Vsicm51 m02 virtualization_intro_
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Transcript of Vsicm51 m02 virtualization_intro_
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
Introduction to Virtualization
Module 2
2-2
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Course Introduction
Introduction to Virtualization
Creating Virtual Machines
VMware vCenter Server
Configuring and Managing Virtual Networks
Configuring and Managing vSphere Storage
Virtual Machine Management
Data Protection
Access and Authentication Control
Resource Management and Monitoring
High Availability and Fault Tolerance
Host Scalability
Patch Management
Installing VMware vSphere Components
You Are Here
2-3
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
VMware vSphere® software suite is based on many components with
which a vSphere administrator should be familiar.
This module describes the basic concept of virtualization and
introduces VMware vSphere® ESXi™ and the virtual machine.
This module discusses the fundamental vSphere components and
how vSphere can be used in your datacenter.
Importance
2-4
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Lesson 1: Introduction to Virtualization
Lesson 2: vSphere User Interfaces
Lesson 3: Overview of ESXi
Module Lessons
2-5
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Lesson 1:
Introduction to Virtualization
2-6
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures.
Define a virtual machine.
Describe the benefits of using virtual machines.
Describe how the vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and disks.
Describe ESXi architecture.
Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud.
Learner Objectives
2-7
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Different vSphere Editions
* Includes previous tier features vSphere Optimize
and Scale
vSphere Enterprise
Plus*
vSphere Install Configure Manage
vSphere Standard
vSphere Enterprise*
2-8
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Physical Infrastructure
Fibre Channel
storage
Fibre
Channel Ethernet
NFS
storage
iSCSI
storage Network
applications
operating system
physical host
2-9
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Virtual Infrastructure
hypervisor
ESXi host
Fibre
Channel
Fibre Channel
storage
Ethernet
NFS
storage
iSCSI
storage
network
virtual
machines
2-10
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Physical and Virtual Architecture
virtual architecture
x86 architecture
vSphere
physical architecture
x86 architecture
operating system
application
2-11
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
vSphere and the Software Defined Datacenter
vSphere
Pooled Storage
Pooled Computing
Pooled Networking and Security
Automation
The Software Defined Datacenter
Virtual Datacenter 2
Datacenter Services
Virtual Datacenter 1
Datacenter Services
2-12
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Why Use Virtual Machines?
Easy to relocate:
Encapsulated into files
Independent of physical hardware
Easy to manage:
Isolated from other virtual machines
Insulated from hardware changes
Provides the ability to support
legacy applications
Allows servers to be consolidated
Virtual machine Physical machine
Difficult to relocate:
Moves require downtime
Specific to physical Hardware
Difficult to manage:
Requires physical maintenance
Hardware failures cause downtime
Hardware has limitations:
Hardware changes limit application
support
Servers are physically individual
2-13
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Resource Sharing
vSphere
x86
architecture
2-14
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
x86 architecture
operating system
application
CPU Virtualization
virtual architecture
x86 architecture
vSphere
physical architecture
2-15
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage
physical architecture virtual architecture
x86 architecture
operating system
x86 architecture
vSphere
application
1GB 2GB 8GB
2-16
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Physical and Virtual Networking
virtual architecture
vSphere
physical architecture
x86 architecture
operating system
application
virtual switch
x86 architecture
2-17
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Physical File Systems and VMware vSphere VMFS
physical architecture virtual architecture
x86 architecture
operating system
application
x86 architecture
vSphere
x86 architecture
vSphere
NTFS, ext3, UFS VMFS
2-18
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Encapsulation
VM 1
VM 2
VM 3
Datastore (VMware
vSphere® VMFS or NFS)
2-19
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
VMFS
Linux/UNIX
Windows
File-System Layouts
C: D: E:
/
usr etc opt
/
vmfs
Local
VM 1
VM 2
VM 3
VM 4
SAN
volumes
2-20
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
hybrid
cloud
Installing vSphere 5 creates
a virtual infrastructure.
Your virtual machines
run in this virtual
infrastructure.
VMware vCloud Director™
enables you to create a
cloud.
Third-party providers can
host public or private clouds.
VMware® clouds empower
you to run your virtual
machines in a private,
public, or hybrid cloud to fit
your business needs.
How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing
private
cloud
public
cloud
2-21
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Individual departments or internal corporate organizations (divisions) are able
to deploy and manage IT infrastructure through virtual systems as needed.
IT capabilities are provided as a service, over an intranet, within the enterprise,
and behind the firewall.
