W S Search Patterns. Instructor notes n This lesson plan is designed to help the students understand...

W

S

Search PatternsSearch PatternsSearch PatternsSearch Patterns

ObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectives

• DEMONSTRATE search pattern nomenclatureDEMONSTRATE search pattern nomenclature• APPLY standard search pattern designationsAPPLY standard search pattern designations• IDENTIFY the purpose of each search patternIDENTIFY the purpose of each search pattern•FORWARD a search pattern to an SRUFORWARD a search pattern to an SRU• SELECT the appropriate search patternSELECT the appropriate search pattern• PLOT a search patternPLOT a search pattern

CSPCSP CSPCSP

A-1A-1 A-2A-2

How are search areas How are search areas designated?designated?

When does it become a When does it become a B search?B search?

A, B, C...A, B, C...

When drift is re-When drift is re-calculated.calculated.

Search Area DesignationSearch Area DesignationSearch Area DesignationSearch Area Designation

The standard methods used to designate The standard methods used to designate

search areassearch areas

Describing Search AreasDescribing Search AreasDescribing Search AreasDescribing Search Areas

Corner Point MethodCorner Point Method

Center Point MethodCenter Point Method

Corner Point MethodCorner Point Method

Center Point MethodCenter Point Method

BLDG

Describing Search AreasDescribing Search AreasDescribing Search AreasDescribing Search Areas

44-30 N44-30 N62-20 W62-20 W

12 NM

12 NM

20 NM20 NM

060 T060 T

SMC will pass this SMC will pass this information from the information from the SAROPS summary.SAROPS summary.

Center Point or Center Point or Corner Points will be Corner Points will be

passed to the SRUpassed to the SRU

Search Pattern Selection Search Pattern Selection Search Pattern Selection Search Pattern Selection

datum accuracy?datum accuracy? datum accuracy?datum accuracy? Time, currentTime, currentTime, currentTime, current

Large or SmallLarge or SmallLarge or SmallLarge or Small

Number, type, speedNumber, type, speedNumber, type, speedNumber, type, speed

FAC or HurricaneFAC or HurricaneFAC or HurricaneFAC or Hurricane

Large or smallLarge or smallLarge or smallLarge or small

search area size?search area size? search area size?search area size? SRU’s?SRU’s? SRU’s?SRU’s? environment?environment? environment?environment?

Search targetSearch target Search targetSearch target

What is yourWhat is yourWhat is yourWhat is your

detection aids?detection aids? detection aids?detection aids? Visual, Radar, NVG?Visual, Radar, NVG?Visual, Radar, NVG?Visual, Radar, NVG?

NomenclatureNomenclatureNomenclatureNomenclature

Sea

rch

L

egs

Sea

rch

L

egs

Cross Cross LegsLegs

3nm3nm

CommenceCommenceSearch PointSearch Point (CSP)(CSP)

CommenceCommenceSearch PointSearch Point (CSP)(CSP)

Tra

ck s

pac

eT

rack

sp

ace

Sw

eep

Wid

thS

wee

p W

idth

Maj

orM

ajor

Axi

sA

xis

Minor AxisMinor Axis

NomenclatureNomenclatureNomenclatureNomenclature

CSPCSP

Direction Direction of Creepof Creep

NN

SS

EEWW

CreepCreep

Search Pattern Designation Search Pattern Designation Search Pattern Designation Search Pattern Designation

PSPS

CSCS

SSSSTSRTSR

TSNTSN BSBS

VSVS

ShorelineShoreline

First letter designates the Pattern TypeFirst letter designates the Pattern TypeFirst letter designates the Pattern TypeFirst letter designates the Pattern Type

PP Parallel trackParallel track VV SectorSector

CC Creeping lineCreeping line BB BarrierBarrier

SS SquareSquare TT TracklineTrackline

PP Parallel trackParallel track VV SectorSector

CC Creeping lineCreeping line BB BarrierBarrier

SS SquareSquare TT TracklineTrackline

PP

Search Pattern DesignationSearch Pattern DesignationSearch Pattern DesignationSearch Pattern Designation

Second letter designates number of unitsSecond letter designates number of unitsSecond letter designates number of unitsSecond letter designates number of units

SS Single unitSingle unit MM Multi-unitMulti-unitSS Single unitSingle unit MM Multi-unitMulti-unit

SS


PP

The third letter designates specialized The third letter designates specialized SRU patterns or instructions.SRU patterns or instructions.

