Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open...
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Transcript of Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open...
![Page 1: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process
![Page 2: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Types of Elections
• Primary elections– Closed & open primaries
• General election
• Initiative
• Referendum
• Recall
![Page 3: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Presidential Elections
• Primaries and Caucuses– Winner take all primary
– Proportional primary
– Caucus– Front loading
![Page 4: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Electoral College
• Winner take all - candidate that wins the majority of the popular vote in the state, wins ALL of that state’s electoral votes
• A candidate must have 270 out of 538 to win
• Number of electors based on the number of senators and number of representatives (in CT – 5 + 2 = 7)
• Only a few states split votes (ex. ME, NE)
![Page 5: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Electoral College
• Each state is free to choose its electors as it wishes.
• Each state determines how its electors are chosen by state law and the process varies from state to state.
• In states with primary elections, each presidential candidate usually designates a slate of electors who then appear on the November ballot.
• The voters are then actually voting for a slate of electors pledged to one candidate or another.
![Page 6: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Electoral College
• In caucus states, the electors may be chosen at the state caucus. Electors are actual human beings, with houses, children, jobs, and very occasionally, their own opinions.
• In most states, the slate of electors that gets the most votes wins and gets to travel to the state capital in December to vote for president and vice president.
• In the bitterly contested election in Florida in 2000, George Bush carried the state by 537 votes out of over six million cast, and got all 25 of Florida's electoral votes
![Page 7: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Electoral Map 2012
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Should the Electoral College be Reformed?
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Congressional Elections
• Incumbency advantage– Staff support/constituent services– Visibility– “Scare Off Effect”
• Name recognition• Large war chest• “Franking”• Experience running a successful campaign
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Congressional Elections
• Why Incumbents Loose:– Redistricting– Scandals– Presidential coattails– Midterm elections
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Voting
• 63.4% of registered voters show up to vote
• 47.2% of voting age population shows up to vote
• Federal laws on voter eligibility have increased over the years. Federal standards today control nearly every facet of voter eligibility.
• 15th Amendment (1870)—interpreted to allow literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses, etc until 20th century.
![Page 12: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Voting
• 19th Amendment (1920)—women given right to vote.
• Voting Rights Act of 1965: Suspended literacy tests, criminal penalties for interfering with voting rights, federal oversight, etc.
• Voting Rights Act of 1970: Gave 18yr-olds right to vote in federal elections; 26th Amendment lowered it for all elections.
![Page 13: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Voter Choice Influenced by
• Party identification
• Ideology
• Income and education
• Race and Ethnicity
• Gender
• Religion
• Issues
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Voter Turnout
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Voter Turnout Influenced by
• Income and education
• Race and ethnicity
• Gender
• Age
• Civic engagement
• Interest in politics
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Changes in Voting Behavior
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Voter Turnout
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Why Low Voter Turnout?
• Other commitments
• Difficulty with voter registration
• Difficulty with absentee voting
• Number of elections
• Voter attitudes
• Weakened influence of political parties
• Apathy
• Loss of voter efficacy
• Demographic changes
![Page 19: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Voter Turnout
![Page 20: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
How to Improve Voter Turnout
• Make election day a holiday
• Enable early voting
• Permit mail and online voting
• Make registration easier
• Modernize the ballot
• Strengthen political parties
![Page 21: Voting, Elections, & Campaign Process. Types of Elections Primary elections –Closed & open primaries General election Initiative Referendum Recall.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042703/56649ee95503460f94bfadd6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Motor Voter Law
• Motor voter law: purpose & concerns?– Voters could now register to vote when
they renewed the registration on their car
– Results: 1999-2000: 17.4 million voter registration applications were filed at motor vehicle offices; increased independent registrations.
– The problem: “those who register when the process is costless are less likely to vote” (Wilson).
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Civic Participation other then Voting
• Litigation• Protest• Contacting (e.g., media, public officials)• Campaign work/ voter registration• Campaign contributions• Running for political office/ holding political office• Political discussion to persuade others toward
action• Membership in an overtly political organization