges Canada to make genocide prevention a key focus of foreignpolicy. Mobilizing the Will to Intervene, by Frank Chalk from the Montreal Institute for Genocide and HumanRights Studies at Concordia University, challenges government to think big, for once.

Sensibly, it urges Ottawa to develop a strategic partnership with the U.S. and other allies to confront genocide.Ottawa should beef up the foreign affairs and defence ministries so they can better keep track of crumblingsocieties, emerging humanitarian crises and ethnic violence. It must be willing and able to bring speedydiplomatic and other pressure to bear to defuse tensions. And it must have troops trained and ready tointervene as a last resort.

The report's specific proposals include naming a minister for international security, setting up a Parliamentarycommittee to hold authorities to account, putting more diplomats in troubled zones, and establishing a civiliancorps of experts.

But debate over the details must not obscure the big picture: the Canadian government needs to recognize "themoral imperative of engaging when truly appalling, unspeakable and unacceptable things are occurring," asveteran diplomat Robert Fowler aptly puts it.

Canada's national interest dictates that thwarting mass murder be a foreign policy priority, not an afterthought.We can't be everywhere, all the time. But we can and should try to prevent the very worst.

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PREVENTING GENOCIDE Readiness to act

PUBLICATION: GLOBE AND MAIL

IDN: 092670080

DATE: 2009.09.24

PAGE: A16BYLINE:

SECTION: Editorial

EDITION: Metro

DATELINE:

WORDS: 441

WORD COUNT: 435

A Canadian report on ways and means of preventing genocide and other mass atrocities is at its best in some

solid practical proposals.

Some of its other recommendations, however, such as a new cabinet portfolio of international security, areless likely to be effective.

The report is the work of the Will to Intervene Project, codirected by Senator Romeo Dallaire and FrankChalk, a Concordia University historian, at the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies. Itis addressed to the governments and politicians of both Canada and the United States, with differentrecommendations tailored to the two countries' different institutions.

The most convincing passages come under the heading of "building capacity" both civilian and military.The report proposes that Canada should have a stronger diplomatic and development presence in fragile,failing or failed states, where there is a risk of mass atrocities.

Raymond Chretien, a former Canadian ambassador to the U.S., is strikingly quoted as saying that some of theScandinavian countries, though much smaller than Canada, are much more deft at responding to internationalcrises. Accordingly, the report recommends a permanent Canadian Prevention Corps of experts and civilservants from a range of disciplines and departments, who would not have to be assembled in a panic, to dealwith a crisis when it might already be too late.

The report calls for the Armed Forces to have a greater orientation toward the protection of civilians inintrastate conflicts, in contrast to most of the peacekeeping missions of the past, which were mostly intendedto secure ceasefire lines between armies. This reasoning has much in common with that of General Stanley

McChrystal, the commander of ISAF in Afghanistan, in his report that was leaked earlier this week.

The Will to Intervene report also has sensible recommendations about greater heavylift capacity, so thattroops and equipment can be moved more quickly to where they are needed.

On the other hand, some of this report seems to be written in a civilservice version of managementspeak.There is too much about declarations of priorities, which could turn out to be empty gestures.

Canada already has too large and unwieldy a cabinet. If, as is proposed, there were a separate minister ofinternational security, who would be "a senior figure within cabinet," that problem would be exacerbated, andthe authority of the foreign affairs minister would be undermined.

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But the report is prudent in not assuming that any and all humanitarian disasters require military intervention.It does not try to widen the responsibilitytoprotect doctrine, but makes a real contribution on how to applyit.

ADDED SEARCH TERMS:

GEOGRAPHIC NAME: Canada; World

SUBJECT TERM:foreign policy; foreign relations; human rights; peacekeeping forces; political

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Genocide lurks in the dark

IDNUMBER 200909240076

PUBLICATION: Prince George Citizen

DATE: 2009.09.24

EDITION: FinalSECTION: News

PAGE: 29

DATELINE: OTTAWA

BYLINE: John Ward

SOURCE: The Canadian Press

COPYRIGHT: 2009 Prince George Citizen

WORD COUNT: 238

Canada and the United States should recognize that genocidal disasters such as that in Rwanda threaten theirnational interest and they should be prepared to act against such atrocities, says a new report.

While the United Nations has made much of its new "responsibility to protect" doctrine, the new report sayswhat's now needed is "the will to intervene."

The first step to creating that will is the recognition that the fallout from humanitarian disasters can reachacross oceans, says the report from a panel of experts including Sen. Romeo Dallaire, the retired general whocommanded the hopeless UN mission in Rwanda 15 years ago.

"The chaos resulting from these atrocities poses credible danger to Canadian and American national interests

at home and abroad," the report warns.Frank Chalk, a Concordia University professor, recognized authority on genocide and codirector of theproject that produced the report, said the threats are obvious.

"Displacement and the creation of refugee flows denies people pure water, inoculation, vaccination, treatment,etc., and creates a vast Petri dish for the development of future pandemics," he said.

In a world linked by jets, contagion can leap halfway around the world in hours.

"There's also the threat of terrorism arising from these events."

The old idea that only a palpable, direct threat requires action, must be discarded, the 160page report argues.

"We need to redefine our national interest more broadly, not only to help failing states, but also to help andprotect ourselves."

Other panel members include retired diplomat Robert Fowler, who was kidnapped in Niger last December andEd Broadbent, former NDP leader and founding president of the International Centre for Human Rights andDemocratic Development.

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Genocide lesson

IDNUMBER 200909240130

PUBLICATION: National Post

DATE: 2009.09.24

EDITION: NationalSECTION: Letters

PAGE: A17

BYLINE: Jeff Gardiner

SOURCE: National Post

WORD COUNT: 99

Re: Canada Must Do More To Stop Genocide, Report Says, Sept. 23.

Good on Romeo Dallaire for wanting to combat the problem of genocide. I would like to add that in almostevery case of genocide there has been in the last 100 years, the government first tried to disarm thepopulation. These are the very same policies that Senator Dallaire's Liberal party has been in favour of fordecades. Maybe it would be a good idea to stop backing UN policies that lead to the disarmament of innocentcivilians.

Jeff Gardiner, Wellesley, Ont.