What Is a Private Cloud?
Gizmo
division
Widget
division
Human
Resources
Sales
enterprise private cloud
Internet Advantages
Self-service provisioning
Elasticity of resources
Rapid and simplified provisioning
Secured multitenancy
Improved use of IT resources
Better control of IT budgets
2-22
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Advantages
A cloud service provider hosts general IT operations for multiple businesses.
IT resources are provided as a service over the Internet.
A public cloud is similar to a utility or an Internet service provider.
What Is a Public Cloud?
company
A
company
B
cloud service provider
company
C
Public clouds have all of the advantages of a private cloud:
• Customer management of IT
• Rapid and flexible deployments
• Efficient and cost-effective deployments
• Secure IT assets
Customer companies no longer have IT as an ongoing overhead expense.
2-23
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Some cloud-based assets are accessible internally over an intranet.
Some cloud-based assets are accessible externally over the Internet.
Companies first move applications and data to their private cloud.
Companies can reap additional cost savings by moving to an externally accessible cloud.
Applications are transitioned by using software that meets open standards.
What Is a Hybrid Cloud?
App
Loads App
Loads
App
Loads
Hybrid
Cloud
Private
Clouds
Public
Clouds
Bridge Management Management
vSphere vSphere
2-24
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
You should be able to do the following:
Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures.
Define a virtual machine.
Describe the benefits of using virtual machines.
Describe how the vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and disks.
Describe ESXi architecture.
Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud.
Review of Learner Objectives
2-25
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Lesson 2:
vSphere User Interfaces
2-26
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Download and install the VMware vSphere® Client™.
Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host.
View or configure ESXi settings:
• Processor and memory configuration
• ESXi system logs
• Licensed features
Use the VMware vSphere® Web Client.
Manage ESXi from the command prompt.
Learner Objectives
2-27
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
User Interfaces
vSphere Client
Web Client
ESXi
host
your
desktop
vCenter
Server
2-28
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
vSphere Client is an interface
used to connect remotely to
VMware® vCenter Server™ or
an ESXi host from a Windows
system.
To download the vSphere
Client:
Use the VMware
Infrastructure™ Management
Installer.
Download the client from the
vCenter Server system or an
ESXi host.
• Internet access is required.
Downloading vSphere Client
Download the vSphere
Client to a supported
Windows system.
Point to the vCenter
Server or ESXi host.
2-29
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
On the vSphere Client
login screen, enter the
following:
Host name or IP
address of ESXi host
or vCenter Server
User name
Password for that user
(Optional) Use your
Windows session
credentials.
Using the vSphere Client
2-30
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
vSphere Client: Configuration Tab
2-31
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration
2-32
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Use vSphere Client to view logs.
Viewing ESXi System Logs
Export system
logs to an archive
file:
Send to VMware Support.
2-33
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Viewing Licensed Features
Before purchasing
licenses, you can install
ESXi in evaluation mode:
Intended for demonstration and evaluation purposes
Allows software to be completely operational immediately after installation
Does not require any licensing configuration
Provides full functionality for 60 days
2-34
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Installer located on ISO image
Install locally to vCenter Server or to remote systems
Remote installations are recommended when possible
vSphere Web Client
https://<FQDN or IP Address>
:9443/vsphere-client/
Install Client Integration
plug-in for console access
vSphere Web Client is included with vCenter Server Appliance
2-35
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
vSphere Web Client Architecture
vSphere Web
Client runs within
a browser
Application
Server that
provides a scalable
backend
VMware vCenter
Server in either
single or Linked
mode operation
The Inventory
Service obtains
optimized data live
from the core
vCenter Server
process
2-36
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
vSphere Web Client Plug-in Packages
Plug-ins are now server based:
Re-created in FLEX
HTML plug-ins (temporary workaround)
VMware plug-ins:
VMware vSphere® Update Manager™
VMware® vCenter™ Site Recovery Manager™ (SRM)
VMware vShield Manager™
All VMware solutions will integrate as they are updated.
