W ORLD W AR II: T HE E UROPEAN T HEATRE. E L A LAMEIN (Oct 23-Nov 4, 1942) Part of Operation Torch,...
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Transcript of W ORLD W AR II: T HE E UROPEAN T HEATRE. E L A LAMEIN (Oct 23-Nov 4, 1942) Part of Operation Torch,...
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WORLD WAR II:THE EUROPEAN THEATRE
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EL ALAMEIN(Oct 23-Nov 4, 1942)
• Part of Operation Torch, Allied invasion of North Africa
• German “Afrika Korps” led by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel (The “Desert Fox”)
• American and British forces led by Gen. George S. Patton
• Allied victory; Axis forces in North Africa surrender by May 1943
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THE ATLANTIC(Sept 3, 1939 – May 7, 1945)
• German U-boat fleet vs. Allied navies and merchant ships
• German submarines reach as far as US East Coast
• Allies adopt convoy system; merchant ships sail in large groups protected by fast navy ships
• May-June 1942: Germans sink 1.2 million tons of Allied shipping
• sonar – technology that allowed ships to “see” under water
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STALINGRAD(July 17, 1942 – Feb 2, 1943)
• Important industrial city in the Soviet Union
• Controlled access to all resources USSR needed to fight the war; Hitler wants it
• Stalin orders his troops to hold the city at all costs• Entire city reduced to rubble; Germans forced to fight house by house
• Turning point - 91,000 Germans surrender; 5,000 actually survive Soviet prison camps
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SICILY(July 9 – Aug 17, 1943)
• Operation Husky – Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower’s plan for the invasion of Sicily
• Led by British General Montgomery and US General Patton
• Soft underbelly- Plan to attack Germany through Italy because it was weaker
• Caused Italian government to force Mussolini out of office; Italy surrenders on Dec 8• Germany retains control of Northern Italy
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NORMANDY(June 5-6, 1944)
• Operation Overlord – Allied invasion of Europe, planned by Gen. Eisenhower
• Two phases: men in parachutes on June 5 (D-day -1) and beach landings on June 6 (D-Day)
• 5 beaches: Omaha, Utah, Sword, Gold, Juno• Toughest fighting at Omaha Beach
• Allies establish foothold in Europe; begin to push Germans out of France
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BATTLE OF THE BULGE(Dec 16, 1944 – Jan 25, 1945)
• Final German offensive of the war; surprise attack in Belgium during a snowstorm
• Pushed Allied lines backwards, forming a “bulge”• Centered on the town of Bastogne; Germans surround American troops in the town for almost two weeks
• German army runs out of gas; attack fails. Germany loses more than 100,000 men