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New era' of genocide a threat

IDNUMBER 200909230050

PUBLICATION: Guelph Mercury

DATE: 2009.09.23


PAGE: A10

ILLUSTRATION:

Senator Romeo Dallaire, (left), Dr. Frank Chalk, director ofMontreal Institutefor Genocide and Human Rights Studies and Robert Fowler unveil the Will toIntervene (W2I) Project report during a press conference at the National PressTheatre in Ottawa, Tuesday. Sean Kilpatrick, The Canadian Press ;

KEYWORDS: GENOCIDEREPORT

DATELINE: OTTAWA

BYLINE: John Ward



WORD COUNT: 477



The first step to creating that will is the recognition that the fallout from humanitarian disasters can reachacross oceans, says the report from a panel of experts including Senator Romeo Dallaire, the retired generalwho commanded the UN mission in Rwanda 15 years ago.

"The chaos resulting from these atrocities poses credible danger to Canadian and American national interestsat home and abroad," the report warns.

Frank Chalk, a Concordia University professor, recognized authority on genocide and codirector of theproject that produced the report, said the threats are obvious.

"Displacement and the creation of refugee flows denies people pure water, inoculation, vaccination, treatment,

etc., and creates a vast petri dish for the development of future pandemics and infectious disease," he said.





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Other panel members include retired diplomat Robert Fowler, who was kidnapped in Niger last December andheld for four months by an alQaida offshoot; Ed Broadbent, former NDP leader and founding president ofthe International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development; Tory Senator Hugh Segal; and anassembly of experts in international affairs.

The report said Canada has to recognize that when all else fails, force may have to be used to combat crimes

against humanity.

It recommends that Canada make prevention of mass atrocities a national priority by appointing a seniorcabinet minister to monitor such catastrophes and keep government and Canadians informed as disastersunfold.

This ministry would work with departments and agencies to coordinate the flow of information and thedevelopment of a response.

The Canadian Forces should be beefed up and given the doctrine and training for interventions to protectcivilians in times of genocide.

It also says the House of Commons should have a standing committee on genocide prevention.

"This is a new era, you need new tools," said Dallaire.

He said acting before a crisis explodes to unmanageable proportions will save blood and money in the longrun, because cleaning up the wreckage afterward costs billions of dollars and takes years.

Chalk said the Liberals and NDP have accepted the report's recommendations.

The UN has been reluctant to order interventions, but the report's authors point out that the UN has beensidestepped in places such as Afghanistan and East Timor in favour of other international bodies.

The report closely looks at disasters such as Rwanda, where the world looked on as hundreds of thousands ofpeople were massacred, and Kosovo, where NATO intervened to protect people from ethnic cleansing.

Broadbent said the Canadian government knew terrible things were brewing in Rwanda, but did little. Fowlersaid senior bureaucrats in Ottawa were told of the horrors unfolding, but saw no Canadian interests at stake.

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Canada must do more to end genocide: report;Human Rights; Dallaire supports bigger Canadianeffort abroad

IDNUMBER 200909230125PUBLICATION: National Post

DATE: 2009.09.23

EDITION: National

SECTION: Canada

PAGE: A9

ILLUSTRATION:

Color Photo: Canwest News Service / Senator Romeo Dallaire; Color Photo: FinbarrO'Reilly, Reuters / Canadian soldiers scan with their weapons during a patrol in thePanjwaii district of Kandahar province. ;

DATELINE: OTTAWA

BYLINE: Norma Greenaway

SOURCE: Canwest News Service

WORD COUNT: 503

OTTAWA At a time when Canadians are increasingly questioning the country's involvement inAfghanistan, a new report says Canada should pour more diplomatic and military resources into preventing orstopping genocides in faroff places.

The report says the refusal by Canada, the United States and other countries to intervene in atrocities such asthe Rwandan genocide in the early 1990s must be turned into a "will to intervene" diplomatically as early as

possible to prevent catastrophes.

If the genocide is already in progress, it says, Canadian, U. S. and other world leaders must be prepared tointervene militarily to stop the slaughter of human beings.

"By continuing to drag our feet when prevention is required, we risk watching more crises turn intocatastrophes," said the report, which was issued by the Will to Intervene Project at the Montreal Institute forGenocide and Human Rights Studies at Concordia University.

The report's conclusions were passionately embraced yesterday by retired diplomat Robert Fowler, the authorof a hardhitting memorandum to Liberal Cabinet ministers in 1994 about the mass slaughter going on in

Rwanda that in the end, he says, was ignored.

Making a rare public speaking appearance since being held hostage for four months by alQaeda militants inAfrica, Mr. Fowler said, in effect, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out when outside intervention iswarranted.

"The things I am talking about are not debatable," he told a news conference. "They are simply so horrendousthat they require engagement."

He said the situation in Afghanistan doesn't qualify as genocide.

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"It's a miserable situation. Certainly people's lives are being diminished, are being ruined in many cases," hesaid, "but unfortunately there are other places in the world where that is the case as well."

Mr. Fowler was joined at the news conference promoting the report by Senator Romeo Dallaire, whocommanded the small UN force in Rwanda at the time of the genocide, former NDP leader Ed Broadbent andTory Senator Hugh Segal.

All stressed the report was in no way suggesting turning Canada or the United States into the "world'spoliceman," bent on setting everything right around the globe.

Mr. Fowler said the failure of Western governments to intervene in Rwanda where, his 1994 memoestimated, up to one million people had been killed was morally offensive.

In the stillsecret memo, parts of which were quoted for the first time in the report, Mr. Fowler warned theCabinet of Jean Chretien that reasons for inaction would be "irrelevant to the historians who chronicle thenearelimination of a tribe while the white world's accountants count and foreign policy specialistsmachinate."

Mr. Fowler acknowledged Canada doesn't have the military, diplomatic or development assistance capacity atthis time to implement the report's recommendations.

But he said he hopes the report will spur the government to restore the capacity lost in recent years with thehollowing out of Foreign Affairs and other government departments and agencies.

The findings were based on a sweeping exploration of the lessons learned from the Rwanda genocide andKosovo crisis of 1999.

Among other things, it urges the Prime Minister to make preventing mass atrocities a national policy priorityand to appoint a super minister to coordinate defence, diplomacy and developmental policy aimed at that

goal.