The third letter designates specialized The third letter designates specialized SRU patterns or instructions.SRU patterns or instructions.

NN Non returnNon return RR ReturnReturnNN Non returnNon return RR ReturnReturn


TT SS RR

Trackline PatternsTrackline PatternsTrackline PatternsTrackline PatternsCriteriaCriteria

Used when the intended route of the search Used when the intended route of the search object is known.object is known.

A rapid and reasonably thorough coverage A rapid and reasonably thorough coverage of the missing craft's proposed track.of the missing craft's proposed track.

CriteriaCriteria

Used when the intended route of the search Used when the intended route of the search object is known.object is known.

A rapid and reasonably thorough coverage A rapid and reasonably thorough coverage of the missing craft's proposed track.of the missing craft's proposed track.

TTrackline rackline SSingle-unitingle-unit NNon-returnon-return (TSN)(TSN)TTrackline rackline SSingle-unitingle-unit NNon-returnon-return (TSN)(TSN)

B

A

Trackline PatternsTrackline PatternsTrackline PatternsTrackline Patterns

CSPCSPCSPCSP

TTrackline rackline SSingle-unitingle-unit RReturn eturn (TSR)(TSR)

TTrackline rackline SSingle-unitingle-unit RReturn eturn (TSR)(TSR)

B

A

CSP offset ½-search track CSP offset ½-search track spacing from the tracklinespacing from the trackline

Trackline PatternsTrackline PatternsTrackline PatternsTrackline Patterns

CSPCSPCSPCSP

Parallel PatternsParallel PatternsParallel PatternsParallel Patterns CriteriaCriteria Used to cover large search areas.Used to cover large search areas. Provides uniform coverage.Provides uniform coverage. Only an approximate initial position is Only an approximate initial position is

known.known.

CriteriaCriteria Used to cover large search areas.Used to cover large search areas. Provides uniform coverage.Provides uniform coverage. Only an approximate initial position is Only an approximate initial position is

known.known.

CSPCSP

Maj

or A

xis

Maj

or A

xis

Maj

or A

xis

Maj

or A

xis

Minor AxisMinor AxisMinor AxisMinor Axis

Parallel Track Single UnitParallel Track Single Unit(PS)(PS)

Parallel Track Single UnitParallel Track Single Unit(PS)(PS)

Creeping Line PatternsCreeping Line PatternsCreeping Line PatternsCreeping Line Patterns

CriteriaCriteriaUsed to cover one end of an area firstUsed to cover one end of an area first

ororTo change direction of the search legs.To change direction of the search legs.

CSP is located 1/2 track spacing inside CSP is located 1/2 track spacing inside the corner of the search area.the corner of the search area.

CriteriaCriteriaUsed to cover one end of an area firstUsed to cover one end of an area first

ororTo change direction of the search legs.To change direction of the search legs.

CSP is located 1/2 track spacing inside CSP is located 1/2 track spacing inside the corner of the search area.the corner of the search area.

Creeping Line Creeping Line Single Unit (CS)Single Unit (CS)Creeping Line Creeping Line

Single Unit (CS)Single Unit (CS)

CSPCSP

Search Legs Search Legs are oriented to are oriented to the minor axisthe minor axis

Search Legs Search Legs are oriented to are oriented to the minor axisthe minor axis

Maj

or A

xis

Maj

or A

xis

Maj

or A

xis

Maj

or A

xis

CriteriaCriteria

Used to search a small area.Used to search a small area.

Some doubt exists about the distress Some doubt exists about the distress positionposition

Provides uniform coverage.Provides uniform coverage.

CriteriaCriteria

Used to search a small area.Used to search a small area.

Some doubt exists about the distress Some doubt exists about the distress positionposition

Provides uniform coverage.Provides uniform coverage.

