W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound....

28
WOUNDS

description

D EFINITION OF W OUND Wound is a break in the continuity of the skin. الجرح هو انقطاع في استمرارية وتماسك الجلد.

Transcript of W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound....

Page 1: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

WOUNDS

Page 2: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

OBJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student

should be able to:Define wound.Describe the types of open and closed

wound injuries.Determine the complications of wounds.Describe the first aid care of victims with

open and closed wound injuries.Describe the special concerns and cautions

in caring for infected wound and impaled objects injuries.

Page 3: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

DEFINITION OF WOUND Wound is a break in the continuity of the

skin.. الجلد وتماسك استمرارية في انقطاع هو الجرح

Page 4: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

THE SKIN

Page 5: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

TYPES OF CLOSED WOUNDS1. Contusion رّضة أو كدمة It is the most common type of closed wound. The epidermis layer remains intact طبقة

متماسكة تبقى some cells and لكن but ,البشرةblood vessels in the dermis layer األدمة طبقةare damaged.

Pain, swelling (because of the collection of blood), and discoloration لون at the تغيرwound site may occur.

It may cause internal injuries related to internal bleeding.

الداخلي للنزف نتيجة داخلية إصابات إلى تؤدي قد

Page 6: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

2. Hematoma ) دموي ) تجمع دموي ورم Hematoma is a collection of blood تجمع

.the skin تحت beneathللدم It occurs when an injury causes a damage to

blood vessels, which causes a pooling تجمع of blood between the cells.

Page 7: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

TYPES OF OPEN WOUNDS1. Abrasion كشط It occurs when the top layer of skin (i.e., the

epidermis layer) is removed, with little or no blood loss.

It happened when a scrape قشط أو فركagainst a hard surface occurs.

2. Lacerationتمزق It is a cut skin with jagged مسنن irregular , يبدو

edges منتظمة غير . حواف It is caused by a forceful tearing تمزقof the

skin tissue.

Page 8: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

3. Incision شق It has smooth edges and resembles a

surgical or paper cut.

4. Puncture ثقب It is a deep and narrow wound. For instance, a stab wound from a nail

or a knife in the skin and underlyingمسمارorgans.

Page 9: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

5. Avulsionقلع It happens when a flap قطعة أو of skin is رفرف

torn loose. The flap is either hanging متدليةfrom the

body or completely removedُمزالة .

6. Amputation قطع أو بتر It is cutting or tearing off of a body part such

as a finger, toe, hand, foot, arm, or leg.

Page 10: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

EXAMPLES OF TYPES OF OPEN WOUNDS

Page 11: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

WOUND ASSESSMENT CONSIDERATIONS Etiology Location and size of the wound Extent of tissue loss Volume of exudates إفرازات and drainage

مخرجات Condition of the skin around the wound Presence of pain

Page 12: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

GOALS OF WOUND CARE Promote wound healing Minimize scar formation الندب تشكّل تقليل Control bleeding as quickly as possible Prevent further contamination of the wound

Page 13: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

FACTORS AFFECTING WOUND HEALING

الجروح التئام عملية على تؤثر عوامل Growth and developmental considerationsوتطور نمو e.g., healthy children and)اعتباراتadults). Nutrition. Medications. Contamination تلوث and infection عدوى.

Page 14: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

DRESSING AS A WOUND MANAGEMENT.Dressing is applied to wound with or without medication.

Page 15: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

IMPORTANCE OF DRESSING Protecting the wound from mechanical injury,

) ( ، اللمسية الميكانيكية اإلصابات من الجرح حماية Immobilizing the wound الجرح تحريك , عدم Absorbing the exudates االفرازات , امتصاص Preventing contamination التلوث , منع Providing an environment conducive to

healing الجرح عالج في تساعد بيئة and ,إيجاد Providing mental comfort for the injured

person للمصاب النفسية الراحة .اعطاء

Page 16: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

DRESSING STEPS التضميد خطوات1. Irrigate the wound and clean the surrounding area with antiseptic solution.

مطهر بمحلول به المحيطة المنطقة ونظّف الجرح اغسل

2. Using sterile gloves and a gauze sponge, clean the wound with a large amount of povidone-iodine solution.

والشاش االسفنج وباستخدام معقمة قفازات لبس بعدسائل من كبيرة بكمية الجرح مكان نظّف المعقمين،

اليود- البوفيدون

Page 17: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

3. Pack the wound loosely with a sterile dressing soaked with povidone-iodine solution.

- ) اليود ) البوفيدون بسائل مشبعة مغّرقة معقمة ضمادة ضعالجرح فوق خفيف بشكل

4. Cover the packing with a dry, sterile dressing/pad (or adhesive bandage). أو ) ناشفة معقمة أخرى بضمادة األولى الضمادة بتغطية قم

) تواجدت – إن الصق أطرافها على ضمادة

Page 18: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

5. Apply roll bandage over the if necessary ) حاجة ) هناك كان إذا الضمادات فوق طبي شاش لفافة ضع

الطبي: الالصق باستخدام الضمادات تثبيت أيضا يمكنك تذكر

6. Re-clean and re-dress the wound every 24 hours.

Page 19: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

CONSIDERATIONS WHEN APPLYING A DRESSING Always wear gloves.