It also says there should be a joint committee of the House of Commons and the Senate on preventinggenocide.

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Genocide, however distant, still a threat: report

PUBLICATION: The Telegram (St. John's)

DATE: 2009.09.23

SECTION: National

PAGE: A15SOURCE: The Canadian Press

BYLINE: John Ward

DATELINE: OTTAWA

WORD COUNT: 282


While the United Nations has made much of its new "responsibility to protect" doctrine, the new report says

what's now needed is "the will to intervene."




"Displacement and the creation of refugee flows denies people pure water, inoculation, vaccination, treatment,etc., and creates a vast Petri dish for the development of future pandemics and infectious disease," he said.



The old idea that only a palpable, direct threat requires action must be discarded, the 160page report argues.

"We need to redefine our national interest more broadly, not only to help failing states, but also to help and

protect ourselves."

Other panel members include retired diplomat Robert Fowler, who was kidnapped in Niger last December andheld for four months by an AlQaida offshoot; Ed Broadbent, former NDP leader and founding president ofthe International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development; Tory Sen. Hugh Segal; and anassembly of experts in international affairs.

The report said Canada has to recognize that when all else fails, force may have to be used to combat crimesagainst humanity.

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Canada must do more to stop genocide, report says;Human Rights; Dallaire supports bigger Canadianeffort abroad

IDNUMBER 200909230087PUBLICATION: National Post

DATE: 2009.09.23

EDITION: All But Toronto

SECTION: News

PAGE: A8

ILLUSTRATION:

Color Photo: Finbarr O'Reilly, Reuters / Canadian soldiersduring a patrol in thePanjwaii district of Kandahar province. ; Color Photo: Canwest News Service /Senator Romeo Dallaire ;

DATELINE: OTTAWA

BYLINE: Norma Greenaway

SOURCE: Canwest News Service

WORD COUNT: 503

OTTAWA At a time when Canadians are increasingly questioning the country's involvement inAfghanistan, a new report says Canada should pour more diplomatic and military resources into preventing orstopping genocides in faroff places.

The report says the refusal by Canada, the United States and other countries to intervene in atrocities such asthe Rwandan genocide in the early 1990s must be turned into a "will to intervene" diplomatically as early as

possible to prevent catastrophes.

If the genocide is already in progress, it says, Canadian, U.S. and other world leaders must be prepared tointervene militarily to stop the slaughter of human beings.


The report's conclusions were passionately embraced yesterday by retired diplomat Robert Fowler, the authorof a hardhitting memorandum to Liberal cabinet ministers in 1994 about the mass slaughter going on in

Rwanda that in the end, he says, was ignored.

Making a rare public speaking appearance since being held hostage for four months by alQaeda militants inAfrica, Mr. Fowler said, in effect, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out when outside intervention iswarranted.

"The things I am talking about are not debatable," he told a news conference. "They are simply so horrendousthat they require engagement."


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"It's a miserable situation. Certainly people's lives are being diminished, are being ruined in many cases," hesaid, "but unfortunately there are other places in the world where that is the case as well."

Mr. Fowler was joined at the news conference promoting the report by Senator Romeo Dallaire, whocommanded the small UN force in Rwanda at the time of the genocide, former NDP leader Ed Broadbent andTory Senator Hugh Segal.

All stressed the report was in no way suggesting turning Canada or the United States into the "world'spoliceman," bent on setting everything right around the globe.

Mr. Fowler said the failure of western governments to intervene in Rwanda where, his 1994 memoestimated, up to one million people had been killed was morally offensive.

In the stillsecret memo, parts of which were quoted for the first time in the report,

Mr. Fowler warned the cabinet of Jean Chretien that reasons for inaction would be "irrelevant to the historianswho chronicle the nearelimination of a tribe while the white world's accountants count and foreign policyspecialists machinate."

Mr. Fowler acknowledged Canada doesn't have the military, diplomatic or development assistance capacity atthis time to implement the report's recommendations.

But he said he hopes the report will spur the government to restore the capacity lost in recent years with thehollowing out of Foreign Affairs and other government departments and agencies.

The findings were based on a sweeping exploration of the lessons learned from the Rwanda genocide andKosovo crisis of 1999.

Among other things, it urges the prime minister to make preventing mass atrocities a national policy priority

and to appoint a super minister to coordinate defence, diplomacy and developmental policy aimed at thatgoal. It also says there should be a joint committee of the House of Commons and the Senate on preventinggenocide.

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A new era' of genocide

IDNUMBER 200909230053

PUBLICATION: Waterloo Region Record

DATE: 2009.09.23


PAGE: A3

ILLUSTRATION:Sen. Romeo Dallaire (from left), Dr. Frank Chalk, and RobertFowler unveil a report ongenocide. Sean Kilpatrick, The Canadian Press ;

KEYWORDS: GENOCIDEREPORT

DATELINE: OTTAWA



WORD COUNT: 309










Other panel members include retired diplomat Robert Fowler, who was kidnapped in Niger last December andheld for four months by an alQaida offshoot; Ed Broadbent, former NDP leader and founding president ofthe International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development; Tory Senator Hugh Segal; and anassembly of experts in international affairs.

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It recommends that Canada make prevention of mass atrocities a national priority by appointing a seniorcabinet minister to monitor such catastrophes and keep government and Canadians informed as disastersunfold. "This is a new era, you need new tools," said Dallaire.

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Genocide is still a threat: report; Intervention Canadaand U.S. should be prepared to act against suchatrocities

IDNUMBER 200909230010PUBLICATION: New Brunswick TelegraphJournal

DATE: 2009.09.23

SECTION: News;News

PAGE: A10

BYLINE: John Ward THE CANADIAN PRESS

COPYRIGHT: 2009 TelegraphJournal (New Brunswick)

WORD COUNT: 610

Canada and the United States should recognize that genocidal disasters such as Rwanda threaten their nationalinterest and they should be prepared to act against such atrocities, says a new report.


The first step to creating that will is the recognition that the fallout from humanitarian disasters can reachacross oceans.

"The chaos resulting from these atrocities poses credible danger to Canadian and American national interestsat home and abroad," the report says.