Square PatternsSquare PatternsSquare PatternsSquare Patterns

Square PatternsSquare PatternsSquare PatternsSquare Patterns

ExecutionExecutionCSP is at datum.CSP is at datum.

First leg is in the direction of drift.First leg is in the direction of drift.

All turns are 90 degrees to the right.All turns are 90 degrees to the right.

Search leg length is increased by Search leg length is increased by one track space on every other leg.one track space on every other leg.


First leg is in the direction of drift.First leg is in the direction of drift.


Search leg length is increased by Search leg length is increased by one track space on every other leg.one track space on every other leg.

11

11

22

22

33

33

44

44

4 4

S = 1 NMS = 1 NMS = 1 NMS = 1 NM

Square Single Unit (SS)Square Single Unit (SS)Square Single Unit (SS)Square Single Unit (SS)

CriteriaCriteria

Datum is established within close limits.Datum is established within close limits.

High coverage is desired in the immediate High coverage is desired in the immediate vicinity of datum. vicinity of datum.

Area to be searched is not extensive.Area to be searched is not extensive.

CriteriaCriteria

Datum is established within close limits.Datum is established within close limits.

High coverage is desired in the immediate High coverage is desired in the immediate vicinity of datum. vicinity of datum.

Area to be searched is not extensive.Area to be searched is not extensive.

Sector PatternsSector PatternsSector PatternsSector Patterns


First leg is in the direction of the object’s drift.First leg is in the direction of the object’s drift.


Second search begins 30 degrees to the right.Second search begins 30 degrees to the right.


First leg is in the direction of the object’s drift.First leg is in the direction of the object’s drift.


Second search begins 30 degrees to the right.Second search begins 30 degrees to the right.

Sector PatternsSector PatternsSector PatternsSector Patterns

Sector Single Unit (VS)Sector Single Unit (VS)Sector Single Unit (VS)Sector Single Unit (VS)

CSPCSP

Corrected Sweep Width Corrected Sweep Width (W) is equal to the 2x (W) is equal to the 2x radius and determined radius and determined by the search object.by the search object.

Corrected Sweep Width Corrected Sweep Width (W) is equal to the 2x (W) is equal to the 2x radius and determined radius and determined by the search object.by the search object.

rr

Sector Single Unit (VS)Sector Single Unit (VS)Sector Single Unit (VS)Sector Single Unit (VS)

First First patternpattern

Second Second pattern off set pattern off set 30 degrees to 30 degrees to

the rightthe right

Second PatternSecond PatternSecond PatternSecond Pattern

Cross-Over Barrier PatternCross-Over Barrier PatternCross-Over Barrier PatternCross-Over Barrier Pattern

High current areas High current areas

Containment of Datum is paramountContainment of Datum is paramount

Search legs perpendicular to movement of Search legs perpendicular to movement of targettarget

High current areas High current areas

Containment of Datum is paramountContainment of Datum is paramount

Search legs perpendicular to movement of Search legs perpendicular to movement of targettarget

DistressDistressPositionPositionDistressDistressPositionPosition

CurrentCurrentCurrentCurrent

Cross-Over Barrier Pattern (BS)Cross-Over Barrier Pattern (BS)Cross-Over Barrier Pattern (BS)Cross-Over Barrier Pattern (BS)

Small vessels or aircraft:Small vessels or aircraft:low altitudes & speedslow altitudes & speeds

close inspections of the terrainclose inspections of the terrain

Shoreline SearchShoreline SearchShoreline SearchShoreline Search

Consider the possibility of Consider the possibility of survivors clinging to navigational survivors clinging to navigational

aids such as buoys, or to rocks aids such as buoys, or to rocks offshoreoffshore

Consider the possibility of Consider the possibility of survivors clinging to navigational survivors clinging to navigational

aids such as buoys, or to rocks aids such as buoys, or to rocks offshoreoffshore

Shoreline SearchShoreline SearchShoreline SearchShoreline Search

Example: SMC’s intention Example: SMC’s intention is to search .5 NM offshoreis to search .5 NM offshore

ReviewReviewReviewReviewWhat axis do the search legs of a PS run along? What axis do the search legs of a PS run along?