Third party plug-ins:
EMC, NetApp, HP, Dell, and others
2-37
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
vSphere Web Client: Object Navigator
Breaks the traditional hierarchy view of an
object:
• Objects linked and displayed by relationships
• The Home screen retains its original
appearance
Allows an administrator to view objects by
solutions
Enables administrators to jump to crucial
elements faster through relationships and
object search
Reduces client clutter and repetitive
information by simplifying display of objects
Displayed objects are all that is communicated
between server and browser
2-38
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
To perform management tasks from a remote command prompt, use:
VMware vSphere® Command-Line Interface (vCLI):
• Set of commands run from a remote Linux or Windows system and executed on an ESXi host
• Packaged as an application
VMware vSphere® Management Assistant (vMA):
• Platform for running a variety of toolkits:
vCLI
VMware vSphere® SDK for Perl
VMware vSphere® API
• Packaged as a virtual appliance based on Linux
VMware vSphere® PowerCLI:
• Automation tool for administering a vSphere environment
• Distributed as a snap-in to Windows PowerShell
Managing ESXi from the Command Prompt
2-39
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
In this lab, you will install student desktop components.
1. Access your student desktop system.
2. Install the vSphere Client.
Lab 1
2-40
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
You should be able to do the following:
Download and install the VMware vSphere® Client™.
Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host.
View or configure ESXi settings:
• Processor and memory configuration
• ESXi system logs
• Licensed Features
Use the VMware vSphere® Web Client.
Manage ESXi from the command prompt.
Review of Learner Objectives
2-41
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Lesson 3:
Overview of ESXi
2-42
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Describe ESXi architecture.
Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host.
View ESXi settings:
• Processor and memory configuration
• Licensing
• NTP client
• DNS and routing
• Security profile
Identify user account best practices.
Learner Objectives
2-43
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
ESXi:
Is available for purchase with vSphere 5 or a free version can be downloaded
Has high-security
• Memory hardening
• Kernel module integrity
• Trusted platform module
Has a small disk footprint
Can be installed on hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, or directly into memory
VMware ESXi
2-44
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
ESXi Architecture
2-45
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
The direct console user interface (DCUI) is similar to the BIOS of a
computer with a keyboard-only user interface.
Configuring ESXi
2-46
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following:
Set a root password (complex passwords only).
Enable or disable lockdown mode:
• Limits host management to vCenter Server and user root access to DCUI only
Configuring ESXi: root Access
2-47
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
The DCUI allows you to modify network settings:
Host name
IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway)
DNS servers
Configuring ESXi: Management Network
2-48
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following:
Configure keyboard layout.
View support information.
View system logs.
Enable troubleshooting services, when required.
Configuring ESXi: Other Settings
2-49
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a
client-server protocol used to
synchronize a computer’s clock to a
time reference.
NTP is important:
For accurate performance graphs
For accurate time stamps in log messages
So that virtual machines have a source to synchronize with
An ESXi host can be configured as an NTP client.
It can synchronize time with an NTP server on the Internet or your corporate NTP server.
ESXi as an NTP Client
NTP
server
NTP
client
NTP
server
NTP
server
ESXi host
NTP client uses
UDP over port 123
to communicate
with NTP server.
2-50
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
The DNS and
Routing link
enables you to
change these
settings:
Host name and domain
DNS server addresses and search domains
Default VMkernel gateway
Network Settings: DNS and Routing
2-51
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
On ESXi hosts:
Remote clients are prevented from accessing services on the host.
Local clients are prevented from accessing services on remote hosts.
Unless configured otherwise, daemons will start and stop with the ESXi host:
• For example, DCUI or NTP server
Remote Access Settings: Security Profile
2-52
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
You should implement the following user account best practices:
Strictly control root privileges to the ESXi host.
Use the vSphere Client to manage the ESXi host.
Ideally, use vCenter Server – and thus vCenter Server user accounts – to manage hosts.
ESXi User Account Best Practices
2-53
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
In this lab, you will configure an ESXi host.
1. Connect to an ESXi host with the vSphere Client.
2. View the host hardware configuration.
3. Configure the DNS and routing information for an ESXi host.
4. Configure an ESXi host as an NTP client.
5. Configure an ESXi host to use the directory services.
Lab 2
2-54
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
You should be able to do the following:
Describe ESXi architecture.
Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host.
View ESXi settings:
• Processor and memory configuration
• Licensing
• NTP client
• DNS and routing
• Security profile
Identify user account best practices.
Review of Learner Objectives
2-55
© 2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
Using virtual machines solves many datacenter problems.
Virtual machines are hardware independent.
Virtual machines share the physical resources of the ESXi host on which they reside.
A virtual machine is a set of files that are easy to transfer and back up.
Virtual machine files are encapsulated into a folder and placed on a datastore.
ESXi runs directly on the host.
vSphere abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and networking for virtual machine use.
Questions?
Key Points