Frank Chalk, a Concordia University professor, recognized authority on genocide and codirector of theproject which produced the report, said the threats are obvious.






The report comes from a panel including Senator Romeo Dallaire, the retired general who led the illfatedUN force in Rwanda in 1994; retired diplomat Robert Fowler; Ed Broadbent, former NDP leader andfounding president of the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development; Tory SenatorHugh Segal and an assembly of experts in international affairs.

It said Canada has to recognize that when all else fails, force may have to be used in the last resort to combat

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crimes against humanity.


This ministry would work with departments and agencies from IDA to National Defence to coordinate theflow of information and the development of a response.


It also says the Commons should have a standing committee on genocide prevention.


He said acting before a crisis explodes to unmanageable proportions will save blood and treasure in the longrun, because cleaning up the wreckage afterward costs billions of dollars and takes years.

The report is the product of the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies based at ConcordiaUniversity.

Chalk said the Liberals and NDP have accepted the report's recommendations.

"This is not a partisan issue, this is an issue of protecting victims of genocide," he said.

The United Nations has been reluctant to order interventions, but the report's authors point out that the UN hasbeen sidestepped in places such as Afghanistan and East Timor in favour of other international bodies.

"It's about what I would call coalitions of the relevant . . . acting when there is no other choice," said Segal.

The report takes a close look at disasters such as Rwanda, where the world looked on as hundreds ofthousands of people were massacred, and Kosovo, where NATO intervened to protect people against thethreat of ethnic cleansing.

The Rwanda response stands as a grim example of the consequences of inaction, the authors said.

Broadbent said the Canadian government knew terrible things were brewing in Rwanda, but did little. Fowlersaid senior bureaucrats in Ottawa were told of the horrors unfolding, but saw no Canadian interests at stake.

Chalk said Canada could have brought pressure on the Rwandan government, from freezing bank accounts toexpelling Rwandan students often the children of officials who would later fan the genocide fromCanadian universities.

These sorts of soft power reactions should be the first resort in future crises, the report said. But if persuasionand armtwisting don't work, countries must be prepared to use force.

"After you have exhausted diplomatic capability and sanctions capability to arrest it then the use of force is, ofcourse, recognized," Dallaire said. "But the use of force that we propose is not to go in and blow the placeapart in the classic sense.

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"We're talking about a new doctrinal base in which the use of force is there to protect civilians."

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Genocide still a threat: report; Panel finds Canadaneeds to recognize it should be prepared to actagainst such atrocities

IDNUMBER 200909230045PUBLICATION: Times &Transcript (Moncton)

DATE: 2009.09.23

SECTION: News

PAGE: C11

COPYRIGHT: 2009 Times &Transcript (Moncton)

WORD COUNT: 325

Canada and the United States should recognize that genocidal disasters such as Rwanda threaten their nationalinterest and they should be prepared to act against such atrocities, says a new report.


The first step to creating that will is the recognition that the fallout from humanitarian disasters can reachacross oceans.

"The chaos resulting from these atrocities poses credible danger to Canadian and American national interestsat home and abroad," the report says.

Frank Chalk, a Concordia University professor, recognized authority on genocide and codirector of the

project which produced the report, said the threats are obvious.






The report comes from a panel including Senator Romeo Dallaire, the retired general who led the illfatedUN force in Rwanda in 1994; retired diplomat Robert Fowler; Ed Broadbent, former NDP leader andfounding president of the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development; Tory SenatorHugh Segal and an assembly of experts in international affairs.

It said Canada has to recognize that when all else fails, force may have to be used in the last resort to combatcrimes against humanity.

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This ministry would work with departments and agencies from IDA to National Defence to coordinate theflow of information and the development of a response.




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PUBLICATION: Cape Breton Post

DATE: 2009.09.23

SECTION: National

PAGE: A9SOURCE: Canadian Press

BYLINE: John Ward

DATELINE: OTTAWA

ILLUSTRATION:Sen. Romeo Dallaire helps to unveil the Will to InterveneProject report during a pressconference at the National Press Theatre in Ottawa, Ont., Tuesday. The Canadian Press

WORD COUNT: 344













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Genocide, however distant, still a threat says report

PUBLICATION: The Daily News (Truro)

DATE: 2009.09.23

SECTION: Canada

PAGE: 8SOURCE: The Canadian Press

DATELINE: OTTAWA

WORD COUNT: 176

Canada and the United States should recognize genocidal disasters such as that in Rwanda threaten theirnational interest and they should be prepared to act against such atrocities, says a new report.






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Pour mettre fin aux gnocides

PUBLICATION: Le Devoir

DATE: 2009.09.23

SECTION: IDES

PAGE: a9BYLINE: Frank Chalk; Romo A. Dallaire

WORD COUNT: 831

Depuis plus de 50 ans, le Canada est signataire de traits internationaux qui l'obligent participer auxinterventions visant prvenir et arrter les gnocides et autres atrocits de masse. Cependant, cesobligations et l'impratif moral d'agir n'ont pas suffi arrter le massacre systmatique de civils innocents enIndonsie, au Burundi, au Bangladesh, au Cambodge, au Timor oriental, au Rwanda, au Soudan et enRpublique dmocratique du Congo.

En fait, il apparat vident que l'on ne souhaite pas intervenir. Avant et pendant le gnocide de 1994 auRwanda, les hautes sphres des gouvernements du Canada et des tatsUnis ont ignor des informationscruciales sur l'ampleur du danger et des massacres, pour ensuite bloquer et rejeter les mesures prventives

judicieusement proposes.

Certains affirmeraient que c'est comprhensible. Les chefs politiques canadiens ont comme mandat deprotger les intrts du Canada et des Canadiens. Les atrocits de masse sont un problme complexe; en outre,les interventions, dont l'issue est toujours incertaine, cotent cher en argent et peuttre mme en vies. Devantles dfis relever au pays et l'tranger, pourquoi les chefs politiques canadiens devraientils dployer nosrares ressources des idaux aussi difficiles?