Don’t touch the victim’s blood and body fluids without wearing gloves.

Use a dressing large enough to extend beyond the wound’s edges. الجرح منطقة يتعدى التضميد اجعل

الئق بشكل

Cover the dressing with roll bandages.

It is especially important to wash hands thoroughly before and after changing dressings.

Page 20: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

PURPOSES OF ROLL BANDAGES AND ADHESIVE TAPES (BINDERS)

الطبية واللواصق الالف الطبي الشاش استخدام أهداف Securing dressing الضماد . تثبيت Securing splints الجبائر . تثبيت Immobilizing the body parts that are injured

المصابة الجسم أجزاء تثبيت.) : والنزيف) واالنتفاخات األلم من تقلل تذكر

Page 21: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

CAREFUL! Activate the EMS if an open wound:

Spurts blood دم يُدفق Is deeper than the uppermost layer of skin

البشرة طبقة يتعدى الجرح كان إذاHas an embedded/impaled object مغروس جسمHas extensive contaminationHas uncontrolled bleeding Involves nerves, muscles, or tendons Involves the mouth, face, tongue, genitals or

other areas where a scar would be disfiguring Is from a human or animal bite عضة

Page 22: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

Never remove an embedded/impaled object

المصاب بجسم المغروسة األجسام تزل .ال If organs protrude, activate the EMS system.

) ( اإلسعاف اطلب الجسم، خارج عضو أي خرج برز إذاً .فورا

Don’t touch protruded organs or try to place them back.

) الجسم ) من خرج برز عضو أي تلمس .ال

Cover with a clean, moist, and sterile dressing; use sterile gauze compresses if available.

) أو ) بضماد الجسم من خرج برز عضو اي بتغطية قدمعقم بسائل مرطب .شاش

Page 23: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

COMPLICATIONS OF WOUNDSالجروح مضاعفات

Hemorrhage دم نزيفYou should apply pressure dressing ضماد ضع

to the wound and monitor vital signs ضاغطالحيوية العالمات .راقب

The risk of hemorrhage is greatest during the first 48 hours after surgery.

Inflamed and tender wounds may have excessive drainage and foul odorمخرجات لها تكون قد اللمس عند والمؤلمة الملتهبة الجروح

. كريهة رائحة ولها كثيرة ومفرزات

Page 24: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

Infection عدوى You should observe any change in the

wound color, pain or drainage. Surgical infection الجراحة بعد can occur عدوى

2-11 days after operations عمليات .Culturing ) مختبر ) زراعة of the wound عمل

may be indicated.Infections occur in 3-5% of traumatic

wounds الحوادث إصابات عن الناتجة .الجروح Infections may occur more أكثر with تحصل

heavily contaminated wounds الملوثة الجروح and with whom with diabetes mellitus كثيرا

السكري . مرضى

Page 25: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

WHAT TO DO WITH INFECTED WOUNDS? Keep monitoring for signs of infectionعدوى حصول على تدل عالمات e.g., fever) راقب.(increase in white blood cells count , حرارة Obtain wound culture if ordered by a

physician ( ) حال ) في الجرح لمنطقة مختبر زراعة لعمل عينة بأخذ قد

.) طبيب ذلك منك طلب Change dressing frequently as ordered by a

physicianالطبيب . توصية حسب دوري بشكل التضميد بإعادة قم

Page 26: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

TETANUS) الكُزاز ) التيتانوس مرض

Page 27: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

TETANUS It is a bacterial infection بكتيرية that may عدوى

cause fever حرارة and convulsions تشنجات and possibly tonic skeletal muscle spasmالهيكلية العضالت في االنقباض نتيجة شديد تصلبfor non-immunized personsمرض ضد مسبق مطعوم يأخذوا لم الذين لألشخاص .الكزاز

Tetanus bacillus bacteria enters wound as spore بوغ and acts on motor end plate of central nervous system.

Page 28: W OUNDS. O BJECTIVES At the end of this session, each student should be able to: Define wound. Describe the types of open and closed wound injuries. Determine.

Following childhood vaccination, boosters should be supplied once every 10 years.أن يجب الطفولة، فترة في المطاعيم أخذ من االنتهاء بعد

) مرة ) الكزاز للتيتانوس مضاد تعزيزي مطعوم الشخص يأخذسنوات .10كل

If not immunized, subject should receive tetanus immunoglobulin within 48 hours following the skin wound.

المصاب إعطاء يجب ُمطَعَّم، غير الشخص كان حال فيخالل للكزاز مضاد مناعي حصول 48غلوبيولين من ساعة

الجرح.