Where is CSP for a VS? a PS?Where is CSP for a VS? a PS?

What direction does the 2nd search start in a What direction does the 2nd search start in a VS? VS?

ReviewReviewReviewReview

What is the direction of all turns in a VS?What is the direction of all turns in a VS?

What direction are all turns in an SS?What direction are all turns in an SS?

Which pattern is used for large area, uniform Which pattern is used for large area, uniform coverage and the approximate position is coverage and the approximate position is known?known?

Plotting Search PatternsPlotting Search Patterns

Plotting a “PS”

Search Area

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

Min

or A

xis

Determine Search AreaDetermine Search Area

Major Axis

Plotting a “PS”

Major Axis

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

Measure ½ track spacing in from the corners

Min

or A

xis

Plotting a “PS”

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

Connect the marks to make the patterns size Connect the marks to make the patterns size

Major Axis

Min

or A

xis

Plotting a “PS”

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

Mark CSP, then mark full track spacing

Major Axis

Min

or A

xis

Plotting a “PS”• Lay out search legs and erase every other cross leg

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

Major Axis

Min

or A

xis

Plotting a “PS”

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSPC- ºT/ ºCD- NM S- KN

C- ºT/ ºCD- NM

C-

ºT

ºCD

-

N

M

Major Axis

• Label a minimum of three legs

Plotting a “CS”Plotting a “CS”

Search Area

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

Determine Search AreaMajor Axis

Min

or A

xis

Plotting a “CS”

Search Area

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

Measure ½ track spacing in from the cornersMajor Axis

Min

or A

xis

Plotting a “CS”

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

Connect the marks to make the pattern sizeMajor Axis

Min

or A

xis

Plotting a “CS”

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

Mark CSP and measure a full track spacingMajor Axis

Min

or A

xis

Plotting a “CS”

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

Lay out search legs and erase every other cross legMajor Axis

Min

or A

xis

Plotting a “CS”• Label a minimum of three legs

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

C-

ºT/

ºC

D-

NM

S-

K

N

C-

ºT/

ºC

D-

NM

C- ºT ºCD- NM

Plotting a “VS”• Plot datum and arc a full track spacing around it

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

Plotting a “VS”

• Lay down the first track line in the direction of drift

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

Datum(CSP)

Plotting a “VS”• Mark track spacing on either side of the line

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

Plotting a “VS”• Lay out the remaining track lines by

connecting the marks

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

Plotting a “VS”

• Label three legs minimum

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

C- ºT/ ºC

D- NM

C-

º

T/

º

CD

-

NM

S-

KN

C- ºT

/ º

C

D- N

M

Plotting a “SS”

• Plot datum and mark a full track spacing around it

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

Plotting a “SS”

• Lay down first search leg in the direction of driftLay down first search leg in the direction of drift

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

Plotting a “SS”Plotting a “SS”

• All turns are 90All turns are 90° to the right.° to the right.

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

Plotting a “SS”

• Add one track spacing every other search leg

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

Plotting a “SS”• Repeat for number of legs requiredRepeat for number of legs required

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

Plotting a “SS”

• Label all legsLabel all legs

CSP

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

C- ºT/ ºCD- NM

C-

ºT/

ºC

D-

NM

C- ºT

/ ºCD

- NM

C

-

ºT

/

º

CD

-

N

M

C- ºT/ ºCD- NM

C- ºT/ ºCD- NM

C- ºT/ ºCD- NM

C- ºT

/ ºCD

- NM

Plotting a “TSR”

• Using the target's intended track line, plot positions along the track

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

Plotting a “TSR”• Using 1/2 track spacing, arc a circle around Using 1/2 track spacing, arc a circle around

each plotted positioneach plotted position

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4


• CSP will be located at one endCSP will be located at one end

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP


• Label all legsLabel all legs

C- ºT/

ºC

D- NM S

- KN

C- ºT/ ºCD- NM

C- ºT/ ºCD- NM

C- ºT/

ºC

D- NM

1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4

CSP

C-

º

T

ºC

D-

N

M

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Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?

W S Search Patterns. Instructor notes n This lesson plan is designed to help the students understand...

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