Raisons cruciales

Le rapport du Projet sur la volont d'intervenir (Will to Intervene, W2I), que nous avons codirig, traite decette question et fait tat de nouvelles raisons cruciales de prvenir les gnocides et les atrocits de masse et,dans les pires cas, d'intervenir en pareille situation. Intitul Mobiliser la volont d'intervenir: leadership etaction pour la prvention des atrocits de masse, ce rapport, publi lundi, comprend une tude approfondie dela raction des gouvernements canadien et amricain au gnocide de 1994 au Rwanda et la crise de 1999 auKosovo.

Selon le document, les gnocides et les atrocits de masse non seulement choquent la conscience desCanadiens, mais, dans le village mondial d'aujourd'hui, menacent indirectement notre scurit et nos intrtsnationaux. On peut d'ailleurs le constater clairement dans le domaine de la sant publique: partir du moment

o il a t dtect, le virus de la grippe A(H1N1) a provoqu une pandmie mondiale en moins de sixsemaines, frappant chaque province et territoire du Canada.

Dans des rgions touches par des gnocides et des atrocits de masse, le fragile rgime public de sant et lesinfrastructures essentielles la vie s'croulent et les camps de rfugis o s'entassent les populations dplacesdeviennent des terrains propices l'closion de futures pandmies et maladies infectieuses rsistantes auxmdicaments.

Notre intrt en matire de scurit internationale est plus que jamais li nos principes humanitaires. Enadmettant que les gnocides et les autres atrocits de masse menacent indirectement mais certainement la

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sant publique, la scurit branle par le terrorisme et le piratage et la prosprit conomique desCanadiens, les politiciens canadiens n'ont d'autre choix que de faire de la prvention des atrocits de masseune question d'intrt national.

Importance de la prvention

Pour tre un leader responsable dans la dcennie venir, il faut mettre de l'avant des politiques et desprogrammes qui vont en ce sens. Le rapport du Projet sur la volont d'intervenir propose desrecommandations pratiques et concrtes sur la manire d'organiser le Parlement, le cabinet et la fonctionpublique du Canada pour atteindre cet objectif.

Enfin, le prsident Obama a signifi, au cours de sa campagne, sa volont de faire de la prvention desatrocits de masse un aspect cl de l'intrt national des Amricains; aprs avoir t lu, il a nomm SamanthaPower, spcialiste des questions de gnocide, au Conseil national de scurit. Le projet W2I donne augouvernement du Canada une occasion en or d'agir non seulement pour l'intrt national et de faire preuve deleadership l'chelle internationale, mais galement de nouer des liens stratgiques avec l'administration duprsident Obama.

De nouvelles indications montrent qu'il est dans l'intrt du Canada de prvenir et d'arrter les atrocits demasse commises l'tranger. La rcession a dmontr que le bientre des Canadiens est li aux vnementsqui se produisent hors de nos frontires; de mme, il est essentiel de sauver la vie de civils innocents dans defuturs Rwanda et Kosovo pour protger des vies au Canada. Des interventions qui paraissaient autrefoisaltruistes assurent maintenant la sant, la prosprit et la scurit des Canadiens. Cette constatation devraitsuffire convaincre nos politiciens d'examiner ces questions dans le cadre des efforts qu'ils dploient pourgagner la confiance des Canadiens.

Frank Chalk : Directeur et cofondateur de l'Institut montralais d'tudes sur le gnocide et les droits de lapersonne et codirecteur du Projet sur la volont d'intervenir

Romo A. Dallaire : Ancien commandant de la Force de la mission d'assistance des Nations unies au Rwandaet codirecteur du Projet sur la volont d'intervenir

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Pour Romo Dallaire, tmoin impuissant du gnocide, il est aujourd'hui temps de changer de mentalit, defaire en sorte que le gouvernement soit proactif en matire de prvention. Nos intrts personnels doiventtre largis, ditil. a prend un changement d'orientation, estime l'ancien militaire, qui aimerait voir lanotion d'intrt national redfinie sans vision partisane.

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Dallaire plaide la cause des droits de l'homme; Legnral la retraite suggre la cration d'unsuperministre de la Scurit internationale

PUBLICATION: La PresseDATE: 2009.09.23

SECTION: Monde

PAGE: A23

BYLINE: Perreault, LauraJulie

PHOTO: PHOTO ARCHIVES AFP

ILLUSTRATION:Le gnocide au Rwanda a fait 800 000 morts. La rponsetardive de la communautinternationale a marqu jamais le gnral la retraite Romo Dallaire.

WORD COUNT: 543

Il y a 15 ans, le gnral Romo Dallaire a regard, impuissant, le gnocide rwandais se drouler sous ses yeuxalors qu'il dirigeait la mission de paix des Nations unies. Pour que l'histoire ne se repte pas, il a propos hierun plan d'action que les gouvernements canadien et amricain devraient adopter au plus vite, croitil.

Dans un rapport de 184 pages qu'il a cosign avec le professeur Frank Chalk, de l'Universit Concordia,l'ancien officier de haut rang de l'arme canadienne, devenu depuis snateur libral, suggre notamment auCanada de crer un "super" ministre de la Scurit internationale qui aurait comme mandat de sonner l'alarmeen cas de signes prcurseurs de gnocide et de superviser la rponse du gouvernement canadien.

Selon les auteurs, ce nouveau poste, combin avec une diplomatie plus muscle et une meilleure coordinationdes forces vives de divers ministres canadiens, permettrait d'viter les pires violations des droits de l'homme.

"L'ide, ce n'est pas d'envoyer notre arme dans un pays en conflit pour tout dtruire, mais bien de dvelopperdes outils qui nous permettraient d'agir ds qu'on voit des points de friction pour les dsamorcer", expliqueRomo Dallaire, estimant qu' ce jour les gouvernements canadien et amricain n'ont pas russi s'acquitterde cette mission. Idem pour les organisations internationales qui sont dpendantes des dcisions prises dansles capitales d'tats souverains.

C'est d'ailleurs pour comprendre la faible raction des gouvernements au gnocide du Rwanda, qui a fait 800000 morts, ainsi que la rponse tardive de la communaut internationale aux massacres du Kosovo, que MM.Dallaire et Chalk se sont lancs dans un projet de recherche qu'ils ont intitul "La volont d'intervenir". En unan et demi, ils ont interrog 80 individus qui tenaient des rlescls lors de ces deux crises qui ont marqu les

annes 90.

