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VTT Technical ResearchCentre of Finland Ltd

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Research and development as a success factor ofthe nuclear industry, radwaste management,

and the entire energy system

Mr. Matti Paljakka, Solution Sales LeadE-mail: Matti.Paljakka@vtt.fi

Tel. +358 20 722 6423

Japan - Finland joint seminar on Energy Policyand Challenges of Nuclear Energy

Especially geological disposal of HLW

Tokyo 2018-04-12

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Ministry ofEconomicAffairs and

Employment

About VTT

Our visionA brighter future is createdthrough science-basedinnovations.

Our missionCustomers and society growand renew through appliedresearch.

StrategyImpact through scientificand technological excellence.

Established

1942

269 M€Net turnover

(VTT Group2016) 2,368

personnel(VTT Group

2017)

33%from

abroad(VTT Group

2016)

27%Doctorates and

Licentiates(VTT Group

2017)

Research and technology organisation,one of the leading in Europe

309/04/2018

Owned by

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VTT is innovation partner to companies

VTT is Finland’s biggest single actor inEU framework programmes

VTT participates in ca. 30 national technologyprogrammes (Business Finland, Academy of Finland)

VTT has strategic partnerships with main universities

VTT participates in four Centers of Excellenceby Academy of Finland

Key actor ininnovation ecosystem of Finland

409/04/2018

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Our services and support at all stagesof innovation process

TECHNOLOGY ANDINNOVATION MANAGEMENT

TECHNOLOGYPARTNERSHIP

ASSESSMENTS,TESTING,

INSPECTION,CERTIFICATION

IPRAND

LICENSING

PRODUCTAND

SERVICEDEVELOP-

MENT

STRATEGICRESEARCH

TECHNOLOGYAND BUSINESS

FORESIGHT

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Why partner with VTT?Three good reasons to choose VTT as your front-line research and innovation partner:

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We provide comprehensive and profoundexpertise in technologies, cognitive sciences

and business development.

We offer world-class research infrastructureand IPR assets.

We are impartial andindependent from product suppliers.

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VTT has an active rolein policy development:

Multi-disciplinary studies to supportenergy, climate and innovation policiesfrom national, European and global perspectives

in nuclear investment projects:Safety analyses – for the regulatorLicensing support – for the industry

in NPP operation:Material performance studiesPlant life and performance analysis

in NPP decommissioning:Inventory calculations and measurements

in the future of nuclear energy:SMR feasibility studiesGenIV and fusion technologies

in radioactive waste management:See the next page

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VTT services for implementation ofDeep Geological Repositories (KBS-3 type)

Facilities: undergroundand encapsulation

Dimensioning and timingSafety principles andfunctionsKnowledge: site andmaterialsTechnical solutionsOperationValidation of designOperation scenariosAssessment of operationalsafetyPerformance and life cycle

Disposal SystemKnowledge: materials andbedrockExpected conditions andevolutionSafety functions:engineered barriersystems (EBS) andbedrockTechnical designScenariosSafety demonstrationPerformance andoptimization

SiteBasis: safety concept,capacity neededKnowledge: minerals,geochemistry,groundwater flowBedrock modelsDominating processesin bedrockLong-term evolution:effects of constructionSuitability analysesTarget properties ofbedrockUsability analysis

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Challenge:The hydrogeological conditions offractured rock at the Olkiluoto siteconstitute a significant factor with regard tothe performance of the spent nuclear fuelrepository in Finland.Solution:The FEFTRA finite element programpackage developed at VTT for simulationof coupled fluid flow, heat transfer, solutetransport in fractured, heterogeneousmedia. The software includes anadvanced mesh generator and acalibration technique (EnKF).Key benefits:Support for Posiva's site characterizationand safety assessment projects for thedisposal of nuclear waste in Finland.

Case: Groundwater Flow Modelling in Fractured Rock

Contact & Reference(s): Suvi Karvonen, Kari RasilainenFEFTRATM – Verification – Update 2013: http://www.posiva.fi/files/3455/WR_2013-60.pdf,Simulations of Hydrogeological Evolution at Olkiluoto: http://www.posiva.fi/files/3074/WR_2012-35_2.5.pdf

Geometry of hydrogeological zones

Olkiluoto site in Eurajoki, Finland

Underground rockcharacterizationfacility (ONKALO)

Modelled rock volume andhydraulic conductivity of rock

Modelled salinity distribution

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Case: Engineered Barrier Systems Geotechnical &Structural Design

Challenge:Structural and geotechnical design of depositioncomponents, including buffer, backfill and tunnel plugsto ensure initial state performance for long term safety.

Solution:Buffer and backfill components are designed so thatafter saturation and swelling they fulfil the long termsafety requirements. The saturated density of thecomponents shall lie in an interval in which they aredense enough to fill all the space with definedproperties but still elastic to protect the canister forexample in case of rock movements.

Key benefits:Proper design of the components establishmechanical, geochemical and hydrogeologicalconditions that are predictable and favourable to thecanister, and protect canisters from external processesthat could compromise the safety function of completecontainment of the spent nuclear fuel and associatedradionuclides, and limit and retard radionuclidereleases in the event of canister failure.

Contact & Reference(s): Markku Juvankoski, Ville Rinta-Hiiro, Erika HoltBuffer Production Line 2012 – Design, production and initial State of the buffer. POSIVA 2012-17. Posiva Oy, Eurajoki.Buffer Design 2012. POSIVA 2012-14. Posiva Oy, Eurajoki.

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Case: Corrosion and Microbially induced corrosion ofcopper canisters

Challenge:Microbial activity may effect the integrity andlong term performance of copper canister inrepository environment.Solution:Corrosion research and monitoring of biofilmformation with sophisticated electrochemicaland molecular biological methods simulatingthe repository scenarios. Evaluatinginfluence of the aggressive substances thatmicrobes can produce on copper.Characterization of surface processes ofcopper in natural environment.Key benefits:Improved understanding of corrosion ofcopper in repository conditions.Safety evaluation of long-term corrosionresistance.Contact & Reference(s): Leena Carpén, Pauliina Rajala

Abiotic

Biotic

www.vttresearch.com/nuclear#vttpeople / @VTTFinland

A brighter future is createdthrough science-based innovations.