"Nous avons constat qu'il y avait beaucoup de bons renseignements qui taient fournis par les gens sur leterrain, mais que cette information tait enterre sous une pile et n'tait pas achemine dans les machinesgouvernementales canadienne et amricaine", a dit Frank Chalk, qui dirige l'Institut montralais d'tudes surles gnocides et les droits humains.

Les deux auteurs du rapport croient qu'il est de l'intrt national du Canada et des tatsUnis de se lancerdans la lutte contre le gnocide, en ayant d'abord recours au dveloppement et la diplomatie, puis l'intervention militaire en cas d'checs des mesures persuasives. Ils notent que les zones de conflit sont

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souvent des terreaux fertiles pour la cration de groupes terroristes, la propagation de maladies infectieuses oula dstabilisation d'conomies rgionales qui peuvent affecter le Canada.

Le Bloc qubcois et le Nouveau Parti dmocratique ont approuv le rapport de MM. Dallaire et Chalk, quiesprent que les autres partis politiques, dont le Parti conservateur au pouvoir, leur emboteront le pas.

"La prvention du gnocide n'est pas une question de partisanerie", a dit ce sujet M. Chalk lors du lancementdu rapport, hier, Ottawa. Parmi les partisans du rapport, on retrouve aussi Robert Fowler, l'ancien diplomatecanadien fait captif par un groupe d'insurgs au Niger, l'hiver dernier et relch en avril.

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Finding the will to act; Report: step up fight againstgenocide

PUBLICATION: The ChronicleHerald

DATE:

2009.09.23SECTION: Canada

PAGE: B2


BYLINE: John Ward

ILLUSTRATION:

Robert Fowler, right to left, Frank Chalk, director of theMontreal Institute for Genocideand Human Rights Studies, Sen. Romeo Dallaire, Ed Broadbent, and Sen. Hugh Segalunveil the Will to Intervene Project report in Ottawa on Tuesday. (Sean Kilpatrick / CP)

WORD COUNT: 412

OTTAWA Canada and the United States should recognize that genocidal disasters such as that in Rwandathreaten their national interest and they should be prepared to act against such atrocities, says a new report.



"The chaos resulting from these atrocities poses credible danger to Canadian and American national interests

at home and abroad," the report warns.

Frank Chalk, a Concordia University professor, recognized authority on genocide and codirector of theproject that produced the report, said the threats are obvious. "Displacement and the creation of refugee flowsdenies people pure water, inoculation, vaccination, treatment, etc., and creates a vast Petri dish for thedevelopment of future pandemics and infectious disease," he said.






The report said Canada has to recognize that when all else fails, force may have to be used to combat crimes

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against humanity.



The Canadian Forces should be beefed up and given the doctrine and training for interventions to protectcivilians in times of genocide. It also says the House of Commons should have a standing committee ongenocide prevention.


He said acting before a crisis explodes to unmanageable proportions will save blood and money in the longrun, because cleaning up the wreckage afterward costs billions of dollars and takes years.

The report is the product of the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies, based atConcordia University.

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Genocide: "Never Again"

PUBLICATION: CTV Canada AM

DATE: 2009.09.23

TIME: 07:12:00 ET

END: 07:18:00 ETWORD COUNT: 1086

THOMSON: Fifteen years ago, Canadian Lieutenant General Romeo Dallaire was the commander of theUnited Nations assistance mission in Rwanda. As he saw tensions increase in the region, he tried to warn theworld that something terrible was going to happen, but there was no international response, and he was left towitness a genocide that would leave more than 800,000 people dead. Today, General Dallaire is a senator inOttawa and he has helped write a plan for world governments to prevent such atrocities from happening again.He joins us from Ottawa. Good morning to you. ROMEO DALLAIRE (Commander of the UN AssistanceMission in Rwanda): Good morning.

THOMSON: Well, tell me, I guess, to begin with, when we're talking about, you know, the genocide offifteen years ago, one that you've spoken out, you've been vociferous on, you've written about, you've, you'vetried to get anybody and everybody to listen. What has changed in the fifteen years since that happened thatwould, you know, measure in part steps toward preventing it in the future?

DALLAIRE: Well, in fact, if you look at Darfur, and you look at what's going on in the Congo, you, you, you,you sort of are taken aback by the fact that with all that writing and all that advocacy, we've done very little.And so, what we've been attempting, although all the regulations and all the conventions are there, all themoral desires to meet the human rights standards that have been established, we just have seen a dearth ofpolitical leadership and will to take the risks to go in and not just stop these massive crimes against humanityand genocide, but actually try to prevent them in a, in a concrete way. And so the three premises that the

politicians used to use, which is: why should I go in?

THOMSON: Right.

DALLAIRE: It's going to bring me great risks to my political future, potentially. Secondly, what's ourselfinterest? What are we going to get out of that? And if you remember in Rwanda, people were telling me,hey, there's nothing here except human beings, and human beings seem to have been, particularlyblackAfricans, were considered to be lower than resource base that they might be. And the third criteria wascasualties. And look at even the debate on Afghanistan. It's far more on casualties rather on the positiveeffects that we might be able to achieve. And so what we've done is we've dissected Kosovo and Rwanda,United States, Canada, and why did we go into one and not into the other, and in so doing, with globalization

and the new era of communication, mobility of population and, of course, the higher threats of not onlyterrorism coming out of those places that are falling apart but also the pandemics that are very easilytransferable, we're saying that selfinterest has now got a whole new definition and that's why we thinkpoliticians should get engaged because I think, and to be crass about it, they can sell it a lot better here forwhy we should be preventing things over there.

THOMSON: But, but, okay, but moving, and I guess getting down to brass tacks, when you talk about, and Iknow that the report you've coauthored, been a part of is directed at world leaders. I mean, this is a globalproblem so it needs to have a global solution, but bringing it right back to this country and Canada, when welook at...

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DALLAIRE: Right.

THOMSON: ...and you brought up Afghanistan, how thinly we are stretched in terms of our military, howthen do we become part of a, a, a greater world police, if you will?

DALLAIRE: Yeah, well, in fact, that, that's a, a term that we probably should not be using, and I certainly am

horrified when we want the Americans to be the world police, we want them to be the world power behind allthis sort of process and not being in there in the first place and then sometimes creating more problems thansolving. What we're looking at is a world insurance policy. What we're seeing in the future is, is that the youthof the nations and their mobility, they're looking at the (inaudible) inside of countries like ours who feel thatwe have a responsibility to go in there, to protect and to assist. And we created that concept. If you rememberthe R2P, responsibility to protect in 2001, and the whole of the UN accepted it in 2005. Well, we'reoperationalizing that, and we're saying we can operationalize that by the fact that it is also in our selfinterest.Now, Afghanistan is an essential mission for a nation state like ours, a middle power, to go and help a nascentdemocracy, and it's a longterm exercise. The question is, is why can we only do Afghanistan? There havebeen deliberate decisions over the years to limit our capabilities. Doing Afghanistan, not doing anything else,disseminating our diplomatic corps so they can bring innovative solutions for prevention, taking apart our, andreducing significant our international development that will assist in preventing conflicts by the frictions ofthe differences in education and resource base and, and wealth in those countries and so we're saying we'vegot to build up the soft power and hold whatever military needs in a role of pure protection of innocenceshould that soft power not achieve the aim.

THOMSON: Lieutenant General Romeo Dallaire, the name of the report, Mobilizing the Will to Intervene,Leadership and Action to Prevent Mass Atrocities. Thank you for coming on this morning.

DALLAIRE: Yes, and I want, and as a senator, I think I should get that phone number from the Maritimes so Ican sort it out, too.

THOMSON: And there still won't be any complaints, okay! Thank you so much for your time. Have a good

day.

DALLAIRE: Thank you.

THOMSON: We'll be right back on "Canada AM".

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

Seamus O'Regan, Bev Thomson Romeo Dallaire, Commander of the UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda

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Genocide, however distant, still a threat

PUBLICATION: The Guardian (Charlottetown)

DATE: 2009.09.23

SECTION: Canada

PAGE: A12SOURCE: THE CANADIAN PRESS

BYLINE: John Ward

DATELINE: OTTAWA

ILLUSTRATION:

Robert Fowler, from right, Dr. Frank Chalk, director ofMontreal Institute for Genocideand Human Rights Studies, Sen. Romeo Dallaire, Ed Broadbent and Sen. Hugh Segalunveil the Will to Intervene (W2I) Project report entitled Mobilizing the Will toIntervene: Leadership and Action to Prevent Mass Atrocities during a press conferenceTuesday. Canadian Press photo

WORD COUNT: 351












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It also says the House of Commons should have a standing committee on genocide prevention.

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DATE: 2009.09.22

KEYWORDS: DEFENCE INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

PUBLICATION: cpw

WORD COUNT: 660

OTTAWA _ Canada and the United States should recognize that genocidal disasters such as that in Rwandathreaten their national interest and they should be prepared to act against such atrocities, says a new report.

While the United Nations has made much of its new ``responsibility to protect'' doctrine, the new report sayswhat's now needed is ``the will to intervene.''


``The chaos resulting from these atrocities poses credible danger to Canadian and American national interestsat home and abroad,'' the report warns.


``Displacement and the creation of refugee flows denies people pure water, inoculation, vaccination,treatment, etc., and creates a vast Petri dish for the development of future pandemics and infectious disease,''he said.


``There's also the threat of terrorism arising from these events.''


``We need to redefine our national interest more broadly, not only to help failing states, but also to help andprotect ourselves.''

Other panel members include retired diplomat Robert Fowler, who was kidnapped in Niger last December andheld for four months by an AlQaida offshoot; Ed Broadbent, former NDP leader and founding president of

the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development; Tory Sen. Hugh Segal; and anassembly of experts in international affairs.



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Focus on genocide vital: report

DATE: 2009.09.22

KEYWORDS: DEFENCE INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

PUBLICATION: bnw

WORD COUNT: 115

OTTAWA A new report says Canada and the United States should recognize genocidal disasters such asRwanda as threats to their national interest and be prepared to act against such atrocities.

The report is the work of a panel including retired general Romeo Dallaire, retired diplomat Robert Fowler,former NDP leader Ed Broadbent and an assembly of experts in international affairs.

It says Canada should make prevention of mass atrocities a national priority.

It says the Canadian Forces should be beefed up and given the doctrine and training for interventions toprotect civilians in times of genocide.

The report calls for the appointment of a highlevel cabinet minister to monitor developing humancatastrophes and keep government and Canadians informed as disasters unfold.


(The Canadian Press)

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Haunted by a genocide Canada ignored; Panel urgesintervention plan to ensure horrors, like those inRwanda, are never again overlooked

IDNUMBER 200909230078PUBLICATION: The Toronto Star

DATE: 2009.09.23

EDITION: Ont

SECTION: News

PAGE: A14

ILLUSTRATION:

THOMAS SWEJCK ap file photo Skulls lie on display at the NtaramaGenocideMemorial near Kigali. Rwanda's 1994 genocide saw hundreds of thousands of people,most from the Tutsi minority, killed by Hutu extremists.Sean Kilpatrick the canadianpress Former diplomat Robert Fowler (from right), genocide expert Frank Chalk, Senator

Romeo Dallaire, former NDP leader Ed Broadbent and Senator Hugh Segal unveil 'Willto Intervene Project' report in Ottawa yesterday. Sean Kilpatrick the canadian pressFormer diplomat Robert Fowler (from right), genocide expert Frank Chalk, SenatorRomeo Dallaire, former NDP leader Ed Broadbent and Senator Hugh Segal unveil 'Willto Intervene Project' report in Ottawa yesterday. ;

BYLINE: Allan Woods

SOURCE: Toronto Star


WORD COUNT: 535

Up to a million dead, women with babies hacking other women with babies to death with machetes, bloodflowing through the streets a fivepage memo from celebrated former diplomat Robert Fowler painted astartling picture of genocide following a trip to Rwanda in midMay 1994.

The document made the rounds of senior Canadian bureaucrats. Fowler says it made them feel guilty aboutthe horrors taking place under their watch, but it didn't compel anyone to act, to intervene, to save lives. Lorehas it one official even scrawled "Not in Canada's interest" across the top and cast it aside.

"That is, as far as I'm concerned, a simply unacceptable reaction," said Fowler, who was held hostage by AlQaeda from December to April while on a United Nations mission in Niger.

He and others who are haunted by the memory of the Rwandan genocide are calling on the Canadiangovernment to overhaul the way it responds to emerging humanitarian catastrophes and statesponsoredethnic violence.

Fowler was among a panel of experts who unveiled their "Will to Intervene" action plan in Ottawa yesterdayurging:

A new cabinet position to track and coordinate Canada's efforts to ensure a more effective response toconflicts or atrocities in places like Sudan, Sri Lanka and Congo.

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A parliamentary committee to hear from frontline workers and advocacy groups and hold the government toaccount for its actions or oversights.

A team of diplomats to act as Canada's lookout in the world, crafting strategies to diffuse tensions or preventthem from escalating as they did in Rwanda.

"We were the major donor to Rwanda at that time," recalled Ed Broadbent, the former NDP leader who onceheaded the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development.

Broadbent travelled to Rwanda in November 1992 and could see the signs of the coming genocide. He alertedCanada's foreign ministry and reporters upon his return, but no one paid much attention.

"If the government of Canada had done the right thing when they had that information, perhaps the atrocioussituation that confronted Gen. (Romeo) Dallaire and the world community a year later could have beenheaded off."

Dallaire, as commander of the UN peacekeeping forces in Rwanda, witnessed the genocide but was powerlessto stop it. He has publicly struggled with post traumatic stress that he blames on the searing memories of thebloodshed.

The proposed changes would take away from bureaucrats the "flexibility to avoid" acting, said ConservativeSenator Hugh Segal.

The imperative of saving hundreds of thousands of lives clearly was not enough of a reason for Canada toengage halfway around the world 15 years ago in Rwanda. So Fowler, Dallaire, now a Liberal senator,Broadbent and other members on a panel of experts have come up with a few more reasons.

"One of the most surprising discoveries we made ... is how vulnerable we are here in Canada to the indirectconsequences of events like the Rwanda genocide, " said Frank Chalk, director of the Montreal Institute for

Genocide and Human Rights Studies at Concordia University.

A disease outbreak in a refugee camp in Africa or Asia can spread around the world in 24 hours. Conflicts cangive rise to terrorism. All of it can disrupt vital trade lines.

"These things will come back and invade the soft, quiet, safe, comfortable lives that we live in these parts ofthe world," Fowler said.

Chalk said the federal Liberal party and the NDP have endorsed the report's recommendations.

A copy of the report was sent to Prime Minister Stephen Harper in August. A PMO official said the

government is "carefully studying the recommendations."

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Faraway genocides have impact on our shoresGENOCIDES: A report calls on Canada to act

SOURCETAG 09092397191568

PUBLICATION:

The London Free PressDATE: 2009.09.23

EDITION: Final

SECTION: News

PAGE: B9

ILLUSTRATION:

photo by The CP Robert Fowler, Frank Chalk, director of Montreal Institute for Genocideand Human Rights Studies, and Sen. Romeo Dallaire unveil the Will to Intervene Projectreport entitled Mobilizing the Will to Intervene: Leadership and Action to Prevent MassAtrocities at a news conference in Ottawa yesterday.

BYLINE: THE CP

DATELINE: OTTAWAWORD COUNT: 252

Canada and the United States should recognize genocidal disasters such as the one in Rwanda threaten theirnational interest and they should be prepared to act against such atrocities, says a new report.

While the United Nations has made much of its new "responsibility to protect" doctrine, the new report sayswhat's now needed is "the will to intervene." The first step to creating that will is the recognition that thefallout from humanitarian disasters can reach across oceans, says the report from a panel of experts, includingSen. Romeo Dallaire, the retired general who commanded the hopeless UN mission in Rwanda 15 years ago.


Frank Chalk, a Concordia University professor, a recognized authority on genocide and codirector of theproject that produced the report, said the threats are obvious.

"Displacement and the creation of refugee flows denies people pure water, inoculation, vaccination, treatment,etc., and creates a vast Petri dish for the development of future pandemics and infectious disease," he said. Ina world linked by jets, contagion can leap halfway around the world in hours.


The idea that only a palpable, direct threat requires action, must be discarded, the 160page report argues."We need to redefine our national interest more broadly, not only to help failing states, but also to help andprotect ourselves."

It recommends Canada make prevention of mass atrocities a national priority by appointing a senior cabinetminister to monitor such catastrophes. KEYWORDS=NATIONAL

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Canada urged to act against genocides; Rwandanatrocities cited as western failure

IDNUMBER 200909230021

PUBLICATION:

The Windsor StarDATE: 2009.09.23

EDITION: Final

SECTION: News

PAGE: A6

ILLUSTRATION:

Photo: Phil Carpenter, Montreal Gazette / Freshly unearthedhuman bones, heaped onplastic sheets and tarpaulins in a room not intended for public viewing, lie at the MurambiGenocide Memorial Centre near Gikongoro, Rwanda, in this May 2009 photo. The site isan old technical school where more than 40,000 people were killed. ;

DATELINE: OTTAWA

BYLINE: Norma GreenawaySOURCE: Canwest News Service

WORD COUNT: 541

At a time when Canadians are increasingly questioning the country's involvement in Afghanistan, a newreport says Canada should pour more diplomatic and military resources into preventing or stopping genocidesin faroff places.

The report says the refusal by Canada, the United States and other countries to intervene in atrocities such asthe Rwandan genocide in the early 1990s must be turned into a "will to intervene" diplomatically as early aspossible to prevent catastrophes.

If the genocide is already in progress, it says, Canadian, U.S. and other world leaders must be prepared tointervene militarily to stop the slaughter of human beings.


The report's conclusions were passionately embraced Tuesday by retired diplomat Robert Fowler, the authorof a hardhitting memo to Liberal cabinet ministers in 1994 about the mass slaughter going on in Rwanda thatin the end, he says, was ignored.

Making a rare public speaking appearance since being held hostage for four months by alQaida militants inAfrica, Fowler said, in effect, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out when outside intervention iswarranted. "The things I am talking about are not debatable," he told a news conference. "They are simply sohorrendous that they require engagement."


"It

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